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1.
荒漠化重建地区土壤有机碳动态研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
土壤有机碳(Soilorganiccarbon,SOC)是反映土地荒漠化的重要指标。本研究以陕西省榆林市为例,开展小区域沙漠化重建地区SOC动态的实证研究。SOC数据来源于1982年土壤普查和2003年重复采样,土样的采集、分析和统计方法分别为土钻取土法、重铬酸钾氧化法、吸管法和面积加权法。研究结果表明:SOC含量与粗砂粒显著负相关(R=-0.50,a=0.01),与粘粒显著正相关(R=-0.45,a=0.05),20年间土壤颗粒细化趋势比较明显;20年间原始剖面、1m深和耕层SOC含量、密度和储量都有不同程度的增加,其中对人类活动最敏感的耕层土壤变化最显著,SOC含量、密度和储量分别增加了0.55g/kg,0.15kg/m2,10.07GgC。该研究结果表明防风固沙、可持续性农耕等措施会卓有成效地促进土地沙漠化的恢复和重建。  相似文献   

2.
张祎  李鹏  肖列  赵宾华  时鹏 《土壤学报》2019,56(5):1140-1150
土壤有机碳(SOC)作为土壤中重要的组成部分及植物生长的主要元素,在地球生态系统中起着举足轻重的作用,是全球环境尤其是气候变化的重要影响因素。以黄土高原王茂沟小流域为研究对象,通过间隔为150m经纬网格分5层采集0~100cm土壤样品,采集土壤样品包括4种地形(坡顶、坡上、坡中、坡下)和5种土地利用类型(坡耕地、林地、草地、灌木、梯田),共采集土壤样品1 540个,探讨地形和土地利用方式对黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域SOC含量和分布影响,并通过Kriging插值计算流域内SOC空间分布。结果表明,黄土丘陵第一副区王茂沟小流域在0~100cm土层中,SOC平均含量坡上(4.49g·kg~(-1))和坡中(4.30 g·kg~(-1))含量最高,其次为坡下(3.97 g·kg~(-1)),坡顶SOC含量最低(3.34g·kg~(-1));坡耕地SOC含量最低。林地(4.31 g·kg~(-1))、梯田(4.25 g·kg~(-1))、草地(4.12 g·kg~(-1))和灌木(3.82 g·kg~(-1))分别较坡耕地(3.47 g·kg~(-1))SOC含量增加24.2%、22.4%、18.7%和10.1%。表层SOC更易受到环境因子的影响,梯田等水土保持措施可明显固存深层(20cm)SOC。方差成分估计表明,土地利用、地形、深度以及土地利用与地形的交互作用对流域剖面SOC含量空间分布有着极显著的影响(P0.01),其中地形对SOC含量的贡献率最高(32.50%)。土地利用与地形的交互作用在各因子的交互作用中表现出对SOC含量变异解释度最高(7.4%)。流域SOC在空间上呈斑块分布,随着深度的增加,流域SOC的空间分布向均一性发展。研究结果为黄土区水土保持措施规划及退耕还林的固碳效益评价提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

3.
中国土壤有机碳密度和储量的估算与空间分布分析   总被引:136,自引:5,他引:136       下载免费PDF全文
基于 1∶40 0万的《中华人民共和国土壤图》和第二次土壤普查数据 ,运用地理信息系统技术 ,对中国土壤有机碳密度及储量做出估算 ,并且分析了土壤有机碳密度的空间分布差异。结果表明 :10 0cm深度的土壤有机碳密度介于 1 19kgm- 2 到 176 46kgm- 2 之间 ,2 0cm深度的土壤有机碳密度介于 0 2 7kgm- 2 到53 46kgm- 2 之间 ;10 0cm和 2 0cm深度的土壤有机碳储量分别为 84 4Pg (1Pg =10 15 g)和 2 7 4Pg ;土壤有机碳密度具有高度的空间变异性 ,东北地区、青藏高原的东南部、云贵高原等森林、草甸分布的地区有机碳密度最高 ,准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地、阿拉善高原与河西走廊、柴达木盆地等沙漠化地区的土壤有机碳密度最低 ;土壤有机碳密度的空间分布主要受气候、植被以及人类活动的影响  相似文献   

4.
我国东部土壤有机碳的密度和储量   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
《农业环境保护》2001,20(6):386-389
  相似文献   

5.
不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳分布特征   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
为研究不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳(SOC)的分布特征和差异,对天然林地、花椒地、柑橘园、旱地和水田5种土地利用方式下的土壤进行分层取样,测定土壤有机碳(SOC)含量,并计算了土壤有机碳密度(DOC)。结果表明:随着土层厚度的增加,天然林地、花椒地和水田中SOC含量减少,而柑橘园和旱地中SOC含量先减少再增加。在0—20cm土层中,各土地利用方式下SOC含量差异最明显,均达到显著水平(P0.05),以天然林地SOC含量最高,达18.91g/kg;从0—20cm到20—40cm土层,各土地利用方式下SOC含量下降幅度顺序为柑橘园(64.30%)天然林地(59.97%)花椒地(45.28%)旱地(18.92%)水田(10.37%)。0—20cm土层中,DOC大小顺序为柑橘园(8.30kg/m~2)天然林地(4.39kg/m~2)水田(3.71kg/m~2)花椒地(2.56kg/m~2)旱地(2.26kg/m~2),除天然林地、花椒地和水田之间DOC无显著性差异外,其他土地利用方式之间DOC均存在显著性差异(P0.05);20—40cm土层中,水田中DOC最高,并与其他4种利用方式下DOC存在显著性差异(P0.05)。总体上天然林地和花椒地中DOC低于水田、柑橘园和旱地。对各土地利用方式SOC与相应容重进行相关性分析,发现土壤容重与SOC含量之间存在较好线性负相关关系(R~2=0.80~0.92)。分析土壤碳氮(C/N)比发现,随土层厚度的增加,天然林地和水田中土壤C/N比增加,花椒地中C/N比减少,柑橘园和旱地中C/N先减少再增加。对SOC和其他理化因子间进行相关性分析发现,各土地利用方式下,SOC与全氮、碱解氮之间的相关性最高,SOC分布与氮素密切相关。本研究结果可为重庆市农业产业结构调整提供科学依据。  相似文献   

6.
黄土坡面不同土地利用方式对土壤有机碳流失的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
坡面土地利用方式与产流、产沙及土壤有机碳的流失具有密切关系。对延安燕沟流域的坡耕地、草地、刈割草地、灌木地、刈割灌木以及刺槐林地径流小区的径流、泥沙及有机碳流失量进行了分析。结果表明:在不同土地利用方式下,产流、产沙量与植被覆盖度呈负相关关系;随径流流失的可溶性有机碳量表现为:坡耕地〉刈割草地〉草地〉刈割灌木地〉灌木地〉刺槐林地小区,随泥沙流失的有机碳量表现为:坡耕地〉草地〉灌木〉刺槐林地。随泥沙流失的土壤有机碳占总流失量的主要部分,而随径流流失的有机碳只占很少的比例。因此,增加黄土坡面植被覆盖度是控制产流、产沙量和有机碳流失的重要途径。  相似文献   

7.
赤峰市小流域地形因子对土壤有机碳密度的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为研究地形因子对土壤有机碳密度的影响,选择内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗黄花甸子流域为研究对象,运用地统计学和ArcGIS空间分析工具相结合的方法,根据流域DEM数据提取流域高程、坡度、坡向信息,并将其划分等级与克里格插值得到的流域土壤有机碳密度分布图进行叠加,建立地形因子的碳密度数据库,从而分析不同高程、坡度、坡向下土壤有机碳密度的变化情况。结果表明,地形因子对土壤有机碳密度的影响由高到低为高程>坡度>坡向。高程与坡度对土壤有机碳密度的影响较大,对土壤有机碳密度的影响均呈现抛物线走势,随高程与坡度的增加土壤有机碳密度表现为先升高后下降,并分别在600650 m高程范围和5°650 m高程范围和5°10°坡度范围内达到最大值;坡向对土壤有机碳密度的影响由低到高为阳坡<阴坡<半阴坡<半阳坡。  相似文献   

8.
江苏表层土壤有机碳密度和储量估算和空间分布分析   总被引:20,自引:2,他引:20  
基于1:50万的江苏土壤图和江苏土壤的数据,运用地理信息系统技术,对江苏表层土壤有机碳密度及储量做出估算,并且分析了土壤有机碳密度的空间分布差异。结果表明:土壤有机碳密度介于4.2kgm-2到20.32kgm-2之间,土壤有机碳储量为673892.8×106kg;土壤有机碳密度具有高度的空间变异性,兴化、南通和无锡的有机碳密度最高,沿海地区的有机碳密度比较高,最低的为淮阴及其附近地区。  相似文献   

9.
李龙  秦富仓  姜丽娜  姚雪玲  王晓军 《土壤》2019,51(2):406-412
以内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗为研究对象,以实地调查数据为基础,结合土地利用方式与地形的变化,对敖汉旗0~100 cm深度土壤有机碳含量的空间分布特征进行了研究,旨在对地区碳储量的估算和科学利用土地资源起到积极的借鉴作用。结果表明,敖汉旗土壤有机碳含量在0~100 cm深度的土壤剖面内的变化范围为0.23~20.71 g/kg,主要集中在40 cm以上土层,且随着土层深度的增加土壤有机碳平均含量逐渐降低;各土地利用方式下土壤有机碳含量均表现为:林地农地草地。土壤有机碳含量主要富集在高海拔区的平缓地段;受土壤侵蚀的影响,当坡度10°后,不同土地利用类型的有机碳含量均显著降低。  相似文献   

10.
几种人工林土壤有机碳和养分研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
对中亚热带柳杉林、银杏林和楠木林3种人工林地进行分层采样分析,研究了土壤有机碳状况和养分含量(有机质、全氮、全磷及全钾等)及其垂直分布规律。结果表明:3种林地SOC含量分别为12.26gkg-1,12.40gkg-1和9.33gkg-1,SOC密度分别为15.59kgm-2,15.20kgm-2和8.11kgm-2。3种林地有机碳贮存水平差异较大。SOC含量和密度的剖面垂直分布都表现为随土壤深度增加而减小。3种林地养分含量较高,肥力表现好,有利于人工林的可持续经营。土壤有机质和全N随土层深度增加而减小。  相似文献   

11.
    
During the last few decades, land use changes have largely affected the global warming process through emissions of CO2. However, C sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems could contribute to the decrease of atmospheric CO2 rates. Although Mediterranean areas show a high potential for C sequestration, only a few studies have been carried out in these systems. In this study, we propose a methodology to assess the impact of land use and land cover change dynamics on soil organic C stocks at different depths. Soil C sequestration rates are provided for different land cover changes and soil types in Andalusia (southern Spain). Our research is based on the analysis of detailed soil databases containing data from 1357 soil profiles, the Soil Map of Andalusia and the Land Use and Land Cover Map of Andalusia. Land use and land cover changes between 1956 and 2007 implied soil organic C losses in all soil groups, resulting in a total loss of 16·8 Tg (approximately 0·33 Tg y−1). Afforestation increased soil organic C mostly in the topsoil, and forest contributed to sequestration of 8·62 Mg ha−1 of soil organic C (25·4 per cent). Deforestation processes implied important C losses, particularly in Cambisols, Luvisols and Vertisols. The information generated in this study will be a useful basis for designing management strategies for stabilizing the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations by preservation of C stocks and C sequestration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

12.
Carbon(C) is a key constitutive element in living organisms(plants, microbes, animals, and humans). Carbon is also a basic component of agriculture because it plays a dynamic role in crop growth, development, nutrient cycling, soil fertility, and other agricultural features. The presence of C enhances soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. The C cycle supports all life on the Earth by transferring C between living organisms and the environment. The global climate is changing, and th...  相似文献   

13.
    
Innovation is required on many fronts in agriculture, not only to improve nutrient use efficiency but also to mitigate the effects of climate change. Our previous studies presented the high agronomic efficiency of an experimental phosphate fertilizer using a biochar-matrix, called ‘BioFert’. However, the efficiency of BioFert for soil carbon sequestration goals has not yet been evaluated. We incubated BioFert and initial raw sugarcane-biochar over 56 days in two soils (i.e., Ferralsol and Alisol) and measured the total CO2 and δ13C-CO2 to quantify the contribution of native soil organic matter, sugarcane-biochar, or BioFert to carbon mineralization. There was no significant difference in cumulative CO2 release between BioFert and the control (without carbon addition), and BioFert was less mineralized than carbon from sugarcane-biochar regardless of soil type. In addition, accelerated aging by thermal oxidation of these carbon sources revealed that more than 80% of BioFert-carbon was prevented from accelerated mineralization, while sugarcane-biochar achieved ~80% of carbon mineralization. The residual solids after oxidation were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and indicated aliphatic/aromatic and carboxylic chemical bonds on the BioFert surface, which might offer new cation exchange sites over time. We conclude that BioFert is not only a phosphate fertilizer with high phosphorus use efficiency but also a stable source of carbon for soil carbon sequestration purposes.  相似文献   

14.
    
Land use significantly affects soil biological fertility through impacts on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. The present study investigated the effects of long-term rice cultivation after tidal flat reclamation on soil C and N metabolism, microbial biomass and biological fertility. Eighteen composite topsoil (0–20 cm) samples were identified in a chronosequence of coastal reclamation areas (0–700 years old) in subtropical monsoon climate zone, namely tidal flat (T0), salt marsh soil (S10) and paddy soil (P50, P100, P300 and P700). Using ANOVA analysis, mono-exponential regression model, and multiple linear regressions, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), cumulative C mineralization content (Ct) and N mineralization content (Nt), basal soil respiration (BSR) and microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN) in the P50-P700 samples were significantly higher than those in the T0 and S10 samples, whereas C metabolic quotients (qCO2) in the P50-P700 were significantly lower than those in the T0 and S10 samples. The time to steady state for SOM and TN are 357 years and 80 years, respectively; 133 and 221 years for Ct and Nt, respectively; and 318 and 183 years for MBC and MBN, respectively. Also, a soil biological fertility index (SBFI) was calculated on the basis of SOM, BSR, Ct, MBC, qCO2 and qCM. P100-P300 samples had the highest SBFI score (28.7) and ranked in the class V (very high) of biological fertility, achieving steady-state conditions after 146 years. SBFI was significantly positively correlated with SOM, TN, MBC, MBN, BSR, Ct and Nt, whereas it was significantly negatively correlated with pH, qCO2 and C mineralization quotient (qCM). MBC and qCM were two independent variables with considerable positive effects on SBFI. Long-term rice cultivation could facilitate C and N accumulation and enhance biological fertility in soils via microbial activity, especially within 300 years. Our findings demonstrate that rice cultivation has the potential to enhance soil C and N accumulation. Carbon-related SBFI is suitable for assessing soils under long-term rice cultivation, mainly because the rice paddy field is an intensive and conservative system.  相似文献   

15.
    
Building up stocks of agricultural soil organic carbon (SOC) can improve soil conditions as well as contribute to climate change mitigation. As a metric, the ratio of SOC to clay offers a better predictor of soil condition than SOC alone, potentially providing a benchmark for ecosystem service payments. We determined SOC:clay ratios for 50 fields in the North Devon UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve using 30 cm soil cores (divided into 0–10 cm and 10–30 cm depth samples), with soil bulk density, soil moisture and land-use history recorded for each field. All the arable soils exceeded the minimum desirable SOC:clay ratio threshold, and the ley grassland soils generally exceeded it but were inconsistent at 10–30 cm. Land use was the primary factor driving SOC:clay ratios at 0–10 cm, with permanent pasture fields having the highest ratios followed by ley grass and then arable fields. Approximately half of the fields sampled had potential for building up SOC stock at 10–30 cm. However, at this depth, the effect of land use is significantly reduced. Within-field variability in SOC and clay was low (coefficient of variation was ~10%) at both 0–10 cm and 10–30 cm, suggesting that SOC:clay ratios precisely characterized the fields. Due to the high SOC:clay ratios found, we conclude that there is limited opportunity to market additional carbon sequestration as an asset class in the North Devon Biosphere or similar areas. Instead, preserving existing SOC stocks would be a more suitable ecosystem service payment basis.  相似文献   

16.
通过对农作物干物质光合作用平衡式法以及林业碳汇测算方法,估算了嘉兴市域主要农林业碳汇及其生态价值,分析了嘉兴市过去50余年土地利用方式的变化对农林作物碳吸收量的影响。估算结果显示,嘉兴平原主要农作物年吸收CO2量达544.9万t,释放O2396.3万t。当地的农林业中,水稻吸收CO2和制氧量占到主要农林作物总量的50%以上,水稻单位面积固碳制氧效益在当地农作物中也是最大的,而且水田土壤的单位面积有机碳储存量达到50.41 t·hm-2·a -1,明显高于旱地土壤36.27 t·hm-2·a -1。过去50多年来,嘉兴平原土地利用方式发生了大幅变化,特别在近30年间耕地面积均减少了20%以上,农作物种植面积减少了1/3,水稻面积减少了60%,而城镇建设面积增加了3.3倍,虽然农作物单产在持续增长,但农作物面积缩减的影响占主导地位,导致了2011年农林植物吸持CO2量比1985年减少了21%。  相似文献   

17.
李雪 《水土保持通报》2016,36(3):136-140
[目的]分析土地利用变化对土壤有机碳分布的影响,为科学评估区域生态系统碳储量的变化提供依据。[方法]利用遥感影像获取滨海新区1979与2013年土地利用变化数据,针对不同土地利用类型均匀布设样点采集2013年表层土壤,试验监测土壤有机碳含量。结合第二次土壤调查数据,计算分析研究区1979—2013年土壤有机碳储量的变化及其空间分布变化。[结果]研究期内土地利用变化明显,耕地、滩涂、未利用地等土地利用类型大量转变为建设用地,同时土壤有机碳密度和储量均相应降低,其中土壤有机碳储量从1979年的1.23×107 t 减少到2013年的9.97×106 t 。[结论]随着人类对土地利用程度的加强,碳储量空间分布由高碳储量分布为主转变为低碳储量分布为主的碳储量分布格局。  相似文献   

18.
    
Managing soil carbon requires accurate estimates of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and its dynamics, at scales able to capture the influence of local factors on the carbon pool. This paper develops a spatially explicit methodology to quantify SOC stocks in two contrasting regions of Southern Spain: Sierra Norte de Sevilla (SN) and Cabo de Gata (CG). Also, it examines the relationship between SOC stocks and local environmental factors. Results showed that mean SOC stocks were 4·3 kg m−2 in SN and 3·0 kg m−2 in CG. Differences in SOC in both sites were not significant, suggesting that factors other than climate have a greater influence on SOC stocks. A correlation matrix revealed that SOC has the highest positive correlation with clay content and soil depth. Based on the land use, the largest SOC stocks were found in grassland soils (4·4 kg m−2 in CG and 5·0 kg m−2 in SN) and extensive crops (3·0 kg m−2 in CG and 5·0 kg m−2 in SN), and the smallest under shrubs (2·8 kg m−2 in CG and 3·2 kg m−2 in SN) and forests soils (4·2 kg m−2 in SN). This SOC distribution is explained by the greatest soil depth under agricultural land uses, a common situation across the Mediterranean, where the deepest soils have been cultivated and natural vegetation mostly remains along the marginal sites. Accordingly, strategies to manage SOC stocks in southern Spain will have to acknowledge its high pedodiversity and long history of land use, refusing the adoption of standard global strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

19.
    
Agricultural soils have accumulated phosphorus (P) and lost carbon (C) in the recent decades. Simultaneously, soil structure has been degraded by the large increase in machinery weight. High wheel loads compact the subsoil, resulting in reduced root growth, decreased yields, and hence decreased C inputs and P removals. To reduce the accumulated excess P stock, the P balance should be kept strongly negative for decades, which requires high biomass production. P accumulation in poorly yielding field parts has created local hotspots, often characterized by soil compaction and poor drainage. They may be only 1%–6% of the agricultural landscape area but present a high risk for waterbodies. Identifying and targeting these hotspots for P removal can be a key strategy for mitigating P emissions. Achieving the P removal is most likely to require soil loosening to repair the damage caused by compaction and use of cover crops to mine out the accumulated P. This soil improvement strategy can also be beneficial for C sequestration and crop productivity. This commentary highlights the current status and recent developments in the interactions between compaction, cover crops and P loss to provide a research basis for developing landscape-level strategies.  相似文献   

20.
    
The effect of soil management and land use change are of interest to the sustainable land management for improving the environment and advancing food security in developing countries. Both anthropogenic changes and natural processes affect agriculture primarily by altering soil quality. This paper reviews and synthesizes the available literatures related to the influence of soil management and land use changes on soil carbon (C) stock in Ethiopia. The review shows that topsoil C stock declines approximately 0–63%, 0–23%, and 17–83% upon land use conversion from forest to crop land, to open grazing, and to plantation, respectively. An increase of 1–3% in soil C stock was observed within 10 years of converting open grazed land to protected enclosures. However, there was a little change in soil C stock below 20 cm depth. There is a large potential of increasing SOC pool with adoption of land restorative measures. Total potential of soil C sequestration with the adoption of restoration measures ranges 0·066–2·2 Tg C y−1 on rain‐fed cropland and 4·2–10·5 Tg C y−1 on rangeland. Given large area and diverse ecological conditions in Ethiopia, research data available in published literature are rather scanty. Therefore, researchable priorities identified in this review are important. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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