硝态氮对淹水条件下甜樱桃根系呼吸速率及相关酶活性的影响

以盆栽美早/考特甜樱桃（Prunus avium L.）为试材,测定了在0、10、20、30 mmol/L NO3-溶液中甜樱桃根系呼吸速率和相关酶活性的变化。结果表明,NO3-减缓了淹水过程中甜樱桃根系呼吸速率的下降幅度,且随NO3-浓度的升高其呼吸速率加强。淹水2～3 d后,NO3-处理的植株根系糖酵解途径（EMP）、磷酸戊糖途径（PPP）和三羧酸循环途径（TCA）的呼吸速率均高于对照,同时增强了根系中磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G-6-PDH ）和苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）的活性。NO3-的加入可以减轻甜樱桃因淹水带来的危害。     

NO处理对采后映霜红桃果实冷害及呼吸作用的影响

为探究一氧化氮(NO)处理对桃果实冷藏期间冷害及呼吸作用的影响,本研究以映霜红桃果实为试验材料,采用不同浓度NO(0、5、10、15 μL·L^-1)处理,检测桃在4℃贮藏期间冷害症状、冷害指数、硬度、呼吸速率、呼吸途径关键酶的变化。结果表明,10 μL·L^-1NO处理延缓了桃冷害的发生,显著降低了冷害指数、呼吸速率(P<0.05),维持了桃果实的硬度,使果实正常软化后熟。同时,10 μL·L^-1NO处理通过抑制桃果实糖酵解、三羧酸(TCA)循环、细胞色素氧化酶途径关键酶—葡萄糖磷酸异构酶(GPI)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和细胞色素氧化酶(COX)的活性(P<0.05),抑制了果实呼吸速率,延缓了果实衰老。10 μL·L^-1 NO处理通过提高磷酸戊糖途径关键酶—葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)和6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶(6-PGDH)的联合活性及抗氰呼吸途径关键酶—交替氧化酶(AOX)的活性,增强了桃果实的抗冷性,减轻了桃果实的冷害。本研究结果为NO在桃果实贮藏保鲜中的应用提供了理论依据。     

低温在诱导油桃芽解除休眠过程中对代谢的影响

果树温室栽培时常出现萌芽率低，萌芽开花延迟，花器官发育差，座果率低等问题。调查了分批移入人工气候室的“NJ72”油桃萌芽率，以确定其休眠解除时间，试验结果表明“NJ72”油桃于1月中旬结束休眠，不同温度处理对“NJ72”油桃休眠期代谢的影响不同，低温促进花芽内H2O2的积累，同时促进过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性的提高，低温处理使花芽呼吸速率增加，其中磷酸戊糖途径（PPP）代谢增加，糖酵解（EMP）降低，而三羧酸循环（TCA）代谢波动较小，葡萄糖－6－磷酸（G－6－PDH）脱氢酶活性也有所增加。     

杨树葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PDH）基因启动子的克隆与分析

葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶是磷酸戊糖途径的关键性调控限速酶,其主要功能是为脂肪酸合成、氮还原和谷胱甘肽等生物分子合成提供还原力NADPH,也为核酸合成提供戊糖;此外,还参加非生物逆境胁迫应答反应。因此,G6PDH对植物的生长发育起着非常重要的作用。本文利用甜杨G6PDH基因和毛果杨基因组序列,通过PCR获得了甜杨G6PDH基因上游1400bp的序列。序列分析结果表明,该序列具有启动子的基本元件TATA-box、CAAT-box。此外,还包含多个胁迫诱导元件,如低温诱导元件LTR,盐诱导元件GT-1,抗冻、缺水、脱落酸、抗寒元件MYB和MYC,以及光响应元件L-box、G-box、3AF-1、TC丰富区等。     

硫硼营养对烟叶石油醚提取物合成的影响

硫素和硼素营养对烟叶石油醚提取物的合成起着重要作用。通过田间试验研究硫素、硼素营养对与烟叶石油醚提取物合成有关的6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶、异柠檬酸裂解酶、磷脂酸磷酸酯酶活性的影响及提高石油醚提取物含量的实际效果。试验结果表明,适量的硫、硼营养配合施用对于提高烟叶中石油醚提取物含量有一定的促进作用,当硫素和硼素分别为75、3 kg/hm2时,烤烟不同生育期石油醚提取物含量最高,烘烤后烟叶中部叶石油醚提取物含量为7.84%;6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶、异柠檬酸裂解酶、磷脂酸磷酸酯酶的活性最强。     

耐辐射异常球菌磷酸戊糖途径对DNA损伤修复的影响

耐辐射异常球菌(D.radiodurans)超强的辐照抗性归因于其高效的DNA损伤修复系统,磷酸戊糖途径(PPP)作为细胞各种糖类代谢枢纽,是合成核苷酸和核酸所需的核糖以及生成细胞还原力(NADPH)的重要途径。为探究D.radiodurans R1中PPP对DNA损伤修复的影响,本研究敲除PPP中编码限速酶葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)的基因zwf,比较UV辐照后突变株Δzwf与野生型D.radiodurans的生理生化差异。结果表明,zwf突变导致菌株对UV辐照敏感;UV辐照后Δzwf胞内NADPH、D-核糖、核苷酸合成前体IMP、UMP含量明显降低;葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯及D-核糖能完全和部分恢复Δzwf的UV辐射抗性。综上可知PPP通过提供DNA损伤修复原料及还原力,在DNA损伤修复过程中起着重要作用。本研究结果为DNA损伤修复机理提供参考。     

温度对鱼类同工酶活性的影响

通过人工低温环境,对某些鱼类乳酸脱氫酶(LDH)同工酶,葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)同工酶,乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)同工酶活性进行了测定,对LDH-A,LDH-B亚基变化进行了分析,以探索鱼类酶系统对低温环境的适应和抗低温机制。     

低温贮藏对桃果实冷害和能量水平的影响

为探索桃果实低温贮藏时冷害发生与能量水平的关系,该研究将桃果实分别置于0、5、10℃下贮藏,定期测定果实褐变指数、硬度和出汁率等冷害指标以及H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、细胞色素氧化酶(CCO)等线粒体呼吸代谢相关酶活性及能量相关物质三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)、磷酸腺苷(AMP)含量和能荷变化。结果表明,桃果实在不同贮藏温度下冷害发生程度不同,5℃贮藏的桃果实褐变指数最高,冷害最严重,0℃贮藏次之,10℃贮藏无冷害发生。同时发现5℃贮藏果实的ATP和ADP含量、能荷水平、H+-ATPase、SDH和CCO活性最低。这些结果表明,桃果实冷害发生可能与能量供应不足有关。     

南宁地区蜈蚣蕨居群的遗传多样性分析

本文采用等位酶电泳技术, 研究了南宁地区的南宁市、武鸣县和隆安县3 个不同的生态环境的野生蜈蚣蕨居群的遗传多样性。所测定的酶系统包括: 氨基肽酶 (AMP)、还原型辅酶I心肌黄酶 (DIA)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶 (MDH)、6 磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶 (PGD)、磷酸葡萄糖异构酶 (PGI)、磷酸葡萄糖变位酶 (PGM) 和莽草酸脱氢酶 (SKD) 8 个酶系统, 15 个酶位点。分析结果表明: 南宁地区蜈蚣蕨居群内遗传多样性水平中等偏上, 每个位点的等位基因平均数为1.6, 多态位点百分数为53.3% , 平均期望杂合度为0.242。     

野油菜黄单胞菌6-磷酸果糖激酶基因的初步分析

6-磷酸果糖激酶是糖酵解途径中的关键酶,它催化糖酵解途径中第一个不可逆反应。本研究利用pK18mobsacB自杀质粒采用同源双交换的方法对野油菜黄单胞菌Xcc8004中的6-磷酸果糖激酶基因（XC_0872）进行缺失突变,获得无标记的缺失突变体DM0872。表型检测结果显示DM0872突变体不影响野油菜黄单胞菌对葡萄糖和果糖的利用,不影响胞外多糖的合成,也不影响其致病性。该结果显示糖酵解途径在野油菜黄单胞菌的地位并不重要。另外,我们利用RT-PCR方法检测了XC_0872的转录情况,结果显示XC_0872在Xcc8004中是转录的。而之前曾有报道称黄单胞菌中无法检测出6-磷酸果糖激酶活性,这表明XC_0872进行了转录后调控从而使6-磷酸果糖激酶活性受到限制。本研究为野油菜黄单胞菌中糖酵解途径的调控提供了理论依据,对揭示野油菜黄单胞菌中该途径的调控机制具有一定的意义。     

泥蚶与能量代谢相关的同工酶研究(英文)

To know the energy budget of adult Tegillarca granosa, the sort, the activity, and the tissue distribution of some isozymes related with energy metabolism were tested in Tegillarca granosa by using the poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis technology. The result was that: quite like other biosome, Tegillarca granosa, a kind of lower mollusk, possessed aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and hexose monophosphate pathway, three kinds of energy metabolism methods, and each way takes a significant role in the metabolic activity of adult Tegillarca granosa. However, aerobic respiration is obviously the most important of the three, while the other two are less important and only play auxiliary roles in its energy metabolism. As to the way of the energy absorption and expenditure, the degradation of esters and carbohydrates may be the main method of the energy intake, while the main channel of energy exhaustion are activities such as food digestion and muscle movement.     

干旱胁迫下H2S对板栗幼苗根系抗氧化特性及呼吸相关酶活性的影响

为探究干旱胁迫下H₂S对板栗幼苗根系特性的影响,以黄棚板栗幼苗为试验材料,通过PEG模拟干旱并进行H₂S供体硫氢化钠(NaHS)和清除剂次牛磺酸(HT)处理,分析板栗幼苗根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)、H₂O₂等抗氧化物质含量,检测苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)等呼吸代谢相关酶活性。结果表明,0.5 mmol·L^-1 NaHS+15% PEG协同处理24 h后,与15% PEG处理相比,根系SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性分别提高19.64%、24.67%、56.91%、16.29%,根系脯氨酸含量增加15.25%,根系MDA和H₂O₂含量分别降低26.52%和20.86%,MDH、PFK和G-6-PDH活性分别提高27.28%、23.14%和15.36%;而添加H₂S清除剂HT则逆转了上述变化,说明适宜浓度的NaHS能够减轻干旱胁迫对板栗根系膜脂过氧化伤害和对呼吸代谢的抑制,从而有利于提高板栗幼苗对干旱逆境的适应能力。本研究结果为进一步探索H₂S缓解板栗树干旱胁迫的机理提供了理论依据。     

The evolution of glucose‐6P‐dehydrogenase and 6P‐gluconate‐dehydrogenase activities and the ortho‐diphenolic content of sunflower leaves cultivated under different boron treatments.

Both enzymatic activities increased under B‐deficient and B‐toxic treatments. The ortho‐diphenolic content did not change with B levels.

Our results suggest that the primary B action on the OPP pathway is at the first enzyme (glucose‐6P‐dehydrogenase) level and that the B effect on 6P‐gluconate‐dehydrogenase is secondary to this. The B action on the enzymatic activities seems not to be caused by any direct interaction with substrates, as B infiltration of B‐deficient culture “in vivo”; seems to result in long term effects on cell structures and/or processes not easily r

In this paper the glucose‐6P‐dehydrogenase and 6P‐gluconate ‐ dehydrogenase activities and ortho‐diphenolic content of hydroponically‐cultivated sunflower‐leaves with moderately deficient, normal and toxic B levels were measured. The change in these parameters during time was considered, together with the restoration of enzymatic activities by means of borate infiltration of deficient and normal leaves. The micronutrient content of the leaves was alsversible by B infiltration of leaves. The positive correlation found between the 6P‐gluconate‐dehydrogenase activity and the Zn content in leaves might be interpretable as and indirect B effect on that activity through modification of Zn content.     

Changes of protein profile in fresh-cut lotus tuber before and after browning

Browning is a critical problem, which often limits the shelf life and marketability in fresh-cut lotus tuber. Proteome level changes in response to the browning metabolism were investigated using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and MALDI-TOF-TOF. A total of 34 functional protein spots were identified by comparing 2-DE protein patterns of fresh-cut lotus tuber before and after browning. These 34 identified proteins could be classified into 7 functional groups based on the NCBI database, that is, material and energy metabolism (35%), stress response (20%), respiration metabolism (12%), cell structure (12%), signal transduction (6%), gene expression regulation (6%), and unclassified proteins (9%). The group with the greatest difference in protein expression was related to material metabolism and regulation, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and respiratory control. The distinct proteins included universal stress protein (USP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ferritin, and ATPase.     

The changes in physiological and biochemical traits of Tibetan wild and cultivated barley in response to low phosphorus stress

Low phosphorus (LP) limits crop growth and productivity in the majority of arable lands worldwide. Here, we investigated the changes in physiological and biochemical traits of Tibetan wild barleys (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. spontaneum) XZ99 (LP tolerant), XZ100 (LP sensitive), and cultivated barley ZD9 (moderately LP tolerant) under two phosphorus (P) levels during vegetative stage. These genotypes showed considerable differences in the change of biomass accumulation, root/shoot dry weight ratio, root morphology, organic acid secretion, carbohydrate metabolism, ATPase (Adenosine triphosphatase) activity, P concentration and accumulation under LP in comparison with CK (control) condition. The higher LP tolerance of XZ99 is associated with more developed roots, enhanced sucrose biosynthesis and hydrolysis of carbohydrate metabolism pathway, higher APase (Acid phosphatase) and ATPase activity, and more secretion of citrate and succinate in roots when plants are exposed to LP stress. The results prove the potential of Tibetan wild barley in developing barley cultivars with high tolerance to LP stress and understanding the mechanisms of LP tolerance in plants.     

Glyphosate effects on phenolic metabolism of nodulated soybean (Glycine max L. merr.).

Glyphosate is a herbicide that blocks the shikimic acid pathway. Three Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains with different sensitivities to glyphosate were used to test the effect of this herbicide on the phenolic metabolism of nodulated soybeans and on the bacteroid nitrogenase activity. Glyphosate caused an inhibition in the bacteroid nitrogenase activity that was related with the sensitivity of the nodule-forming strains. Both leaves and nodules accumulated huge amounts of shikimate and phenolic acids (mainly protocatechuic acid), indicating that the herbicide was translocated to the nodule and disturbed phenolic metabolism. However, this accumulation was not clearly related to the sensitivity of the different strains. Bacteroids from control plants were incubated with the same concentration of shikimate, and phenolic acid accumulated in glyphosate-treated plants. Despite the high levels found in nodules, they were not responsible for the decrease of the nitrogenase activity. Glyphosate by itself caused a small inhibition of the bacteroid nitrogenase activity.