辣木叶黄酮对小鼠血脂调节作用研究

为研究辣木叶黄酮(FMOL)对高脂血症小鼠的体质量、血脂和肝脏的影响,将60只雄性小鼠随机分为6组:正常组、高脂模型组、阳性对照组(辛伐他汀)、FMOL高剂量组、FMOL中剂量组、FMOL低剂量组,对正常组喂养基础饲料,其余各组喂养高脂饲料,连续喂养5周后,测定小鼠相关指标及肝脏组织形态变化。结果表明,FMOL可以显著抑制高脂膳食小鼠的体质量增长,降低肝脏指数;降低血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和动脉硬化指数(AI)水平;同时降低谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和丙二醛(MDA)水平。此外,小鼠的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)水平和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性都有所提升。本研究结果为辣木叶总黄酮的开发利用提供了一定的理论依据。     

金蝉花多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为探讨金蝉花多糖对环磷酰胺(CTX)致免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用,将70只试验小鼠随机分为7组,除正常组外,其他6组腹腔注射CTX以建立免疫低下模型,其中,高、中、低剂量组灌胃不同剂量的金蝉花多糖溶液30 d,正常对照组、CTX模型组给予等体积生理盐水,茯苓多糖组、盐酸左旋咪唑组分别给予等体积茯苓多糖溶液和盐酸左旋咪唑溶液,分别测定各组的小鼠体重增量、免疫器官指数、迟发型超敏反应、血清溶血素水平、IFN-γ、IL-2、IgG含量等指标。结果表明,与CTX模型组相比,金蝉花多糖中、高剂量组能显著提高小鼠脾脏指数、胸腺指数、血清溶血素水平(P0.05);各剂量组均能显著影响小鼠迟发型超敏反应(P0.05),均显著提高了IFN-γ、IL-2、IgG含量(P0.05),说明金蝉花多糖对小鼠免疫功能具有一定的调节作用。本研究结果为进一步探究金蝉花多糖的免疫作用机制提供了参考,有利于金蝉花多糖在保健功效方面的应用研究。     

蜜梨NFC果汁清咽功能评价的动物试验研究

为了评价蜜梨NFC果汁的清咽功能,通过大鼠棉球植入、大鼠足趾肿胀、小鼠耳廓肿胀3种动物模型试验,研究不同剂量的蜜梨NFC果汁对大鼠肉芽肿重、大鼠足趾肿胀率、小鼠耳廓肿胀率和动物体重增长的影响。结果表明,与阴性对照组(CK)相比,高剂量组(T3)大鼠肉芽肿净量减少23.47%,差异极显著;T3致炎后2、4 h和中剂量组(T2)致炎后4 h的大鼠足趾肿胀率分别减少14.5%、20.4%和16.5%,且差异显著;T2、T3小鼠耳廓肿胀率分别减少24.1%和27.8%,差异显著;而高、中、低3个剂量组的大鼠或小鼠体重增长量在试验期间均无显著差异。因此,大鼠棉球植入、大鼠足趾肿胀和小鼠耳廓肿胀试验结果均为阳性,且蜜梨NFC果汁对大鼠或小鼠的正常生长无影响,表明蜜梨NFC果汁动物试验结果为阳性,具有清咽功能。研究结果可为蜜梨清咽功能的开发利用提供参考依据。     

伤寒头对CCl_4致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及其机理

本研究将健康昆明种小鼠36只,雌雄各半,随机分为空白对照组、模型组、药物联苯组、伤寒头高剂量、中剂量及低剂量组。各分组连续给药3d,末次给药1h后,除正常对照组外,其余各组腹腔注射1%CCl4花生油溶液0.1mL/10g建立小鼠急性肝损伤模型。测试小鼠禁食24h后,摘眼球取血并处死动物,分离血清进行血清生化指标的测定,检测小鼠血清中门冬氨酸氨基转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(ALT)、白蛋白(ALB)和总蛋白(TP)水平;剖检并取肝脏组织测肝脏重量,取部分肝组织研磨成匀浆测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)。观察伤寒头处理下小鼠血清中AST、ALT、ALB和TP以及肝脏中SOD、MDA和GSH-PX的变化。结果表明,各伤寒头治疗组对AST、ALT均有明显的降低作用(P<0.01),对TP、ALB没有影响(P>0.05);各伤寒头治疗组对SOD和GSH-PX有升高作用(P<0.05),对MDA有降低作用(P<0.05),对肝脏指数没有影响(P>0.05)。根据本研究结果,我们推断伤寒头对四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝损伤具有明显的保护作用,主要是通过提高SOD和GSH-...     

静脉注射53Cr标记吡啶甲酸铬对仔猪脂质和DNA氧化的影响

选取体重15.0±1.0kg、健康的瘦肉型三元杂交 (杜×长×大)仔猪30头,按体重、遗传背景相近的原则随机分成5组,每组6头,单笼个体饲养。每天早8:00-10:00分别对各组猪进行静脉注射,Ⅰ（对照）、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别注射0、8、200、400和800μg Cr /d的53Cr标记吡啶甲酸铬,试验期14d。检测指标为肝肾中示踪剂铬、抗氧化酶和丙二醛（MDA）、尿中8-羟基脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）。结果表明,吡啶甲酸铬在肝、肾中的蓄积量随着静脉注射吡啶甲酸铬水平的升高而增加,且在200?g以上达到显著（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,仔猪的血清、肝、肾中MDA都无显著升高(P>0.05),除血清SOD和肾脏CAT活性显著下降（P<0.05）外,其他抗氧化酶也无显著变化(P>0.05)。但肾脏中, 800μg组MDA水平显著高于8μg组（P<0.05）。尿液中8-羟基脱氧鸟苷的水平未发生显著变化。结果显示,本试验剂量范围内（800μgCr/d,14d）,吡啶甲酸铬在仔猪肝脏、肾脏内显著沉积,肾脏中沉积量高于肝脏;肾脏脂质过氧化与肾中铬浓度之间存在显著量效关系;静脉注射不同水平吡啶甲酸铬未引起机体DNA氧化损伤和肝脏脂质过氧化。      

乳酸杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验选用32头品种、胎次、饲养水平相同、健康的断奶仔猪随机分为4组,对照组饲喂剔除抗生素和抗菌素的仔猪基础日粮,试验I组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组分别在仔猪基础日粮的上添加12、15、18mL／kg乳酸杆菌，通过30天的试验期后，测定4组的生长性能指标。结果表明：对照组的腹泻率明显高于试验组，腹泻率最低的是试验Ⅲ组；头平均日增重试验Ⅲ组与其它3组差异显著（P<0.05），对照组和试验Ⅱ组差异显著（P<0.05），其中试验Ⅲ组头平均日增重最高，为358g，对照组最低,为303g；试验Ⅲ组与其它3组料重比差异显著（P<0.05），试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅰ组差异不显著（P>0.05），和对照组差异显著（P<0.05）,料重比较为理想的是试验Ⅲ组，其次是试验Ⅱ组。     

中草药添加剂的抗小鼠腹泻效果及其对小鼠肠道微生物菌群的影响

为研究中草药提取液的抗小鼠腹泻效果及其对小鼠肠道菌群的影响,本实验选用50只体重为18～22 g的清洁级ICR(Institute of Cancer Researceh,USA)小鼠(Mus musculus),随机分为5个处理组:空白对照组、复方提取液组、黄柏提取液组、白头翁提取液组和白头翁:黄柏(1:1)提取液组.每天按照4 g生药/kg体重剂量定时灌胃,空白对照组给予等剂量的蒸馏水.第10天每只小鼠按0.02 mL/g体重剂量腹腔注射108 cfu/mL大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)菌液,建立小鼠细菌性致腹泻病理模型,观察各提取液对小鼠的腹泻的影响,第13天收集粪样,变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)研究肠道微生物区系的变化.结果显示,造模当天对照组的体重变化最为明显,腹泻最为严重,与其他各给药组相比均差异显著(P＜0.05);4个中草药提取液添加组小鼠的腹泻次数比对照组分别降低了51％、26％、33％和35％,其中复方组抑制小鼠的腹泻效果最为显著(P＜0.05);小鼠粪便微生物DGGE图谱分析显示,复方组的条带数和多样性指数均显著高于其他处理组(P＜0.05).研究结果表明,中草药添加剂能够显著地抑制小鼠腹泻,有效地改善肠道微生物菌群结构,其中复方组的效果最优.     

乳酸杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验选用32头品种、胎次、饲养水平相同、健康的断奶仔猪随机分为4组,对照组饲喂剔除抗生素和抗菌素的仔猪基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组分别在仔猪基础日粮的上添加12、15、18mL／kg乳酸杆菌,通过30天的试验期后,测定4组的生长性能指标。结果表明:对照组的腹泻率明显高于试验组,腹泻率最低的是试验Ⅲ组;头平均日增重试验Ⅲ组与其它3组差异显著(P＜0．05),对照组和试验Ⅱ组差异显著(P＜0．05),其中试验Ⅲ组头平均日增重最高,为358g,对照组最低,为303g;试验Ⅲ组与其它3组料重比差异显著(P＜0．05),试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅰ组差异不显著(P＞0．05),和对照组差异显著(P＜0．05),料重比较为理想的是试验Ⅲ组,其次是试验Ⅱ组。     

糖蜜酒精废液蔗渣吸附发酵产物饲喂生长肥育猪的效果研究

选择平均体重约3 0 kg的杜长大三元杂交断奶仔猪70头,随机分成对照组和试验 、 、 、 组,进行为期86d (生长期3 3 d,肥育期5 3 d)的饲养试验。试验处理为:对照组全期饲粮不用糖蜜酒精废液蔗渣吸附发酵产物( MABFP) ,试验 、 、 、 组生长期饲粮分别使用2 %、4%、6%和8%的MABFP;肥育期饲粮分别使用4%、8%、1 2 %和1 6%的MABFP。每期的试验组和对照组均为等能等蛋白质饲粮。饲养试验结果表明:生长期,试验各组的日增重和饲料效率与对照组无显著差异( P>0 .0 5 ) ;肥育期,试验 、组日增重与对照组无显著差异( P>0 .0 5 ) , 、 组日增重低于对照组( P<0 .0 5 ) ;肥育期以及试验全期各试验组饲料效率有所降低。血清生化指标及胴体品质的分析结果表明:生长肥育猪饲粮使用MABFP,对猪血清生化指标、组织器官生理功能、肉猪胴体指标和猪肉品质等无不良影响。综上所述,MABFP可做生长肥育猪配合饲料的原料,建议其用量以6%～8%为宜,同时注意适当补充必需氨基酸     

小肽营养素对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

本试验将40头21d断奶的三元杂交猪随机分为4组,用4组不同日粮组成及营养水平的饲料（Ⅰ：基础日粮＋2%喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉（SDPP）;Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加1%,2%和3%小肽营养素）饲养21d后称重、测定血液生化指标并进行统计分析。结果表明：添加小肽营养素对断奶仔猪的生产性能无显著影响;各处理组的血清总蛋白、血糖和血清尿素差异不显著,2%小肽组的球蛋白、免疫球蛋白含量显著高于其它组;小肽产品可以部分等蛋白取代断奶仔猪日粮中的血浆蛋白粉。通过了解小肽营养素替代喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉对21d断奶仔猪的生产性能和血液生化指标的影响,为肽类产品在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用提供了依据。     

A 4-week repeated oral dose toxicity study of dairy fat naturally enriched in vaccenic, rumenic and α-linolenic acids in rats

Few studies have focused on the toxicological risks of dairy fat intake. A standard dairy fat (SDF) with a 70% SFA content and a naturally enriched dairy fat (EDF) in vaccenic, rumenic and α-linolenic acids and low in SFA (54%) have been examined in a 4-week repeated dose oral toxicity study as a daily dose of 2000 mg/kg bw by gavage in rats. Comparisons were established with a third group of rats (control) which did not receive fat administration. Both fats were well tolerated, and no adverse events or mortality were observed during the treatment nor after a 2-week observation period. EDF and SDF did not cause significant differences with respect to a control group in body weight gain, food consumption, clinical observations, organ weight ratios, histopathological findings and most of the hematological and biochemical parameters including total cholesterol and cholesterol fractions in plasma. In rats treated with SDF, a significant increase of triglycerides was observed as compared to the control group. By contrast, in rats treated with EDF, a significant decrease in triglycerides was detected. EDF orally administered to rats was safe, and no treatment-related toxicity was detected. The results also suggest that EDF could protect against the increase of triglyceride concentrations in plasma.     

Determination and toxicity of saponins from Amaranthus cruentus seeds.

The concentrations of four triterpene saponins present in amaranth seeds were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. It was shown that the total concentration of saponins in seeds was 0. 09-0.1% of dry matter. In germinating seeds an increase in concentration to 0.18% was observed after 4 days of germination, which remained stable for the next 3 days and later dropped to 0.09%. Highly purified extracts from the seeds were tested for their toxicity against hamsters. The hydrophobic fraction obtained by the extraction of seeds with methylene chloride showed no toxicity; the behavior of tested animals was similar to that of the group given an equivalent dose of rapeseed oil. A crude saponin fraction, containing approximately 70% of pure saponins in the matrix, showed some toxicity; the approximate lethal dose was calculated as 1100 mg/kg of body weight. It is concluded that low contents of saponins in amaranth seeds and their relatively low toxicity guarantee that amaranth-derived products create no significant hazard for the consumer.     

In vivo antitumor effects of 4,7-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,3-benzodioxole isolated from the fruiting body of Antrodia camphorata through activation of the p53-mediated p27/Kip1 signaling pathway

In this study, 4,7-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,3-benzodioxole (SY-1) was isolated from three different sources of dried Antrodia camphorata (AC) fruiting bodies. AC is a medicinal mushroom that grows on the inner heartwood wall of Cinnamomum kanehirai Hay (Lauraceae), which is an endemic species that is used in Chinese medicine for its antitumor properties. We demonstrated that SY-1 [given as a 1-30 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal (ip) injection three times per week] profoundly decreased the growth of COLO-205 human colon cancer cell tumor xenografts in an athymic nude mouse model. We further demonstrated that significant AC extract-mediated antitumor effects were observed at the highest concentration (5 g/kg body weight/day). No gross toxicity signs were observed (i.e., body weight changes, general appearance, or individual organ effects). Frozen COLO-205 xenograft tumors were pulverized in liquid N(2), and the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins was detected by immunoblotting. We found that the p53-mediated p27/Kip1 protein was significantly induced in the low-dose (1 mg/kg body weight) SY-1-treated tumors, whereas the p21/Cip1 protein levels did not change. The G0/G1 phase cell cycle regulators induced by SY-1 were also associated with a significant decrease in cyclins D1, D3, and A. These results provide further evidence that SY-1 may have significance for cancer chemotherapy.     

纳米氧化镁促进番茄植株生长的机理

  【目的】  探讨具有抗菌作用剂量的纳米氧化镁 (MgONPs) 对番茄早期生长发育的影响，并明确其被吸收和在植株体内的运输特性，为MgONPs在植物营养和病害防控领域的应用提供理论依据。  【方法】  以番茄为模式植物，利用MgONPs (50～250 μg/mL) 处理番茄种子和幼苗，测定种子萌发率、MgONPs处理幼苗30天后的植株生物量、植物组织细胞形态、叶绿素含量和相对含水量等指标，并用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪和透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 测定植株对MgONPs的吸收状况。  【结果】  50～250 μg/mL的MgONPs对番茄种子的发芽无抑制作用，而对番茄幼苗生长具有显著的促进作用，其中250 μg/mL剂量作用最显著；此剂量处理后的番茄根长、根干重、地上部分干重和径围分别为20.33 cm、0.11 g、0.20 g、1.65 cm，对照分别为15.63 cm、0.03 g、0.15 g和1.16 cm；番茄叶绿素含量提高了47.37%，相对含水量提高了13.14%。且MgONPs促进了镁元素的吸收，MgONPs处理后番茄叶片中的镁含量较清水组提高了35.16%；透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 照片发现，MgONPs处理后叶片叶绿体周围有纳米颗粒的聚集；扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 照片和石蜡切片观察证实，MgONPs未破坏番茄植株的组织和细胞形态，明确了在一定浓度下MgONPs对番茄植物细胞无毒副影响。  【结论】  MgONPs在土壤中的分散程度虽然不如在去离子水中，但是依然表现出对番茄生长的显著促进作用，且对种子发芽和幼苗生长无任何不利影响。施入土壤后，MgONPs能被番茄根系吸收，通过维管束系统向上运输至叶片中，从而显著增加叶绿素含量和相对含水量，最终促进了幼苗的生长和干物质积累。在本试验条件下，高浓度 (250 μg/mL) 的MgONPs促进番茄生长的效果好于低浓度。     

小鼠卵母细胞去核方案的优化

为了优化小鼠卵母细胞去核方案，本研究对比了透明带磨口刺入和透明带直接刺入两种去核方法（分别简称磨口法和刺入法）、蔗糖处理与否、CB的浓度及去核针内径对小鼠卵母细胞的去核效率的影响，及CB浓度对去除部分胞质（不去核）的孤雌胚早期发育的影响。结果：（1）无论是磨口法还是刺入法，添加3％蔗糖和对照组之间的去核成功率及去核操作时间差异均不显著（P>0.05）；（2）CB浓度为5μg/mL、10μg/mL和20μg/mL时，各试验组的操作时间差异不显著（P>0.05），但10μg/mL的CB操作速度最快，磨口法三个试验组间去核成功率差异不显著（P>0.05），刺入法在CB浓度为5μg/mL、10μg/mL时去核成功率显著高于20μg/mL组（P<0.05），磨口法去核成功率显著高于刺入法（P<0.05）；（3）去除部分胞质的孤雌胚卵裂率各试验组之间差异不显著（P>0.05），20μg/mLCB处理组囊胚率显著低于其它处理组（P<0.05）；（4）在CB浓度为10μg/mL的操作液中，分别用内径为10μm、15μm和20μm内径的去核针，各试验组间操作时间差异不显著（P>0.05），15μm内径的去核针操作速度较快，磨口法去核成功率差异不显著（P>0.05），15μm去核针去核成功率较高，刺入法应用20μm去核针的去核成功率显著低于其它组（P<0.05）。结果表明，磨口法在10μg/mL CB和15μm内径去核针条件下提高了去核成功率(90.8%)及去核速度（50sec/个），且不影响孤雌胚的体外发育率。     

放养规格对银化期大西洋鲑生长的影响及生理响应机理

内分泌系统在调节大西洋鲑(Salmo salar L.)的银化过程中,除了要尽快建立更高效的渗透调节机制外,鱼体自身的生理反应变化还要更好地适应降海后的生活。试验研究了平均体质量(30.25±2.12)g(SW1)、(24.27±1.59)g(SW2)和(18.05±2.46)g(SW3)大西洋鲑,1~42 d光照周期为12L:12D;43~84 d为全光照下(24L:0D)的生长及生理响应机理。试验结果表明,SW2组大西洋鲑的肥满度、日增质量、饲料转化率、净增质量最高,与其他组差异显著(P0.05)。SW2组体质量、体长特定生长率均显著高于其他处理组(P0.05),各组间体质量、体长变异系数差异显著(P0.05)。试验前6周不同处理组大西洋鲑体长变异系数差异不显著(P0.05)。后6周全光照时,SW1、SW2组体长变异系数显著增加,且SW1组显著高于其他组(P0.05)。SW3组的大西洋鲑体质量变异系数变化较大。前6周光照期为12L:12D时,SW1、SW2两组体质量变异系数差异不显著(P0.05),后6周改为全光照时,3个处理组间体质量变异系数差异减小。但在84 d时,SW3组体质量变异系数显著高于其他组(P0.05)。随着养殖规格的增大,血红蛋白浓度升高,红细胞数目增加,说明鱼体需氧量增加。SW3组白细胞数目、淋巴细胞数目和中性粒细胞数目最高,表明鱼体抗病能力强。红细胞数目在SW1和SW2组间无显著差异(P0.05),但均显著高于SW3组(P0.05)。血栓细胞数目随着放养规格的增加而下降,且在3个规格组之间差异显著(P0.05)。中性粒细胞数目在3个规格组之间并没有显著性差异(P0.05)。SW2组总蛋白、白蛋白含量最高,且各组间差异显著(P0.05)。总胆固醇、甘油三酯浓度随鱼体规格增大而增加(P0.05),表明大西洋鲑血液和体内对能量的利用增强。SW2组代谢产物尿酸、尿素浓度最高,且SW1、SW2组的浓度值均显著高于SW3组(P0.05)。SW3组大西洋鲑血清中总胆红素显著高于其他两组(P0.05)。各组间大西洋鲑血清中葡萄糖浓度没有显著性差异(P0.05)。SW3组肌酸激酶浓度最高,但各组间没有显著性差异(P0.05)。该研究结果建议选择体质量(24.27±1.59)g的大西洋鲑开始银化,利于优化养殖条件、以较低成本增加单位水体养殖产量和苗种规模化生产。     

简易式工厂化循环水对虾养殖系统构建及试验

为探索低换水量的对虾养殖生产方式,该研究构建了一种简易式工厂化对虾养殖系统,试验组利用自行研发的蛋白分离器和新型集污盘去除系统总悬浮颗粒物和老化微藻,对照组不设置蛋白分离器和集污盘,进行对虾养殖和水质调控试验,结果表明:试验组平均总氨氮浓度、平均亚硝氮浓度、平均TSS(Total Suspended Solids)浓度、平均副溶血弧菌数量分别为(0.4±0.16)、(0.53±0.23)、(68.33±39.72)mg/L和(140±113.83)cfu/mL,显著低于对照组(0.96±0.62)、(1.17±0.59)、(147.14±94.18)mg/L和(661.34±473.96)cfu/mL(P0.05);试验组成活率及单位产量分别为82.62%±5.64%和(3.44±0.85)kg/m~3,显著高于对照组18.29%±4.63%和(1.09±0.23)kg/m~3(P0.05)。该研究构建的简易式循环水工厂化系统,设置蛋白分离器流量10 m~3/h且不间断运行,养殖前45 d不换水、后55 d利用集污盘进行强排污保持日换水量5%的情况下能够有效调控对虾养殖水质。     

Anthocyanin extracted from black soybean reduces prostate weight and promotes apoptosis in the prostatic hyperplasia-induced rat model

Anthocyanin is a natural plant pigment and potent antioxidant. This study was designed to investigate the effects of anthocyanin extracted from black soybeans on a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a disease associated with the geriatric population. Thirty male rats were divided into five experimental groups: a control group, a BPH-induced group, and three BPH-induced groups that received oral doses of anthocyanin (40, 80, and 160 mg/kg). Prostate hyperplasia was induced by the administration of testosterone propionate for 4 weeks. Following BPH induction, the anthocyanin-treated groups received the compound for 4 weeks. After anthocyanin treatment, the prostates from the rats in all groups were removed, weighed, and subjected to histological examination. Apoptosis in the prostates was measured by the TUNEL assay. The mean prostate weight for the control animals was 674.17 ± 28.24 mg, whereas the BPH-induced rats had a mean prostate weight of 1098.33 ± 131.31 mg. The mean prostate weights for the rats receiving 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg anthocyanin were 323.00 ± 22.41, 324.00 ± 26.80, and 617.50 ± 31.08 mg, respectively. The average prostate weight in the BPH-induced group was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05), whereas the prostate weights in the anthocyanin-administered groups were significantly lower than in the BPH-induced group (p < 0.05). Injected testosterone led to prostatic hyperplasia as observed histologically, but anthocyanin administration helped to prevent this change. Apoptotic body counts were significantly higher in groups receiving anthocyanin than in the BPH-induced group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that anthocyanin may be effective in decreasing the volume and suppressing the proliferation of the prostate. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms and actions of anthocyanin, and these studies may lead to the clinical application of anthocyanin in treating BPH.     

Determination of cranberry phenolic metabolites in rats by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

The glycosides of flavonoid, anthocyanins and A type proanthocyanidins in cranberry concentrate were characterized and quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Cranberry concentrate (1 g/body weight) was orally gavaged to Fischer-344 rats (n = 6), and blood and urine samples were collected over 24 h periods. Quercetin, 3'-O-methylquercetin (isorhamnetin), myricetin, kaempferol, and proanthocyanidin dimer A2, together with thirteen conjugated metabolites of quercetin and methylquercetin and intact peonidin 3-O-galactoside and cyanidin 3-O-galactoside were identified in the rat urine after cranberry treatment. Very low levels of isorhamnetin (0.48 ± 0.09 ng/mL) and proanthocyanidin dimer A2 (0.541 ± 0.10 ng/mL) were found in plasma samples after 1 h of cranberry administration. Although no quercetin was detected in plasma, MRM analysis of the methanolic extract of urinary bladder showed that chronic administration of cranberry concentrate to rats resulted in accumulation of quercetin and isorhamnetin in the bladder. These results demonstrate that cranberry components undergo rapid metabolism and elimination into the urine of rats and are present in the urinary bladder tissue potentially allowing them to inhibit urinary bladder carcinogenesis.