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1.
试验以2个大豆品种,3种施氮肥水平(N0:0 kg hm-2、N75:75 kg hm-2、N150:150 kg hm-2),对大豆生育期间土壤无机态氮(铵态氮、硝态氮)与植株硝态氮含量及变化规律加以研究,结果表明,土壤中无机态氮与大豆植株中硝态氮含量均呈下降趋势,三种施氮肥水平相比,除土壤铵态氮含量表现为N150N75N0,土壤硝态氮与植株硝态氮含量在各氮肥水平处理间未表现出明显的差异,并且大豆茎、叶柄中硝态氮含量与土壤中硝态氮含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.9316**;r=0.9355**),土壤铵态氮与土壤硝态氮含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.8746**,)可以用茎、叶柄中硝态氮含量来表征土壤无机态氮营养状况。  相似文献   

2.
我国西南喀斯特地区的石漠化问题已经严重制约了当地社会经济发展,揭示土壤养分变化规律对该区域生态系统适应性修复具有重要意义。以贵州省荔波县和普定县为研究区,通过野外采样和实验室分析,对西南喀斯特地区典型石漠化阶段土壤的铵态氮、硝态氮变异状况进行了研究。结果表明:(1)非石漠化的黑色石灰土中铵态氮、硝态氮的含量分别高达11.61和38.01mg·kg^-1.随着石漠化程度的加深,土壤中氮素含量逐渐减少。统计表明非石漠化土壤与轻度石漠化土壤铵态氮含量呈显著差异,硝态氮含量呈极显著差异。(2)土壤铵态氮含量表现为表土层高于心土层,而硝态氮在剖面中分布规律不一致。(3)土壤氮素含量随时间有明显变化。铵态氮和硝态氮含量均在7月达到峰值,然后呈现出下降趋势,至11月或翌年1月又逐渐增加。(4)土壤有机质与铵态氮和硝态氮含量呈一元二次线性相关,相关系数分别为0.7671和0.9493,均达到极显著水平;铵态氮和硝态氮含量也呈极显著的线性相关,相关系数为0.7743。喀斯特地区通过封山育林等措施增加有机质积累可提高土壤氮素含量,对防治石漠化具有重要意义。  相似文献   

3.
不同沟灌方式下玉米根区矿物氮迁移动态研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探索交替隔沟灌溉下玉米根区矿物氮分布规律, 通过遮雨棚内微区试验, 研究了常规沟灌、交替隔沟灌和固定隔沟灌3 种沟灌方式对玉米根区硝态氮、铵态氮迁移的影响。结果表明: 交替隔沟灌溉根区硝态氮等值线和常规沟灌相似, 沟内硝态氮含量基本沿垄的中心对称分布。固定隔沟灌溉的湿润沟内硝态氮含量小于干燥沟, 施氮后非灌水沟硝态氮保持较高水平。收获时交替隔沟灌溉的根区硝态氮残留量比常规灌溉略高。与硝态氮分布相比, 铵态氮在根区土壤中的含量很小, 3 种沟灌方式在沟和垄中的铵态氮含量没有明显差异。  相似文献   

4.
关中地区夏玉米全育期土壤速效养分时空分布规律   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
为了揭示关中地区土壤主要养分的动态变化规律,探明其时空有效性,在较为精确的时空尺度条件下研究了关中地区夏玉米生育期间0~100 cm范围土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、速效磷和速效钾的动态变化特征,结果表明:土壤硝态氮在0~100 cm范围内空间分布特征较为明显,在40~60 cm处为硝态氮累计峰值,第30~50 d范围为剖面上硝态氮快速耗竭期;土壤铵态氮在整个玉米生育期间空间变化梯度较时间变化梯度要小,变化趋势大致与硝态氮一致;土壤速效磷空间梯度变异明显,表现为从上至下速效磷含量递减,夏玉米生育期间土壤剖面速效磷几乎是同步递减;土壤速效钾则是时间变异特征比空间变异特征更显著,证明土壤剖面上速效钾变异过程具有相对较强的整体性,与钾素的移动能力较强有一定的关系。  相似文献   

5.
【目的】我国北方农业生产中氮肥过量施用现象较普遍,冬小麦?夏玉米轮作体系是当地主要种植方式。研究轮作体系氮肥减施对玉米产量、氮肥利用率、根系形态及根际中无机氮特征的影响,为集约化农业生产体系中氮肥合理施用提供支持。【方法】选择河北衡水潮土试验点冬小麦?夏玉米轮作体系,连续开展了三年田间试验,小麦收获后免耕播种夏玉米。冬小麦季设置N 0、180、225、300 kg/hm2四个氮肥用量处理,其夏玉米季相应氮肥用量依次设置为N 0、144、180和240 kg/hm2,为不施氮肥、减施40%、减施25%和习惯施氮量处理。分别在玉米生育期的苗期、大喇叭口期、灌浆期及收获期在处理小区随机选植株5株,测定玉米籽粒产量、地上部氮含量、氮累积量及根际土壤中无机氮等指标,利用WinRHIZO根系分析系统分析获取根长、直径等数据。【结果】与N240 处理相比,N144、N180处理连续三年的玉米籽粒产量、地上部含氮量与氮累积量、根系长度与直径、根际土壤硝态氮与铵态氮含量均未受到明显影响,而氮肥利用率显著提高,农田氮素表观损失降低。三季N0、N144和N180处理的夏玉米籽粒产量、非根际土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量出现下降。除2008年大喇叭口期之外,三季玉米所有生育时期中,施用氮肥处理的夏玉米根际土壤硝态氮含量明显低于非根际土壤。2008年玉米抽雄期,根际土壤中铵态氮含量显著高于非根际土壤,而在收获期,根际土壤铵态氮含量比非根际土壤明显降低。同一生育期,氮肥减施未明显降低根际土壤铵态氮含量。2008和2009年两季玉米籽粒产量均与大喇叭口期以后地上部氮累积量呈显著正相关,而2010年只与苗期和成熟期显著相关。2009年玉米根际硝态氮含量均与玉米产量呈正相关,生育后期呈极显著正相关关系,而除大喇叭口期非根际土壤硝态氮含量与玉米籽粒产量不相关外,其他生育期的非根际土壤硝态氮含量均与籽粒产量显著相关。【结论】在华北小麦–玉米轮作种植体系下,在土壤肥力水平较高地区,连续三年减氮 25% 甚至 40%,未显著改变夏玉米根系形态及根际无机氮供应水平,氮肥利用率显著提高,但非根际无机氮供应水平和籽粒产量有下降趋势。因此,在河北高肥力地区小麦?玉米轮作下短期减少氮肥用量可行,持续减施还需进一步研究。  相似文献   

6.
【目的】不同形态的氮素营养影响着烤烟的一些有机成分的含量和产量,本文对烤烟适宜的氮素形态以及比例进行研究,以期为南雄地区烤烟合理施氮提供理论依据。【方法】以烤烟品种粤烟98为研究材料,采用大田试验研究不同硝态氮和铵态氮配比,两个形态的配比设5个处理, 1)100%硝态氮(N1); 2)70%硝态氮+30%铵态氮(N2); 3)50%铵态氮+50%硝态氮(N3); 4)70%铵态氮+30%硝态氮(N4); 5)100%铵态氮(N5)。研究了五种不同铵态氮硝态氮配比下烤烟农艺性状、 产质量、 主要化学成分的表现。【结果】硝态氮比例高能够促进烤烟前期早发快长,但在生育后期,铵态氮和硝态氮配比对烤烟的农艺性状及产量影响差异不显著,对中上等及上等烟比例的差异性影响显著,其中,以50%铵态氮+50%硝态氮配比效果最好,比例达到了0.88和0.55; 从化学成分变化看,烤后叶片中总糖、 还原糖、 淀粉、 糖碱比、 钾离子、 果糖、 蔗糖及麦芽糖与硝态氮比例呈现极显著正相关,全氮、 烟碱、 氮碱比、 降烟碱、 假木贼碱及新烟碱的含量与与其成极显著负相关。对烤烟烤后烟叶化学质量量化综合评价发现,50%铵态氮+50%硝态氮分值最高为97.8,100%硝态氮分值最低为82.5。【结论】在施氮水平为150 kg/hm2的条件下50%铵态氮+50%硝态氮的配比对于提高广东南雄烟区紫色土上烟叶产质量和化学成分协调性上效果最佳。  相似文献   

7.
采用网室盆栽结合田间小区试验,研究了两种氮肥(尿素和硝酸铵)不同用量及其添加双氰胺对土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、土壤硝化细菌动态变化的影响,以及与空心菜、菠菜中硝酸盐、产量和品质关系。结果表明,2种氮肥不同用量都与空心菜的产量呈显著或极显著的二次曲线关系,与土壤铵态氮和硝态氮、以及蔬菜中硝酸盐含量呈正相关。不论施用尿素还是硝酸铵的处理,添加双氰胺都有利于提高蔬菜产量和维生素C、降低土壤中硝化细菌数量、减缓铵态氮的转化,从而减少蔬菜对硝酸盐的吸收。不论是减少土壤硝化细菌数量、减少土壤硝态氮含量、增加土壤铵态氮含量,还是减少菜体硝酸盐含量的效果上来看,在尿素中添加双氰胺处理的效果均好于在硝酸铵中添加双氰胺的处理,证实了双氰胺作为一种硝化抑制剂,能有效抑制硝化细菌数量,从而降低土壤硝态氮含量,最终导致降低菜体硝酸盐含量。  相似文献   

8.
秸秆覆盖对玉米和青花农田土壤面源污染负荷的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在滇池流域通过田间试验,研究稻草秸秆覆盖对玉米和青花农田地表径流流失量、地表径流中总氮(TN)、铵态氮、硝态氮、总磷(TP)及径流泥沙含量的削减。结果表明:(1)地表径流的大小与降雨量呈显著正相关。与未覆盖相比,在稻草秸秆覆盖下玉米地的地表径流量削减率为31.6%,径流中总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、总磷和泥沙含量的削减率达到16.9%~44.9%。(2)在稻草秸秆覆盖下青花地地表径流量削减率为35.4%,径流中总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、总磷和泥沙含量的削减率分别为35.8%~38.0%。(3)秸秆覆盖可显著增加玉米各部位和青花根中总氮含量、青花和玉米根部及果实中总磷含量。因此,秸秆覆盖能促进植物对氮、磷的吸收,减少地表径流及养分输出,可有效降低农田面源污染的输出。  相似文献   

9.
为探究富含多糖微生物菌液和化肥混合使用对植物吸收养分和控制土壤氮磷淋失的影响,采用油菜盆栽试验方法,把一定体积微生物菌液和不同量化肥进行混合灌溉油菜,油菜收获后,测定油菜和上下两层土壤的理化性质。结果表明,T5 处理(50 mL 微生物菌液,1.2 g 尿素和0.72 g 磷酸二氢钠混合加入到4.5 kg 土壤中)油菜生物量最大,油菜对氮、磷、钾具有较高同化吸收能力;随着化肥用量的增加,上层土壤有效磷含量增加缓慢,下层土壤有效磷含量与对照没有显著性差异,磷的垂直淋失风险较小;当化肥用量低于T5 处理用量时,上层土壤铵态氮含量高于对照,而土壤硝态氮含量低于对照,下层土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量与对照没有显著性差异,说明氮淋失量较小;化肥用量高于T5 处理用量时,与对照相比,上层土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量显著增加,下层硝态氮增加不显著,但是土壤铵态氮显著增加,提高了氮垂直淋失风险。加入微生物菌液可以活化土壤中的钾元素,有利于油菜对钾的吸收。研究表明,微生物菌液与适量化肥混合使用,有助于化肥减量和油菜不减产,不但对土壤氮、磷淋失具有一定抑制作用,还可促进油菜对土壤中钾的吸收。  相似文献   

10.
氮素形态和光照强度对烟草生长和H2O2清除酶活性的影响   总被引:46,自引:3,他引:43  
氮素形态和光照强度对烟草植株生长和H2O2清除酶活性影响的研究结果表明,在弱光下,氮素形态不影响植株生长,但在强光下,铵态氮明显抑制植株的生长。弱光下供应按态氮叶片叶绿素含量显著地高于供应硝态氮的叶片;而强光下供应铵态氮叶片单位鲜重叶绿素含量反而显著地低于供应硝态氮的叶片。强光下供应按态氮的叶片中MDA含量明显高于供应硝酸盐的叶片,但在弱光下则无明显的差异。供应硝态氮叶片中AsA含量高于供应铵态氮的叶片;但供应铵态氮叶片中DAsA含量高于供应硝态氮叶片,尤其是强光下其差异更大。光照强度的增加明显提高AsA-POD、MDAsA还原酶、DAsA还原酶和GSSG还原酶活性。强光下供应镀态氮叶片中AsA-POD和GSSG还原酶活性明显地高于供应硝态氮的叶片,而MDAsA还原酶活性则相反。弱光下供应铵态氮叶片AsA-POD和MDAsA还原酶活性明显高于供应硝态氮的叶片,而GSSG还原酶活性的差异则不显著。铵态氮不显著提高DAsA还原酶的活性。SOD和CAT活性在各处理之间差异不明显。增加光照强度和供应铵态氮都明显地提高AsA氧化酶活性。  相似文献   

11.
基于淮北平原自然降雨条件下2个连续汛期观测的降雨-径流试验数据,分析不同试验处理下农田地表产流规律和氮磷浓度及其构成,探讨地表径流氮磷浓度和流失量的时间变化过程及其分布差异。结果表明,当地农田地表径流氮磷浓度构成分别以颗粒态氮和可溶性磷为主,而可溶性氮中又以溶解性有机氮为主,且硝态氮是农田地表径流无机氮流失的主要成分。汛初7月不同土地利用方式下农田地表径流量及铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性氮磷和颗粒态氮磷的浓度及流失量间的差异相对较小,但8月期间的差异却明显增加,低秆高密度作物种植模式下的相应流失量最低。在淮北平原夏季种植黄豆、棉花等矮秆高密度作物,可起到有效减少地表径流氮磷流失量的作用,减缓因农业非点源污染对地表水体富营养化产生的潜在威胁。  相似文献   

12.
研究渭北旱地秸秆和绿肥还田土壤水分、养分的变化,对黄土高原旱区作物高产稳产有重要意义。以夏季裸地休闲为对照,研究免耕小麦秸秆还田和种植豆科绿肥及二者混合对渭北旱地冬小麦产量,播前、开花期和收获后土壤水分、硝态氮、铵态氮、有效磷和速效钾数量的影响。试验结果表明,秸秆还田和种植绿肥对冬小麦籽粒产量和生物量无影响;夏闲期种植绿肥和秸秆+绿肥处理使播前和开花期60—160cm土壤贮水减少;种植绿肥处理表层0-20cm土壤硝态氮在播前显著增加10.7kg·hm-2,收获期增加18.4kg·hm-2;开花期种植绿肥土壤有效磷提高43.4kg·hm-2,收获期有效磷数量仍较对照高24.4kg·hm-2;秸秆还田和种植绿肥对土壤铵态氮和速效钾没有显著影响。可见,一年秸秆还田和种植绿肥对冬小麦产量没有产生显著影响,种植绿肥降低了土壤贮水,但提高了表层土壤硝态氮和有效磷数量,不同栽培方式对土壤铵态氮和速效钾含量没有影响。  相似文献   

13.
Preliminary empirical nitrogen critical load exceedance maps for the UK have identified large areas of Wales where nitrogen deposition exceeds the nitrogen critical load, indicating that some ecosystems are at risk from eutrophication. This paper synthesises the monitoring and experimental work which have been carried out to collect evidence for exceedance in spruce plantations in the uplands and to investigate the implications for acidity and eutrophication in these areas. The results have conclusively demonstrated that current nitrogen deposition to mature Sitka spruce stands, planted on freely draining acid soils, is in excess of ecosystem requirements and results in elevated nitrate leaching losses. In contrast, stands with large biological sinks such as aggrading stands or stands with high denitrification potential have low ntirate leaching losses. The controls on the magnitude of leaching losses in the mature stands on this soil type are discussed within the context of two categories: (i) “nitrate saturated” stands which exhibit no retention of incoming nitrate-N but retain incoming ammonium-N as demonstrated in the Welsh NITREX experimental site and (ii) more nitrogen-rich stands which are saturated for both nitrate-N and ammonium-N and respond directly to incoming ammonium-N with immediate increases in nitrate production and thus nitrate leaching losses. There is little evidence for any adverse effects on tree growth or health in response to excess nitrogen deposition, however, tree growth in the most mature stands is now limited by phosphorus and potassium deficiency. The risk of a reduction in soil and stream water quality in acid sensitive areas of Wales due to the link between nitrate leaching and aluminium concentrations has also been confirmed. The results are discussed within the framework proposed by Aber et al. 1989 for the sequence of changes in ecosystem function which occur following long-term chronic nitrogen deposition.  相似文献   

14.
不同氮源与镁配施对甘蓝产量、品质和养分吸收的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法,研究不同氮源与镁配施对甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L.)产量、品质和养分吸收的影响。试验在等氮条件下设4个氮源,分别为不施氮肥、100%铵态氮、50%铵态氮+50%硝态氮、100%硝态氮;设4个硫酸镁施用量,分别为0、75 kg·hm-2、150 kg·hm-2、300 kg·hm-2。结果表明,100%硝态氮与中量(150 kg·hm-2)镁配施处理的甘蓝产量比不施肥处理、100%铵态氮与中量镁配施处理和50%铵态氮+50%硝态氮与中量镁配施处理分别增产56.9%、14.7%和5.2%。施用100%硝态氮处理的甘蓝产量略高于50%硝态氮+50%铵态氮处理,比施用100%铵态氮处理和不施肥处理分别增产13.0%和44.2%。施用低量(75kg·hm-2)镁肥的甘蓝产量比不施镁肥增产9.3%,而增加镁肥用量对甘蓝产量没有显著影响。施用100%硝态氮、50%铵态氮+50%硝态氮和100%铵态氮处理的甘蓝硝酸盐含量比不施氮肥处理分别增加84.4%、63.4%和6.9%。100%硝态氮与高量(300 kg·hm-2)镁肥配合施用的甘蓝硝酸盐含量比不施肥处理、100%铵态氮与高量镁肥配施处理和50%铵态氮+50%硝态氮与高镁肥配施处理分别增加101.4%、82.3%和14.1%。施用高量镁肥处理甘蓝硝酸盐含量比不施肥处理增加11.2%。随着硝态氮比例增加,甘蓝维生素C、还原糖、总氨基酸含量相应增加,镁肥施用量对甘蓝维生素C、还原糖、总氨基酸含量影响明显。随着硝态氮比例增加,甘蓝对磷、钾和钙吸收量显著增加;随着镁施用量增加,磷、钾和镁吸收量相应增加。不同氮源与镁肥相互作用对甘蓝维生素C含量,氮、磷、钾、钙和镁养分吸收均有明显的影响。本研究表明,50%硝态氮和50%铵态氮混合与适量镁肥配合施用,既能增加甘蓝产量,提高维生素C、还原糖和总氨基酸含量,又能减少硝酸盐含量,提高甘蓝品质。  相似文献   

15.
ABSTRACT

The potential for phosphorus (P) movement from poultry-litter amended soils into surface waters heightens the need to manage elevated P concentrations. Amending high P soils with aluminum (Al) rich drinking water treatment residue in a greenhouse study reduced water extractable P levels and induced P deficiency in container grown wheat. Objectives of the current investigation were to determine the effect of water treatment residue on grain yield, leaf and grain mineral nutrient concentrations in corn (Zea mays L.) grown under field conditions and to examine pH, water and Mehlich 3-extractable P, and 0.01 M calcium chloride extractable Al in the amended soils at two sites. Poultry litter was amended with 0, 5.6, and 11.2 Mg ha? 1 of water treatment residual and applied to two sites prior to planting with corn in 1998. Additional rates (16.8 and 33.6 Mg ha? 1) of water treatment residue were applied directly to half of each plot on site I in 1999. Results indicated that water treatment residue application did not adversely affect corn grain yields or alter concentrations of mineral nutrients in leaves and grain. Water and Mehlich 3-extractable P and calcium chloride extractable Al concentrations were unchanged with water treatment residue applications in both years on both sites. Further studies are needed concerning optimal annual dosages and long term loading rates for direct soil application of water treatment residue to reduce soluble phosphorus.  相似文献   

16.
滴灌点源施肥灌溉对土壤氮素分布影响的试验研究   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16  
利用室内试验,研究了点源施肥灌溉条件下硝态氮和铵态氮的分布规律。试验土壤为砂壤土,滴头流量的变化范围为0.6~7.8L/h、灌水量为6~15L、肥液(NH4NO3)浓度为100~700mg/L。销态氮在距滴头17.5cm范围内呈均匀分布,其浓度随肥液浓度的增加而增加;在湿润边界上硝态氮产生累积;肥液浓度是影响硝态氮分布的主要因子。在距滴头15cm范围内,滴头流量和灌水量对土壤中硝态氮分布的影响不明显,在此范围以外,随滴头流量的增大或灌水量的减小,硝态氮浓度增加。铵态氮浓度在滴头附近出现高锋值,肥液浓度越高,锋值越大,且施肥灌溉对铵态氮分布的影响范围较小,一般在距滴头10cm范围以内  相似文献   

17.
Soil sampling may be used as a decision-making tool for late-vegetative stage nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in corn (Zea mays L.). Recommended sampling strategies following banded fertilizer applications commonly suggest taking cores from both on the fertilizer band (B) and off the band (O-B), however we hypothesized that soil nitrate concentrations (NO3?ppm) in the O-B were not influenced by N application rate. Analyzing samples from six experiments, we found there was a strong relationship between NO3?ppm and applied N rate in the B, but not the O-B position. Power analysis revealed that finding significant differences in applied N rates was only likely when sampling on the B and the difference in N rate was greater than 110 kg N ha?1. This demonstrates that soil N sampling is not sensitive to small differences in applied N, and that O-B soil cores may only dilute the ability to detect these differences.

Abbreviations: B, on N fertilizer band; O-B, halfway between the corn row and the N fertilizer band; NO3?ppm, log-transformed nitrate-N concentration (ppm); NH4+ppm; ammonium-N concentration (ppm); D1, 0–30 cm depth; D2, 30–60 cm depth; C-220, contrast of N rates differing by 220 kg N ha?1; C-110, contrast of N rates differing by 110 kg N ha?1; C-55H, contrast of N rates differing by 55 kg N ha?1 at high N rates; C-55L, contrast of N rates differing by 55 kg N ha?1 at low N rates; A:N, ratio of non-transformed ammonium-N to nitrate-N concentrations; 0N, unfertilized treatment; CV, coefficient of variation; SE, standard error.  相似文献   

18.
Crop residue and fertilizer management practices alter some soil properties, but the magnitude of change depends on soil type and climatic conditions. Field experiments with mainly barley (and canola, wheat, triticale, or pea in a few years) under conventional tillage were conducted from 1983 to 2009 at Breton (Gray Luvisol (Typic Haplocryalf) loam) and Ellerslie (Black Chernozem (Albic Argicryoll) clay loam), Alberta, Canada, to determine the effects of straw management (straw removed (S Rem) and straw retained (S Ret)) and N fertilizer rate (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N ha−1) on total organic C (TOC) and N (TON), light fraction organic C (LFOC), and N (LFON) in the 0–7.5 and 7.5–15 cm, pH in the 0–7.5, 7.5–15, and 15–20 cm and extractable P, ammonium-N, and nitrate-N in the 0–15, 15–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm soil layers. The S Ret and N fertilizer treatments usually had higher mass of TOC, TON, LFOC, and LFON in soil at Breton, but only of LFOC and LFON in soil at Ellerslie compared with the corresponding S Rem and zero-N control treatments. The responses of soil organic C and N to management practices were more pronounced for N fertilization than straw management. There were significant correlations among most soil organic C or N fractions, especially at Breton. Linear regressions between crop residue C or N input, or rate of fertilizer N applied and soil organic C or N were significant in most cases at Breton, but only for LFOC and LFON at Ellerslie. At Breton, compared with zero-N rate, the C sequestration efficiency of additional crop residue C input was 5.8%, 20.1%, and 20.4% in S Ret and 17.2%, 28.0%, and 30.1% in S Rem treatments at the 25, 50, and 75 kg N ha−1 rates, respectively. The effects of crop residue management and N fertilization on chemical properties were generally similar for both contrasting soil types. There was no effect of crop residue management on soil pH, extractable P and residual nitrate-N. Extractable P and pH in the top 0–15 cm soil decreased significantly with N application in both soil types. Residual nitrate-N (though quite low in Breton soil) increased with application of N and also indicated some downward movement in the soil profile up to 90 cm depth in Ellerslie soil. There was generally no effect of any treatment on ammonium-N in soil. In conclusion, straw retention and N application improved organic C and N in soil, and generally differences were more pronounced for light fraction than total organic C and N, and between the most extreme treatments (S Rem0 vs. S Ret75). Application of N fertilizer reduced extractable P and pH in the surface soil, and showed accumulation and downward leaching of nitrate-N in the soil profile.  相似文献   

19.
氮、磷肥对杉木幼苗生物量及养分分配的影响   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
采用盆栽试验,研究了不同氮、 磷肥对杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)幼苗生物量及养分分配的影响。结果表明,供磷可促进杉木幼苗植株和各器官生物量的增加,并影响叶、 茎、 根生物量的分配比例,氮、 磷处理幼苗叶生物量占全株生物量的45% 以上, 施氮反而降低杉木叶、 茎、 根的生物量; 施氮显著增加根和叶的氮含量,而显著降低根和叶的磷含量,对茎的氮、 磷含量没有明显影响; 施磷显著降低叶、 茎、 根的氮含量,叶、 茎、 根的磷含量随供磷水平的增加而逐渐增加。氮磷配施显著影响叶、 茎、 根的氮、 磷含量和氮、 磷累积量。叶片是主要的氮、 磷养分存储器官。氮(或磷)水平的增加可降低杉木幼苗的磷(或氮)利用效率,提高氮(或磷)的利用效率; 氮、 磷肥显著影响杉木幼苗叶、 茎、 根的N/P比。研究结果说明,氮、 磷肥增加了杉木幼苗各器官生物量和氮、 磷含量,影响了幼苗的养分分配和营养平衡。  相似文献   

20.
Corn and wheat plants were grown in a nutrient culture solution at four levels of phosphorus (0,0.12,0.60 and 3.0mmol L^-1) and two levels of cadmium(0 and 4.0umol L^-1) in greenhouse for a 18-day period.The concentrations of phosphorus and cadmium in cell wall,cytoplasm and vacuoles of roots and leaves were examined by cell fractionation techniques.With increasing phosphorus in medium,the contents of P in cell wall,cytoplasm and vacuoles of corn and wheat roots and leaves increased.The highest content of P was observed in cell wall,next in vacuoles,and the lowest in cytoplasm.The wheat subcellular fractions in both roots and leaves hab higher concentrations of phosphorus than those of corn.Increasing phosphorus in medium significantly inhibited the intracellular Cd accumulation in both species,However,at P concentration up to 3.0mmol L^-1,the Cd content in cell wall was increased.Increasing phosphorus resulted in reduction of the subcellular Cd content in cell wall was increased.Increasing phosphorus resulted in reduction of the subcellualr Cd content in corn and wheat leaves.Compared with corn,the wheat roots had a higher Cd content in the cell wall and vacuoles and a lower in cytoplasm,while in leaf subcellular fractions the wheat cell had a higher Cd content in its vacuoles and a lower one in its cytoplasm,The results indicate that phosphorus may be involved in sequestration of Cd ionic activity in both cell wall and vaculoes by forming insoluble Cd phosphate.  相似文献   

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