恶臭假单胞菌P861(Gus)在油菜根部定殖的生态研究

本研究采用Gus 基因标记技术和常规方法跟踪考察了恶臭假单胞菌P861(Gus) 在缩影系统油菜根圈的定殖情况,以及缩影系统内土壤类型、土壤含水量对根部定殖的影响。土壤含水量分别为60% FC和75% FC时,P861(Gus) 在砂姜黑土中的定殖水平高于50% FC的,不但能散布至种子下8cm 以内的根段部位,且定殖水平分别为7.5102和2.8103cfug-1。在灰潮土缩影中,P861(Gus) 在油菜根圈的定殖动态表现为在油菜播种后3 ～6 天,定殖密度可达最高水平(5.5106cfug-1) ,然后急速下降,最后保持在一个相对稳定的较低水平(7.6102cfug-1) 。P861(Gus) 在不同根段部位的定殖密度并无从上到下逐渐递减的规律。     

GFP标记的植物促生菌B96-Ⅱ-gfp的定殖能力研究

采用绿色荧光蛋白基因标记技术研究了植物促生菌B96-Ⅱ的标记菌B96-Ⅱ-gfp在盆栽黄瓜土壤中的时间、空间定殖动态以及在黄瓜植株上的分布。研究表明: B96-Ⅱ-gfp在土壤中具有持久的定殖能力, 接种180 d时在自然土和黄瓜枯萎菌病土中的定殖数量分别为2.7×10⁴ cfu·g^-1和6.6×10⁴ cfu·g^-1, 360 d时在土壤中仍可检测到B96-Ⅱ-gfp的存在。B96-Ⅱ-gfp可在盆栽植株生长土壤的表层(0~4 cm)、中层(4~8 cm)和底层(8~12 cm)定殖, 定殖数量随土壤深度的增加而增加。此外, B96-Ⅱ-gfp还可在黄瓜的根、茎和叶上定殖, 根部定殖的数量(7.2×10⁴ cfu·g^-1)显著高于茎部和叶部定殖的数量; 黄瓜植株体内定殖的数量多于体表定殖的数量。对土壤中可培养的3大微生物类群影响的研究表明: B96-Ⅱ-gfp对土壤中真菌数量具有显著抑制作用, 而对细菌和放线菌数量则没有明显影响。防病促生试验表明: B96-Ⅱ-gfp可增加黄瓜株高、鲜重和干重, 对黄瓜枯萎病有一定的防治效果, 且与未标记菌株B96-Ⅱ的防病促生作用无显著差异。     

作物轮作对土壤中烟草青枯菌数量及发病的影响

为查明春烟换茬后青枯菌在土壤中的消长规律, 采用接种耐药性青枯菌的盆土种植烟草, 烟草枯死后种植不同轮作作物的方法, 研究不同作物对土壤中青枯菌数量及其越冬状况的影响。设茄子、大豆、花生、甘薯、大蒜、玉米、晚稻和双季稻8 个轮作物处理, 后作生长期间定期取样, 用含利福平的选择性培养基检测样品中的青枯菌数量。结果表明, 栽后第4 周起秋茄子和秋大豆根中皆测出青枯菌, 秋茄子根达10⁶ cfu·g^-1;晚稻和秋花生根只第2 周和第8 周测出带菌。秋茄子、秋大豆、秋花生和晚甘薯生长期间土壤皆测出青枯菌,数量先降后升至10⁴~10⁶ cfu·g^-1; 晚稻和秋玉米土壤中青枯菌数量持续下降; 大蒜处理先测出带菌后未测到。冬季对水稻残桩青枯菌数量监测显示, 稻桩根和土壤中青枯菌数量先后出现峰值, 分别达1.00×10⁵ cfu·g^-1 和5.17×10⁴ cfu·g^-1; 发现病菌能在稻根变黑腐烂时增殖。翌年春季从茄子、大豆、花生和甘薯茬口土壤中测出遗留青枯菌数量皆达10⁴ cfu·g^-1, 玉米为10³ cfu·g^-1。烟草移栽后青枯病调查表明, 不同处理发病迟早取决于茬口土壤中菌源数量, 两者相关系数r 为0.908 9。不同茬口土壤发病轻重有显著差异, 茄子茬土发病最重,病情指数100, 大豆和大蒜茬土发病略重于花生、甘薯和玉米茬土; 晚稻茬土发病最轻, 病情指数16.7, 与茄子茬土相比发病期推迟20 d, 病情指数下降83.3%; 双季稻茬土未见发病, 证明烟稻轮作对青枯病有较好的控制效果。     

巨大芽孢杆菌在油菜根部定殖和促生作用的研究

采用基因标记技术和常规方法跟踪巨大芽孢杆菌A6 (gusA)在缩影系统油菜根际的定殖情况。A6 (gusA)菌在油菜不同根段部位的定殖密度表现从上到下逐渐递减的现象。随着接种后时间的延长而逐渐下降。在根段 8cm以外的根区几乎检测不到接种菌。在油菜播种后 3d ,定殖密度可达最高水平 (8 7×10 5cfug-1根 ) ,然后急速下降 ,30d后保持相对稳定的较低水平 (2 2× 10 2 cfug-1根 )。在促生试验中 ,表现在不同程度上增加植株干重、全氮、全磷和全钾的含量     

施磷对玉米吸磷量、产量和土壤磷含量的影响及其相关性

为了给玉米磷高效利用提供理论依据, 在低磷土壤(Olsen-P 4.9 mg·kg^-1)上, 通过田间试验, 研究了施磷0(T₀)、50 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2(T₁)、100 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2(T₂)、200 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2(T₃)、1 000 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2(T₄)对两个玉米品种"鲁单9002" (LD9002)、"先玉335"(XY335)的产量、磷素吸收利用及根际磷动态变化的影响。结果表明: 两玉米品种根际土、非根际土速效磷含量在不同生育时期都表现为T12O₅)·hm^-2的T₃处理非根际土转化为根际土土壤磷的量最大, 同时玉米生物量、产量、磷转移量也达到最高, 而施磷1 000 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2处理玉米生物量、产量与中磷水平相比没有显著增加, 但植株吸磷量较高。XY335的花后磷转移量小于LD9002。相关分析表明, LD9002根际土、非根际土速效磷含量与茎、叶吸磷量之间显著相关, 以播种后79 d与茎、叶磷浓度、吸磷量、生物量、产量之间的相关系数最高; 而XY335根际土、非根际土速效磷含量与茎、叶磷浓度之间显著相关, 在播种后47 d期间与茎、叶磷浓度、吸磷量、生物量、产量之间的相关性最好。因此, 在低磷土壤上, LD9002和XY335分别在播种后79 d和47 d时是植株对磷的敏感期, 可以通过测试根际土、非根际土速效磷含量来反映土壤的供磷状况; LD9002在79 d时最大吸磷量需要的根际土、非根际土速效磷含量分别为54.95 mg·kg^-1、32.99 mg·kg^-1, XY335品种在47 d时最大吸磷量需要的根际土、非根际土速效磷含量分别为51.24 mg·kg^-1、35.35 mg·kg^-1; 施磷量1 000 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2处理两品种玉米产量、生物量、磷积累量与施磷量100~200 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2处理没有显著差异。     

Hydraulic Resistance and Capacitance in the Soil-Plant System

In this paper, the hydraulic resistances and capacitances were evaluated. based on the development of non-(?) model of water flow in the soil-plant system and the simulating experiment work.The results show that the mean hydraulic resistance in the soil-plant system is 6.79×10⁹ MPa·S·m^-3; the mean hydraulic capacitance in the system is 5.2×107m³·MPa^-1. In the components of hydraulic capacitance in the system, the capacitance in soil (81.8×10^-6m³·MPa ) is the biggest and its variability with suii water potential is extremely strong, the capacitance in plant (5.3×10^-7m³·MPa^-1) is much smaller than that in soil, and the capacitance in shoots (15.5×10^-7m³·2MPa^-1) is bigger than that in roots (8.4×10-7m³·2MPa^-1). An interesting result is that the capacitance in plant is almost equivalent to that in the soil-plant system.     

缓释肥对紫色土油菜生长和养分吸收利用的影响

分析缓释专用配方肥与当地常用肥对油菜生物量、氮磷钾养分吸收利用及其在土壤中累积的影响，为油菜节肥高效生产提供依据。通过大田试验，以油菜品种三峡油5号为试验材料，设置6种施肥处理：以不施肥（F₀）和常规施肥(F_c)为对照处理，缓释专用配方肥设置4种施肥水平(F₃₇₅: 375 kg·hm^-2，F₅₂₅: 525 kg·hm^-2，F₆₇₅: 675 kg·hm^-2，F₈₂₅: 825 kg·hm^-2)。结果表明，不同施用量的缓释专用肥料对油菜产量、单株有效角果数以F₆₇₅处理最大，F₈₂₅处理次之，F₃₇₅处理最小，其分别较F_c 处理增产43.54%、36.82%、13.88%；施用缓释专用配方肥油菜氮养分损失率从F_c处理的78.30%降低至53.97% ~ 73.66%；磷养分损失率从F_c处理的56.65%降低至20.53% ~ 46.13%；施用缓释专用肥料油菜收获期根区土壤全氮、全磷与全钾含量从F_c处理的0.651 0 g·kg^-1、0.404 4 g·kg^-1与20.74 g·kg^-1上升至0.661 7 ~0.691 4 g·kg^-1、0.407 2~0.496 0 g·kg^-1与28.96~29.50 g·kg^-1。施肥大幅增加油菜生物量，缓释专用配方肥的施用不仅利于提升肥料利用率，同时使得根区土壤养分含量变化较小，结合农业可持续发展，实际生产应该施用缓释专用肥。     

番茄枯萎病对植株维管束危害及抗氧化系统影响的研究

为了在早期诊断和确定番茄枯萎病的发生, 本文采用溶液培养方法研究了番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Miller)幼苗剪根接种不同浓度枯萎病菌后染病植株维管束受害程度和抗氧化系统的响应。试验设4个病原菌梯度处理, B1(10⁴ cfu·mL^-1)、B2(10⁶ cfu·mL^-1)、B3(10⁷ cfu·mL^-1)、B4(10⁸ cfu·mL^-1), 以不接病原菌为对照; 分别在接种病原菌后4 d、8 d、12 d、16 d、20 d测定维管束褐变情况和抗氧化系统的变化。结果表明, 在水培条件下, 接种病原菌16 d植株维管束出现褐变, 其受害程度随病原菌接种浓度提高而增大; 维管束中病原菌只在B4处理中有检出。番茄叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量随接种时间呈先降后升趋势, 12 d开始逐渐上升, 20 d达到最高, 各接菌处理均显著高于对照, 且B4处理显著高于其他处理; 过氧化物酶(POD)活性先缓慢下降, 12 d后回升, B4则急剧上升; 多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性逐渐上升, 接菌16 d时达到高峰; 随接菌浓度的提高, MDA含量、POD和PPO活性均有所增加, 尤以接菌浓度为10⁸ cfu·mL^-1时3种指标显著高于其他处理, 分别是未接菌植株的13.1倍、12.9倍和1.9倍; 而培养时间对番茄叶片中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响没有明显规律, 对照菌株CAT活性显著高于各接菌处理, 说明CAT活性对番茄枯萎病病原菌没有响应。本研究结果表明, 结合番茄茎的维管束褐变现象, 认为番茄叶片中MDA含量、POD和PPO活性可作为早期判断番茄是否感染枯萎病的重要指标。     

油菜内根圈中几类微生物群体量比较的研究

本文报道了2种土壤及其种植的油菜内根圈中几类微生物群体数量的测定结果，提出以好气性细菌总数为参照系的比较方法，分析油菜内根同的根圈效应。油菜内根圈对芽孢杆菌（Spore-formingbacteria）和真菌（Fungus）有强烈的抑制效应，其在2种土壤的E值均小于0.15;相对于好气性细菌总数（Totalaerobacteria）而言，2种土壤中某些微生物类群的数量相差很大。内根圈芽孢细菌和放线菌（Actinomycetes）在灰潮土中的数量分别是砂姜黑土中的1.84和19.20倍。本体土壤中，好气性细菌总数、耐寒细菌（Psychrotrophicbacteria）、芽孢细菌群在灰潮土中数量分别是砂姜黑土中的47.59、14.62和31.42倍。荧光假单胞菌（Fluorecentpseudomonads）在砂姜黑土中的数量都是发潮土中的1.44倍，它不论在总数还是相对数量上都很低。     

灌溉和施磷对紫花苜蓿土壤水分动态及根重的影响

采用完全随机裂区设计,常规灌溉量(330mm),节水20%灌溉量(264mm)和节水40%灌溉量(198mm)作为主处理,施磷量(0,60,120和180kg/hm²)作为副处理,研究了不同灌溉量和施磷量对紫花苜蓿土壤贮水量、耗水强度、水分利用效率和根重的影响。结果表明,土壤贮水量、紫花苜蓿耗水强度和根重随灌溉量增加而增加,水分利用效率随灌溉量增加而降低。施磷对紫花苜蓿土壤贮水量和耗水强度影响不明显。紫花苜蓿水分利用效率和深度0-40cm根重随施磷量的增加表现为先增加后降低,当施磷量达到120kg/hm²时,紫花苜蓿水分利用效率﹝26.50kg/(mm·hm²)﹞和全生育期平均根重(1 320.78g/m²)达到最大值。     

覆盖模式及小麦根系对土壤微生物区系的影响

采用平皿分离培养法研究了5种栽培模式和小麦根系对土壤细菌、真菌及放线菌数量的影响。连续2年的定位测定结果表明:覆膜有利于土壤微生物数量增加。5种栽培模式中,小麦根区、根外土壤细菌数量均以覆膜模式下最高,分别为116.8×106cfu·g-1和86.7×106cfu·g-1;土壤真菌和放线菌数量均以垄沟覆膜(垄上覆膜、垄沟播种)模式下最高,分别为3.0×103cfu·g-1、1.4×103cfu·g-1和18.9×105cfu·g-1、19.7×105cfu·g-1。不同模式下小麦根系对土壤细菌和真菌数量影响较大,表现为根区高于根外;而根系对放线菌影响较小,只有补灌和覆膜2种模式为根区高于根外。多重比较结果显示,覆膜与其他模式之间细菌数量差异极显著,根区土壤细菌和真菌数量与根外存在显著差异。覆盖和根系能大幅度增加根区细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量,强化小麦根区根外细菌和真菌的数量差异。     

东北地区四种农作物根际磷细菌的分布

从小麦、水稻、玉米,大豆根际土壤中磷细菌数量及其群落结构、多样性和相似性等几个方面,对东北地区代表性农作物根际磷细菌生态分布规律进行了系统研究.结果表明,4种作物根际土壤中分布大量解磷菌和溶磷菌,其中解磷菌达到2.15～6.68×105cfu·g-1、溶磷菌达到0.7～3.9×104cfu·g-1,解磷菌数量多于溶磷菌;作物根际土壤有效磷含量与磷细菌数量问无直接相关性;东北地区农作物根际磷细菌种群结构复杂,小麦、玉米、水稻、大豆根际土壤解磷菌分别涉及9个、11个、13个、12个菌属,溶磷菌分别涉及9个、8个、9个、7个菌属:4种主要农作物根际土壤中分布的磷细菌具有较高的多样性指数,且一般来说根际土壤中解磷菌多样性更高;作物根际磷细菌组成相似性系数在0.50～1.00之间,总体处于较高水平,且溶磷菌的相似性系数高于解磷菌.     

Ecological pre-release risk assessment of two genetically engineered, bioluminescent Rhizobium meliloti strains in soil column model systems

In order to identify potential ecological risks associated with the environmental release of two Rhizobium meliloti strains, genetically engineered with the firefly-derived luciferase gene (luc), a pre-release greenhouse investigation was conducted. The upper 4 cm of soil columns (30 cm diameter; 65 cm depth), which were filled according to the horizons of an agricultural field (loamy sand), were inoculated with seeds of Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and R. meliloti cells at approximately 5×10⁶ cells·g^–1 soil. Four treatments were tested: inoculation with a non-engineered wild type strain (2011), strain L33 (luc ⁺), strain L1(luc ⁺, recA^–) and non-inoculated controls. The fate of the engineered strains was followed by two methods: (1) selective cultivation and subsequent detection of bioluminescent colonies and (2) PCR detection of the luc gene in DNA, directly extracted from soil. Strain R. meliloti L33 declined to 9.0×10⁴ cfu·g^–1 soil within 24 weeks and to 2.8×10³ cfu·g^–1 soil within 85 weeks in the upper 25 cm of the soil columns. Decline rates for R. meliloti L1 were not significantly different. Vertical distribution analysis of the recombinant cells after 37 weeks revealed that in three of four columns tested, the majority of cells (>98%) remained above 10 cm soil depth and no recombinant cells occurred below 20 cm depth. However, in one column all horizons below 20 cm were colonized with 2.2×10⁴ to 6.8×10⁴ cfu g^–1 soil. Ecological monitoring parameters included organic substance, total nitrogen, ammonium and nitrate, microbial biomass, culturable bacteria on four different growth media and the immediate utilization of 95 carbon sources (BiologGN) by soil-extracted microbial consortia. None of the parameters was specifically affected by the genetically engineered cells. Received: 6 December 1996     

The impact of sugarcane filter cake on the availability of P in the rhizosphere and associated microbial community structure

This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between filter cake (FC), and phosphorus fertilizers with differing solubility on the growth and P nutrition of sugarcane. Effects of soil amendment with FC on different soil P fractions and influence on microbial community structure in the rhizosphere were also assessed. Two glasshouse experiments were conducted with completely randomized block designs. The first experiment evaluated rates of FC using a factorial design (5 × 2): 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 g FC kg^?1 soil applied as either broadcast in bulk soil or in the planting furrow. The second experiment used a factorial design (2 × 3): without and with FC (5 g kg^?1 soil, dry basis), both without P (NP) and with P supplied as either triple superphosphate (TSP) or as rock phosphate (RP), both at the rate of 78.4 mg kg^?1 based on total P. Microbial community structure was determined using TRFLP and dynamics of soil P by Hedley fractionation. Filter cake applied at increasing rates in the absence of P was effective in increasing shoot growth and P uptake by plant, particularly when applied to bulk soil as compared to furrow application. Also, FC improved P uptake and increased the availability of labile inorganic P in the rhizosphere and modified the structure of fungal and bacterial communities, whereas only bacterial and archaea communities were influenced by P fertilizer use. Filter cake was more effective when combined with RP, with increased growth and P utilization and thus can be considered as a feasible and practical option for farmer use in substitution to TSP, a more expensive source.     

Genetic tagging of Azotobacter chroococcum for colonization on wheat (Triticum aestivum) and cotton (Gossypium sp.) roots

Abstract

Azotobacter chroococcum strains E12, HT57 were genetically tagged with lac Z, gfp to study the colonization behaviour on wheat (Triticum aestivum) and cotton (Gossypium sp.) in soil under controlled conditions. 10³ – 10⁴ cfu g^?1 soil of HT57 lac Z were found to colonize roots of both cotton and wheat crops whereas 1.7 × 10⁴ – 7.2 × 10⁴ cfu g^?1 soil of E12 gfp was colonizing wheat roots and 1.6 × 10⁴ – 9.3 × 10⁴ cfu g^?1 soil of E12 gfp colonized cotton roots respectively. Tagged strains colonized mostly on root tips compared to basal roots in both the crops.     

东北黑土区大豆根际促生菌群落组成研究

为明确东北黑土区大豆根际促生菌的群落组成,选择内蒙古自治区鄂温克族自治旗、黑龙江省海伦市、黑龙江省克山县和黑龙江省农垦红兴隆农场4个采样点,分析了大豆根际自生固氮菌、解磷菌、溶磷菌和硅酸盐细菌的群落组成,解析了促生菌种与地域之间的对应关系。结果表明:东北黑土区的大豆根际土壤中存在大量促生菌,自生固氮菌达到104cfu.g 1,溶磷菌和解磷菌达到105cfu.g 1,硅酸盐细菌达到103cfu.g 1;分离得到具有自生固氮能力的菌株5株,溶磷菌6株,解磷菌7株,硅酸盐细菌4株;自生固氮菌多样性指数在0.94~1.60之间,溶磷菌多样性指数在0.83~1.52之间,解磷菌的多样性指数在1.07~1.67之间,硅酸盐细菌多样性指数在0.52~0.96之间,4个取样点大豆根际促生菌的多样性指数均大于2。采用对应分析确定了不同地区的典型促生菌,内蒙古鄂温克族自治旗的特征种为自生固氮菌LLN8(Azotobacter beijerinckia indica),黑龙江省海伦市的特征种为溶磷菌DHS13(Micrococcus),黑龙江省克山县的特征种为溶磷菌DHS19(Pseudomo-nas),黑龙江省红兴隆农场的特征种为自生固氮菌LLN1(A.chrooco-ccum)和溶磷菌DHS5(Azotobacter)。同时明确了LLN2(A.azomonas)、LLN6(Bacillus mucilaginosus)、DHS9(Arthrobacter)、DHSO2(Pseudomonas)、DHSO14(Erwinia)、DHSO17(Corynebacterium)和LSJ21(Bacillus)在东北黑土区大豆根际分布较为广泛,这些菌株为研发中国东北黑土区大豆专用型复合生物肥料提供了基础条件。     

Rhizobacteria: Influence of cultivar and soil type on plant growth and yield of potato

The influence of potato cultivar and soil type on effectiveness of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) was examined. Rhizobacteria were isolated from potato roots and tubers obtained from fields with a history of high potato yields. Fluorescent pigment-producing rhizobacteria. identified as strains of Pseudomonas putida and P. fluorescens, were selected for their antibiosis against Erwinia carovotora ssp. carotovora and growth-promoting activity on potatoes. In greenhouse tests, treatments of potato seedpieces and stem cuttings increased shoot dry weight from 1.23- to 2.00-fold and root dry weight from 1.27- to 2.78-fold. Survival of PGPR in the rhizosphere was monitored using antibioticresistant strains. Populations of these strains decreased from 3.6 × 10⁹ cgu g^?1 dry root weight to 4.5 × 10⁵ cfu g^?1 dry root weight 4 weeks after treatment. In field trials, PGPR strains were applied to seedpieces of cultivars Kennebec, Pungo, Red Pontiac and Superior and planted in Cape Fear loam. Plymouth loamy sand or Delanco sandy loam. Significant yield increases of 1.17–1.37-fold over controls were observed in two of three field trials. Variability in plant growth-promoting activity was observed between greenhouse and field trials, and no given treatment combination of PGPR strain, potato cultivar and soil type was consistently better than another.     

Phosphate rock dissolution and transformation in the rhizosphere of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) compared with other plant species

Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is generally grown in highly weathered acidic Ultisols of the humid tropics. The low pH, large P fixing capacity and moisture content of these soils favour the dissolution of phosphate rock. Plant species differ widely in their ability to take up P from phosphate rock, and we have compared phosphate mobilization in the rhizosphere of tea with that under calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus L.), Guinea grass (Panicum maximum L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by studying the changes in the concentration of P fractions at known distances from the root surface in an acidic (pH in water 4.5) Ultisol from Sri Lanka treated with a phosphate rock. Plants were grown in the top compartment of a two-compartment device, comprising two PVC cylinders physically separated by a 24-μm pore-diameter polyester mesh. A planar mat of roots was formed on the mesh in the top compartment, and the soil on the other side of the mesh in the lower compartment was cut into thin slices parallel to the rhizosphere and analysed for pH and P fractions. All plant species acidified the rhizosphere (pH [water] difference between bulk and rhizosphere soils was 0.17-0.26) and caused more rock to dissolve in the rhizosphere (10–18%) than in the bulk soil (8–11%). Guinea grass was most effective, though the rate of acidification per unit root surface area was least (0.02μmol H⁺ cm^?2) among the four species. Tea produced the largest rate of acidification per unit root surface area (0.08μmol H⁺ cm⁺²). All species depleted P extracted by a cation–anion exchange resin and inorganic P extracted by 0.1 M NaOH. All except tea depleted organic P extracted by 0.1M NaOH in the rhizosphere. The external P efficiencies (mg total P uptake) of Guinea grass, bean, tea and calliandra in soil fertilized with phosphate rock were 4.82 ± 0.42, 4.02 ± 0.32, 1.06 ± 0.02 and 0.62 ± 0.02, respectively, and the corresponding internal P efficiencies (mg shoot dry matter production per mg plant P) were 960 ± 75, 1623 ± 79, 826 ± 33 and 861 ± 44. This study showed that the various crops cultivated in tea lands differ in their rates of acidification, phosphate rock dissolution and P transformation in the rhizosphere. This requires testing under field conditions.