硝铵比例影响小白菜生长和叶绿素含量的原因探究

采用溶液培养试验研究了不同NO3-∶NH4+比例,分别为5.00∶0.00、3.75∶1.25、2.50∶2.50、1.25∶3.75和0.00∶5.00(mmol/L)对小白菜生长和叶绿素含量的影响及其原因。结果表明,1)与纯硝营养相比,NO3-∶NH4+为3.75∶1.25(mmol/L)时,小白菜具有最大的生物量、叶面积和叶片细胞分裂素含量;2)SPAD值、叶片可溶性蛋白质和活性铁含量均随着铵态氮比例的增加而增加;3)叶片细胞分裂素含量与叶面积、叶面积与生物量间的相关显著,相关系数(r)分别为0.97、0.95(P0.05);SPAD值与叶片可溶性蛋白质以及和活性铁含量之间的相关系数(r)分别为0.99和0.97(P0.05)。适当提高铵态氮比例可以增加小白菜叶面积可能是因提高了叶片细胞分裂素含量从而促进其扩展,进而影响生物量;提高铵态氮比例可以提高叶绿素含量,与提高了叶片蛋白质和活性铁的含量有关。     

不同形态氮素比例对不同小白菜品种生物量和硝酸盐含量的影响

利用NO-3 N∶NH 4 N为 10 0∶0、5 0∶5 0和 0∶10 0三个硝铵配比的营养液对 12个不结球小白菜品种进行水培试验。结果表明 :不同的硝铵配比对不同品种小白菜的生物量、叶绿素SPAD值、硝酸盐积累量等有着显著的影响 ,同一氮源培养下不同的小白菜品种间也表现出显著的差异 ;12个小白菜品种叶绿素SPAD值随营养液中的NH 4 N比例的增加而升高 ,两者间存在着显著的正相关 ;单株生物量除亮白叶 1号和五月慢在全硝培养中生物量较其他两种配比大外 ,其他 10个品种均在 5 0∶5 0硝铵营养液中表现最好 ;供试的 12个小白菜品种中有 9个品种的硝酸盐积累量随着NH 4 N比例的增加而下降 ,表明适当地配施铵态氮较纯硝营养液能获得更好的产量、更高的叶绿素SPAD值和较低的硝酸盐积累量。     

弱光条件下增铵营养对小白菜产量和品质的影响

采用营养液培养、人工模拟弱光的方法,研究了营养液中提高铵态氮供应对小白菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:(1)与自然光强相比,弱光条件下小白菜产量大幅度降低,全硝营养的小白菜叶片硝酸盐和叶绿素含量分别增加了106%和23.3%,而可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别降低了7.0%和34%;(2)弱光条件下,与全硝营养相比,营养液中含有15%的铵态氮处理的小白菜增产56.6%,叶片硝酸盐含量下降29%,可溶性蛋白含量增加24%。因此,弱光条件下适当增加铵态氮可以显著提高小白菜产量,改善品质。     

缺铁胁迫对草莓幼苗光合特性及细胞器铁含量的影响

为了探讨缺铁胁迫对草莓（Fragaria ananassa Duch.）幼苗的光合特性及细胞器铁含量的影响,本研究选取4个草莓品种（红颜、 章姬、 甜查理、 童子一号）幼苗,采用溶液培养方法,设置Fe（Ⅱ）-EDTA浓度为0 mol/L、 110-4 mol/L两组处理,分别于处理后0、 4、 8、 12、 16 d对其叶绿素含量（SPAD）、 光合速率（Pn）、 叶绿体铁含量、 根系线粒体铁含量以及叶片铁含量、 根系铁含量、 生物量进行分析。结果表明,缺铁胁迫显著降低草莓幼苗叶绿素含量、 光合速率、 叶绿体铁含量、 叶片铁含量、 根系铁含量、 生物量,并且不同品种间差异达显著水平（P0.05）;缺铁胁迫对根系细胞线粒体铁含量影响较小。草莓的叶绿体铁含量与叶片铁含量、 叶片净光合速率和生物量呈极显著正相关（r=0.93**, r=0.87**, r= 0.72**）, 根系线粒体铁含量与叶片铁含量、 叶片净光合速率和生物量呈极显著正相关或显著正相关（r= 0.83**, r= 0.72**, r= 0.52*）。本试验条件下,供试草莓品种红颜受缺铁胁迫的影响大于其他3个品种。     

营养液pH和氮形态对小白菜生长、氮素吸收及品质的影响

采用温室水培方法,研究了营养液pH和氮形态对小白菜生长、品质和氮吸收的影响,以及pH对小白菜吸收各形态氮的影响机制。结果表明,在中性及微碱性条件下,硝铵混合氮源较硝态氮处理小白菜生物量差异不显著,但有利于提高可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量,降低硝酸盐含量。小白菜根系对不同形态氮吸收受营养液pH影响差异显著(P0.05),微酸性环境中吸收硝态氮较快,微碱性吸收铵态氮较快。小白菜根系对铵态氮的吸收速率大于硝态氮,但铵态氮吸收量较低。硝铵混合氮源处理中,小白菜地上部鲜重(y)与营养液pH值(x)的回归方程为y=-0.331x2+4.440x-10.660(r=0.944,P0.01),pH为6.7时小白菜生物量最大,较pH值为5.5,6.0,6.5分别高12.9%,4.1%,1.3%,表明通过调节营养液pH可以明显提高小白菜产量。     

弱光下提高铵态氮比例对小白菜生长的影响

通过水培实验研究了弱光下提高铵态氮比例对小白菜生长的影响。结果表明:(1)相对于自然光强,50%与25%自然光强下全硝培养的小白菜生物量、光合速率和叶片面积分别下降了63%、31%和13%与76%、33%和24%;(2)弱光降低了小白菜根系的总长度、表面积和体积,增加了根系平均直径,但三个光强间差异不显著;(3)50%自然光强下增加0.75 mmol L-1铵态氮使小白菜获得最大的生物量、光合速率和叶面积,三者分别增加了90%、12%和19%;25%自然光强下增加0.50 mmol L-1铵态氮时,三者的增加量最大,分别为33%、15%和27%;(4)弱光下适当地增铵可以显著地提高各项根系参数,促进根系生长。所以弱光通过降低小白菜的光合速率和叶面积从而抑制其生长,但是适当提高铵态氮比例可以缓解这种抑制作用达到增产的效果。     

小白菜适当增铵下硝酸盐累积机理研究

利用NO3--N/NH44+-N为100∶0和75∶25的营养液对两个硝酸盐累积能力显著不同的小白菜品种(上海青和亮白叶1号)进行培养,测定了小白菜叶片、叶柄及根系硝酸盐含量、硝态氮和铵态氮吸收量及各部位硝酸还原酶活性,以探讨适当增铵降低小白菜硝酸盐含量以及小白菜不同品种和不同器官累积硝酸盐能力差异的机理。结果表明,适当增铵使叶片、叶柄和根系硝酸盐含量分别降低了22%、15%和22%,而硝态氮吸收量则降低了7.5%。小白菜各器官硝酸盐含量为叶柄叶片根系。叶片硝酸还原酶活性分别是叶柄和根系的27和9倍,呈现叶片根系叶柄,叶片是硝态氮的主要还原器官。亮白叶1号叶片、叶柄及根系硝酸盐含量分别较上海青高3%、38%和34%,硝态氮吸收量仅较上海青高11%;而叶片、叶柄及根系硝酸还原酶活性则分别较后者降低44%、56%和38%。适当增铵减少硝态氮吸收量是增铵降低硝酸盐含量的主要原因。不同器官的功能与结构的不同决定其累积硝酸盐能力的不同;不同品种硝酸盐累积的差异取决于还原硝态氮能力的差异。     

叶面补铁对喀斯特土壤小白菜生长、土壤养分及微生物的影响

为探究喷施铁肥对喀斯特地区石灰性土壤上蔬菜生长以及微生物多样性的影响，利用盆栽试验，清水作为对照(CK)，研究了 0.05%硫酸亚铁(Y0)和有机铁肥(浓度梯度分别为0.05%、0.03%、0.025%、0.02%，记为 Y1、Y2、Y3、Y4)对小白菜生物量、叶片抗氧化酶、土壤养分及微生物的影响，结果表明:0.05%硫酸亚铁对小白菜的地上部生物量具有抑制作用，比对照减少了 14.16%，有机铁肥对小白菜的生物量表现出不同程度的促进，且 Y3、Y4处理增加显著，分别比对照增加了 54.26%和 57.86%。与对照相比，有机铁肥不同程度增加了叶片抗氧化酶活性，其中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)影响最大。除 Y3、Y4处理外，其余处理均增加了丙二醛(MDA)含量。随有机铁肥浓度的减小，土壤碱解氮、有效磷及速效钾含量均呈下降趋势，而有机质呈上升趋势，土壤养分在 Y4处理时有显著差异。Y4处理细菌、真菌及放线菌数量最高，分别为 4.27、0.85和 0.39 nmol·g -1，Y1处理最低，分别为1.18、0.20和 0.12 nmol·g -1。主成分分析表明，硫酸亚铁处理和有机铁肥处理之间土壤微生物群落结构有明显差异，Y0处理相对提高了革兰氏阴性菌(16∶1ω9c，18∶1ω7c)与放线菌(10Me17∶0，10Me18∶0)的丰度，Y3、Y4处理相对提高了革兰氏阳性菌(a17∶0，i18∶0)的丰度。通过对产量与多个因素的相关分析，结果表明小白菜产量与丙二醛呈显著负相关关系，与速效钾含量呈极显著负相关关系，而与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关关系，但与不同微生物之间无显著相关性。综合比较，喷施 0.02%有机铁肥对喀斯特地区小白菜产量及微生物多样性具有最佳效果，研究成果可为喀斯特岩溶地区生态农业发展提供参考。     

低浓度NaCl对水培韭菜生长、产量及品质的影响

NaCl一直以来被认为是一个胁迫因子,且是造成植物盐害的主要因素,而低浓度NaCl对植物生长不仅没有危害,反而具有促进植物生长,提高品质的作用。韭菜营养液水培作为一种新型的栽培方式,很好的解决了韭蛆等病虫的为害。为了探究低浓度NaCl添加到营养液中对韭菜生长、品质和产量的影响,试验设定了0 mmol·L-1(对照)、5 mmol·L-1、10 mmol·L-1、20 mmol·L-1、30 mmol·L-1 5个NaCl浓度,研究不同浓度NaCl处理下韭菜生长、生理和产量的变化。研究结果表明,韭菜的株高、假茎粗和叶长均以20 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理下最高,各处理的叶片数均多于对照,叶片宽度随着NaCl浓度的增加呈现下降趋势。低浓度NaCl增加了韭菜的光合色素含量,10 mmol·L-1处理下叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素a+b含量最高。NaCl处理能有效降低韭菜中硝酸盐的积累,各NaCl处理硝酸盐含量分别比对照下降12.42%、13.17%、15.16%和26.76%。Vc含量随添加NaCl浓度的增加表现出先上升后下降的趋势,其中各NaCl处理含量分别比对照高12.2%、12.8%、5.1%、-15.4%,可溶性糖与粗纤维均在10 mmol·L-1时达到最大值。产量以10 mmol·L-1处理最高,3茬产量及总产量分别比对照处理增加6.7%、6.6%、6.9%、6.7%。综合分析认为,韭菜营养液中添加10 mmol·L-1的NaCl,在促进韭菜生长,降低硝酸盐,改善品质和提高产量上综合表现最佳。     

螯合剂HIDS对亚适温下西葫芦幼苗的影响

以西葫芦品种‘农园1号’为实验材料,设置7个处理：适温处理（昼/夜25℃/16℃）,浇灌1/3倍山崎黄瓜配方营养液（CK）;亚适温处理（昼/夜16℃/8℃）,浇灌1/3倍山崎黄瓜配方营养液（TCK）;亚适温条件下分别用1/3倍山崎黄瓜配方营养液配成HIDS浓度为100、400、700、1000、1300mg·L−1的营养液浇灌（分别为T1、T2、T3、T4和T5处理）,西葫芦幼苗在人工气候室内培养18d后,分析添加HIDS对西葫芦幼苗生长指标,叶片渗透调节物质、MDA、抗氧化酶活性、光合特性及荧光参数的影响。结果表明：TCK处理西葫芦幼苗生长状况、抗氧化酶活性以及光合能力均比CK处理差。亚适温下不同浓度HIDS处理均可缓解亚适温对西葫芦幼苗生长的抑制,最适浓度为700mg·L−1（T3）,其单株叶面积、全株鲜重、干重、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量、POD、SOD、CAT活性比TCK处理显著提高,MDA含量显著降低;叶绿素总量以及净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度和气孔导度显著提高;叶片Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、Fv'/Fm'、ETR、qP升高,NPQ降低,可缓解亚适温对西葫芦光合器官造成的伤害。因此,添加适宜浓度的HIDS可通过促进西葫芦幼苗生物量积累及叶片中渗透调节物质的积累,减轻细胞膜脂过氧化程度,提高抗氧化酶活性和光合能力,以此提高西葫芦幼苗对亚适温的适应能力,以HIDS浓度为700mg·L−1时各指标最接近CK处理,缓解效果最好。     

贵州黄壤小白菜生长、品质、光合特性及氮素利用对新型肥料的响应

为探究不同新型肥料对贵州省酸性黄壤小白菜产量、品质、光合特性及肥料利用的影响,同时筛选出适合贵州黄壤施用的新型肥料产品,以贵州酸性黄壤为基础,通过盆栽试验设置对照(CK,不施氮肥)、西洋复合肥(常规施肥)、保水型功能性肥和稳定性缓释肥4个处理,研究了新型肥料对小白菜产量、品质、光合特性以及养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明:施用保水型功能性肥和稳定性缓释肥可显著增加小白菜播种后34 d的生物量,较常规施肥处理相比鲜重分别增加4.16%和22.28%,干重分别增加41.55%和62.35%;施用新型肥料还可以改善小白菜的营养品质,与常规施肥处理相比,保水型功能性肥可显著降低硝酸盐含量18.61%,而还原性糖、V_c和游离氨基酸含量分别增加25.74%、130.95%和16.91%;而稳定性缓释肥则使硝酸盐、还原糖和Vc含量分别提高26.68%、15.35%和50.00%,但是游离氨基酸含量则较常规施肥相比降低14.43%;而且新型肥料还增强了小白菜叶片的光合能力(净光合速率Pn、气孔导度gs、胞间CO_2浓度Ci以及蒸腾速率Tr),其中以稳定性缓释肥处理的小白菜光合能力最佳,且气孔因素是导致净光合速率增加的主要原因。施用新型肥料小白菜对氮素的吸收显著增加,氮肥利用效率显著提高,新型肥料处理的氮肥农学效率(AEN)、偏生产力(PFPN)、生理利用率(PE_N)和表观利用率(REN)平均分别为48.30 kg·kg~(-1)、59.85 kg·kg~(-1)、95.46 kg·kg~(-1)和52.79%,以稳定性缓释肥处理的氮肥利用效率最佳,尤其是氮肥表观利用率达66.66%。此外,相关性分析结果显示,小白菜产量与叶片净光合速率P_n、气孔导度g_s以及蒸腾速率T_r均呈显著正相关关系,说明提高小白菜叶片的气体交换参数P_n、g_s和T_r可以增加小白菜产量;同时小白菜叶片氮含量与氮肥生理利用率和氮肥表观利用率存在极显著相关性,r值分别为-0.937和0.978,表明增加小白菜叶片氮含量可以提高小白菜对氮肥的利用效率。综上所述,新型肥料对贵州酸性黄壤上小白菜的生物增产效应以及光合特性提高等效果显著,可为将来在贵州农业生产中推广应用提供参考和理论依据。     

NH4+-N/NO3--N比例对不同不结球小白菜品种的生长和部分生理指标的影响

The responses of three cultivars of Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.), one of the main vegetable crops in China, to different ratios of NH4+-N/NO3--N was investigated to find the optimal ratio of ammonium to nitrate for maximal growth and to explore ways of decreasing the nitrate content, increasing nitrogen use efficiency of Chinese cabbage, and determining distributions of nitrogen and carbon. Three cultivars of Chinese cabbage were hydroponically grown with three different NH4+-N/NO3--N ratios (0:100, 25:75 and 50:50). The optimal ratio of NH4+-N/NO3--N for maximal growth of Chinese cabbage was 25:75. The increase in the ratio of NH4+-N/NO3--N significantly decreased nitrate content in various tissues of Chinese cabbage in the order of petiole > leaf blade > root. The highest total nitrogen (N) content was found when the ratio of NH4+-N/NO3--N was 25:75, and N contents in plant tissues were significantly different, mostly being in the order of leaf blade > petiole > root. At the NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio of 25:75, the biomasses of Chinese cabbage cultivars 'Shanghaiqing', 'Liangbaiye 1' and 'Kangre 605' increased by 47%, 14% and 27%, respectively. The biomass, SPAD chlorophyll meter readings and carbon content of 'Shanghaiqing' were all higher than those of 'Liangbaiye 1', while nitrate and total nitrogen contents were lower. Thus, partial replacement of nitrate by ammonium could improve vegetable production by both increasing yields and decreasing nitrate content of the plants.     

SALINITY AND AMMONIUM/NITRATE INTERACTIONS ON TOMATO PLANT DEVELOPMENT,NUTRITION, AND METABOLITES

The interactions between NaCl and different NO₃ ^?NH₄ ⁺ ratios were investigated. Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown in a greenhouse, in 120L capacity containers filled with continuously aerated Hoagland nutrient solution. Treatments were added to observe the combined effect of two NaCl levels (30 and 60 mM) and three millimolar ratios of nitrate: ammonium (14:0, 12:2, 10:4) on growth, nutrition, and contents of chlorophyll and sugars. Saline treatments decreased growth, which was partly restored by NH₄ ⁺ treatment. The leaf mineral composition showed a marked effect of nitrogen (N) source, while salinity only affected NO₃ ^? concentration. Changing the NO₃ ^?:NH₄ ⁺ ratio from 14:0 to 12:2 and 10:4 produced progressive increases in the concentrations of iron (Fe), chlorophyll, and reducing sugars in leaves. Therefore, the deleterious effect of salinity on biomass production can be minimized by the use of nutrient solutions containing higher NH₄ ⁺ concentrations, since this seemed to be correlated with increases in nitrogen assimilation and the levels of Fe and chlorophyll.     

GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF M.26 EMLA APPLE ROOTSTOCK AS INFLUENCED BY TITANIUM FERTILIZATION

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different mode of titanium (Ti) fertilization on growth and nutrition by M.26 EMLA apple rootstock (Malus spp.) grown in three soils with diverse physical and chemical properties. Soils were taken from Warszawa, Grojec and Brzezna regions (fruit growing regions) of Poland. The experiment was carried out during 120 days in a greenhouse. The following treatments were applied: soil Ti fertilization at a rate of 2 and 4 mg Ti per plant and four- and eight-times Ti sprays at a rate of 0.5 mg Ti per plant in each spray. Titanium was applied as TiCl₄. Plants unfertilized with Ti served as control. Titanium sprays increased levels of this element in leaf and stem tissues. Soil Ti applications had no effect on Ti concentrations in plant tissues except plants grown in Warszawa soil where root tissue had higher Ti status compared to those of control plants. Foliar Ti applications enhanced plant dry matter and levels of phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in leaf tissues only in Brzezna soil. Leaves of plants sprayed with Ti grown in Brzezna soil were greener and had higher concentrations of Fe²⁺ and chlorophyll than those of control plants. These results suggest that the primary reason for higher biomass in plants sprayed with Ti was higher leaf Fe²⁺ level, which enhanced chlorophyll synthesis and uptake of P, Fe, Mn, and Zn.     

EFFECT OF NITROGEN APPLICATION ON GROWTH PARAMETERS,YIELD AND LEAF NITRATE CONTENT OF GREENHOUSE LETTUCE CULTIVATED DURING THREE SEASONS

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., cv. ‘Parris Island’) was grown hydroponically in autumn, winter and spring under five levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization. Plant biomass was highest in spring and lowest in autumn at N rates of 200 and 260 mg L^?1, respectively. Increasing N application correlated positively with rates of photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal carbon dioxide (CO₂) conductance and leaf chlorophyll concentration. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal CO₂ conductance, and chlorophyll a/b ratio were higher in spring than in autumn or winter. Nitrate concentrations within the leaves increased with increasing N application in all seasons. It is concluded that lettuce growth and yield is higher in spring than in winter or autumn due to enhanced photosynthesis thanks to increasingly favorable photoperiod. Regardless of season, high N rates promote yield but increase leaf nitrate concentrations. Therefore, for the production of healthy produce the recommended N rate should be based not just on yield but also on the nitrate content.     

ASSESSMENT OF NITROGEN NUTRITION OF WALNUT TREES USING FOLIAR ANALYSIS AND CHLOROPHYLL MEASUREMENTS

The response of walnut trees to nitrogen (N) availability was studied on 3-year-old pot-grown trees (Juglans major MJ209 L. Juglans regia L.) in a greenhouse and on 10-year-old field grown trees. The greenhouse pot trial included 5 N levels (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5 g N per plant), and the field trial compared walnut trees with or without N₂-fixing intercrops. In the greenhouse trial, the growth of both root and aerial parts was found to be significantly dependent on N availability. The deficiency treatment (0.25 g N/plant) reduced leaf and root dry weights to 30 and 54% of those of the sufficiency treatment (5 g N/plant) values. The analysis of the youngest fully expanded leaf after the end of shoot elongation period was a good indicator of the tree N nutrition level. Severe deficiency corresponded to leaf N contents below 17 g N kg^?1 DM (mean dry matter), light deficiency between 17 and 24, and maximum growth was obtained with 26 g N kg^?1 DM contents. Terminal leaflet chlorophyll measurements were linearly correlated with N concentration expressed on a leaf area basis (g N m^?2, r²=0.73 for greenhouse trees and r²=0.86 for field trees). The chlorophyll meter readings divided by the specific leaf weight were also correlated with N expressed on a weight basis (g N kg^?1 DM, r²=0.73 for greenhouse trees and r²=0.89 for field trees). However, these relationships were found to be dependent of environmental conditions and were different between greenhouse and field grown trees. Relative indices of chlorophyll measurements and of N concentrations were however consistent over the two sites. Chlorophyll meter measurements could therefore be a useful method to assess the N nutrition status of walnut trees at a low cost, provided that some reference trees with sufficient N nutrition are locally available.     

Mitigation of ammonium toxicity by silicon in tomato depends on the ammonium concentration

Ammonium toxicity in hydroponically grown crops can affect tomato development. However, it has been shown that the silicon (Si) attenuates ammonium toxicity in plants depending on the plant species, the stage of development and the ammonium concentration in the nutrient solution. Thus, in order to investigate how Si attenuates stress caused by ammonium in tomato, a study was carried out involving plants cultivated up to 40 days after seed germination using nutrient solutions containing ammonium concentrations (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8?mmol?L^?1), in the absence or presence of Si (1?mmol?L^?1). The accumulation and efficiency of nitrogen and Si use, as well as the concentrations of chlorophyll, carotenoids, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and growth parameters was assessed. At a concentration of 1?mmol?L^?1 ammonium, Si increases the accumulation of nitrogen and Si, the nitrogen use efficiency, the root area and dry biomass of the shoot. At concentrations of 1 and 2?mmol?L^?1 ammonium, Si increases the leaf area and root dry biomass, and in higher concentrations, there was no effect of Si after the supply of ammonium. It was observed that the addition of Si mitigates ammonium toxicity by 1?mmol?L^?1 ammonium, and we can recommend its use in the nutrient solution (Si?=?1?mmol?L^?1) to grow tomato cropsthat employs ammonium concentration of 1?mmol?L^?1.     

不同铵钾比对高铵下拟南芥地上部和根系生长的影响

钾在缓解植物铵毒害的过程中起着重要的作用。本文研究了高铵(30 mmol/L)条件下,不同铵钾比(7.5︰1和150︰1)对拟南芥(Col-0)主根、侧根以及地上部生长的影响。结果表明:30 mmol/L NH4+条件下,高铵钾比(150)处理显著加重了拟南芥铵毒害现象,地上部和根系生长所受的抑制作用更为明显并导致更严重的氧化胁迫。相比低铵钾比水平,在高铵处理下,高铵钾比使得拟南芥主根伸长量降低57.4%,侧根数量减少33.3%,而地上部鲜重减轻69.9%。DAB(3,3￠-二氨基联苯胺,3,3￠-diaminobenzidine)叶片染色结果表明,不加铵处理下,外源不同钾水平(0.2和4.0 mmol/L)对拟南芥叶片的氧化胁迫作用没有显著差异;而高铵处理下,相比低铵钾比处理,高铵钾比显著增加了叶片中过氧化氢的含量,加重了其氧化胁迫。伊文思蓝(Evans blue,EB)染色结果表明,不加铵处理下,外源不同钾水平对拟南芥地上部和根部的膜透性没有显著差异,而高铵处理下,高铵钾比显著增强了拟南芥地上部和根部的膜透性,表明其对细胞的伤害程度加重。可见,高铵抑制拟南芥根系和地上部生长,高铵钾比则会加重这种抑制,其原因除了高浓度钾能减少植物对铵的吸收外,可能与高铵钾比条件加剧了植物的氧化胁迫有关。因此,适宜的铵钾比在植物应对铵毒害的过程中发挥重要作用。