不同硫肥品种和用量对玉米产量和黑土有效硫的影响

通过田间小区试验研究了硫肥不同品种和用量对玉米的生长、产量构成因素和对土壤有效硫的影响。结果表明：硫对玉米的生长发育有促进作用，提高玉米产量。增产效果较好的是硫磺和石膏，硫磺增产6.5%-9.6%，石膏增产5.6%-8.0%。随着硫肥施用量的增加，玉米的产量增加。施含硫肥料能缓解土壤硫素的消耗，对保持土壤中硫的平衡有很大作用。     

辽宁大豆主产区土壤硫素状况及不同硫肥肥效研究

本文通过对辽宁省大豆主要产区(8个县)土壤全硫及有效硫含量进行测定与分析,阐述了不同类型、不同肥力土壤硫素状况。在不同地区开展的硫肥肥效试验结果表明,在有效硫含量很低的土壤上施用硫肥增产效果都很明显,而有效硫含量较高的土壤上施用硫铵增产效果较好,石膏和硫磺的增产效果不稳。     

湖北四种典型土壤硫肥效应

选择黄棕壤、红壤、灰潮土和水稻土等湖北省四种主要土壤类型,对油菜和水稻分别进行盆栽和田间硫肥试验。试验结果表明:黄棕壤、红壤和灰潮土三种土壤盆栽油菜施用硫肥后,均能促进油菜的生长发育并增加油菜的干物重,但总体上施石膏的效应比施硫磺要好。水稻土田间水稻硫肥试验后,明显提高了水稻产量,但施硫磺粉的效果要比施石膏好,前者的增产率达到27.44%,后者是14.88%。试验前后土壤有效硫的变化进一步说明施用硫肥可以维持土壤硫素平衡,满足作物营养需求。使用澳大利亚KC l—40方法测定土壤有效硫含量,能反映土壤供硫水平与作物产量的相关性,这对于指导我国农业生产具有重要的意义。     

水稻需硫特性及硫对水稻产质量的影响

盆栽试验结果表明,黑土种植水稻适宜的硫肥品种为硫铵和硫磺,可分别使水稻增产28.8%和19.7%.水稻在前期和后期植株含硫较高,中期较低;但植株吸硫量则随其生物量的增大而迅速增加,以分蘖期最低,成熟期最高.田间试验结果表明,硫肥的适宜用量为S 36～54kg/hm2,增产9.7%～11.3%,增产的主要原因是硫促进了水稻的生长发育,增加了水稻分蘖数和穗粒数.分析结果表明,硫具有增加稻米蛋白质含量、降低淀粉含量的作用.适当施用硫肥既能充分满足水稻在整个生育期对硫素营养的需要,又能保持土壤中硫的平衡.     

不同硫肥品种的水稻肥效试验研究

在缺硫土壤以上石膏，硫磺，硫酸钾镁作为硫源进行硫肥水稻试验，并设置与石膏等钙量，与ＳＰＭ等镁量的石灰，ＭｇＣｌ２处理，结果显示，增施硫，钙、镁，水稻均有显著增产。     

湖北省硫肥施用效果初探

１９８８年以来，全省２９个硫肥试验中，有２１个施硫增产。早稻、晚稻、油菜、蚕桑和甘薯施硫平均分别增产１３．８％，９．０％，１６．５％，１７．６％和１１．２％。施硫能提高油菜的油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量，提高桑叶的氨基酸和脂肪含量，并有促进作物早熟和增强抗性的作用。硫对作物的增产效果受成土母质、土壤质地及土壤水分状况的影响。在酸性土壤上，不同品种的硫肥对油菜的增产效果为：石膏〉过磷酸钙〉硫磺〉硫铵。     

黑龙江省主要类型稻田土壤硫现状及硫肥效果的研究

不同品种硫肥在水稻土上应用结果表明硫对水稻的生长发育有促进作用。提高水稻产量,增产效果较好的是硫铵和Sulfer95,增产8.8%～13.4%。另外,施含硫肥料能缓解土壤硫素的消耗,对保持土壤中硫的平衡有很大作用。     

黑龙江省主要类型稻田土壤硫现状及硫肥效果的研究

不同品种硫肥在水稻土上应用结果表明:硫对水稻的生长发育有促进作用.提高水稻产量,增产效果较好的是硫铵和Sulfer95,增产8.8%～13.4%.另外,施含硫肥料能缓解土壤硫素的消耗,对保持土壤中硫的平衡有很大作用.     

黑龙江省主要类型稻田土壤硫现状及硫肥效果的研究

不同品种硫肥在水稻土上应用结果表明：硫对水稻的生长发育有促进作用。提高水稻产量,增产效果较好的是硫铵和Ｓｕｌｆｅｒ９５,增产８．８％～１３．４％。另外,施含硫肥料能缓解土壤硫素的消耗,对保持土壤中硫的平衡有很大作用。     

施用硫肥对油菜生物产量及吸硫量的影响

盆栽试验表明，在一种轻度缺硫的加拿大土壤上施用废石膏、硫酸铵、硫磺、硫酸钙使油菜地上部干重增加１７．１％￣２１．６％，含硫量从０．１３％提高到０．３０％￣０．５２％，吸硫量从１１．８ｇ／盆提高到３３．７￣５６．０ｇ／盆。表明硫磺和废石膏均是有效的硫肥。     

Sulfur in soils

Sulfur (S) deficiency of crops, which has been reported with increasing frequency over the past two decades on a worldwide scale, is a factor that reduces yield and affects the quality of harvested products. Especially in Western European countries, incidence of S deficiency has increasingly been reported in Brassicaceae. For this reason, more attention should be paid to the optimization of S‐fertilizer application, in order to cover plant S requirements whilst minimizing environmental impacts. In soils, S exists in inorganic and organic forms. While sulfate (SO ), which is a direct S source for plants, contributes up to 5% of total soil S, generally more than 95% of soil S are organically bound. Organic S is divided into sulfate ester and carbon‐bonded S. Although not directly plant‐available, organically bound S may potentially contribute to the S supply of plants, especially in deficiency situations. Sulfur turnover involves both biochemical and biological mineralization. Biochemical mineralization, which is the release of SO from the ester sulfate pool through enzymatic hydrolysis, is controlled by S supply, while the biological mineralization is driven by the microbial need for organic C to provide energy.     

向海湿地全硫与有效硫垂向分布

选取霍林河下游向海沼泽湿地为研究对象,采用重力沉积芯采样钻钻孔采样方法,采集了2个沉积柱芯共78个样品,对不同粒级沉积物全硫与有效硫及TOC,pH在剖面中的分布进行高分辨率研究。结果表明,芦苇沼泽与沼泽化草甸沉积物全硫与有效硫平均含量高值均出现在细粒,即粉砂与黏土粒级中。向海湿地沉积物全硫接近于世界土壤中硫的平均含量700 mg/kg。虽然程度不同,但不同粒径沉积物除剖面特殊层序外均呈现出一定的分层性:即从上到下,全硫的含量呈递减趋势,并且硫主要富集在草根层。沉积物中有机质含量对沉积物中硫的贡献起着十分重要的作用,一般而言,有机质含量高,总硫、有效硫含量也高,反之亦然。但随沉积环境不同,并非每种粒径沉积物中硫与有机质都有很大相关性。     

油菜硫营养及其与品质的关系

对缺硫指标、缺硫症状 ;硫肥的效果和影响因素 ;硫营养对蛋白质、含油量和脂肪酸组成、硫甙含量、硫甙组分的影响等几个方面对油菜硫营养生理和硫营养与品质的关系进行了综述。     

Sulfur mineralization in sphagnum peat

Abstract

Open and closed incubation systems were studied as means of quantifying sulfate fractions in sphagnum peat moss. Sulfate was extracted in the closed system with a 0.15% CaCl₂‐H₂O or a 500 mg P/L extractant. Sulfate was extracted in the open system with 10 mM KC1, 0.15% , CaCl₂‐H₂O, or 500 mg P/L extractant. Extractants were quantified by ion chromatography. Phosphate extractant released more sulfate than CaCl₂, in the closed system. There was a significant increase over time of sulfate released by the CaCl₂ extractant. In the open system, there was no significant difference in release and total amounts leached of sulfate‐S between extractants. The closed system released more sulfate‐S than the open system. Phosphate extractants in both systems mineralized 43% of initial sulfur content     

长期地膜覆盖及不同施肥处理对棕壤中全硫和有效硫的影响

对长期连续覆膜(1987年～2005年)及不同施肥处理的棕壤中土壤全硫及有效硫进行动态变化研究。结果表明:表层土壤全硫及有效硫含量差异显著,土壤全硫含量的垂直分布随土层加深而逐渐降低。四种施肥处理对全硫和有效硫含量有一定影响,全硫含量高低顺序为M2N2>M2>N2>CK;有效硫的顺序为N2>M2N2>M2>CK。裸地土壤全硫和有效硫含量随时间变化总体呈下降趋势,而覆膜土壤总体上升。     

Sulfur dioxide resistance of Indian trees

Saplings of Tamarindus indica, Mangifera indica, Pithecolobium dulce, Ficus rumphii, Ficus bengalensis, Holoptelea integrifolia, Syzygium cumind, and Psidium guajava were exposed to varying concentrations of SO₂ and chlorophyll, protein, amino acids, starch, total soluble sugars and reducing sugars were determined. In general, it was observed that on exposure to SO₂ in susceptible plants most of the biochemical constituents accumulated in higher amounts while in plants showing visible damage at extremely high exposure concentration a reverse pattern was obtained.     

Sulfur accumulation in flora around mofettes

The main objective of this study was to examine the causes of the chlorotic symptoms in the natural vegetation of Sousaki region in South Greece. Sousaki is an area of late stage volcanic activity where gases rich in SO₂, CO₂ and less H₂S and CH₄ are emitted from mofettes. Detailed plant analyses showed that healthy and chlorotic plants had a similar chemical composition regarding macro- and micro elements, except S. Total S was much higher in chlorotic than in the healthy plants, although they were grown on soils with similar properties. This is traced back to the effect of SO₂.     

Sulfur cycling in five forest ecosystems

The cycling and retention of sulfur were studied in five forest ecosystems: a chestnut oak and yellow poplar stand on Walker Branch Watershed, Tennessee; a mixed oak stand on Camp Branch Watershed, Tennessee; and a red alder and Douglas-fir stand at the Thompson site, Washington. Calculations from foliage sulfur turnover indicate that about one-half of total sulfur input was dry in the Tennessee sites, whereas only one-tenth was dry in the Washington sites. Atmospheric sulfur inputs exceeded forest sulfur requirements in all cases, but three sites (chestnut oak, mixed oak, and red alder) showed a net ecosystem retention of atmospherically deposited sulfur. Net ecosystem sulfur retention was consistent with laboratory-determined sulfate adsorption isotherms within a given location (Walker Branch, Thompson site) but not between locations because of differing deposition histories and consequent differing degrees of soil sulfate saturation. No consistent relationships between soil sulfate adsorption capacity and other soil properties (pH, base saturation, iron, and aluminum oxides) were found.     

Sulfur nutrition requirements of peach trees

Changes in fertilizer and pesticide formulations plus success in reducing sulfur (S) emissions to the air from industrial operations have reduced the availability of S to peach trees in some locations. Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees on highly leached acid sands have shown responses to S fertilization. The levels of total S required for S sufficiency is important to determine fertilizer needs. The 100 ppm SO₄‐S requirement offered by some sources has been misinterpreted. Greenhouse experiments with Nemaguard, Lovell, Montclar and Nemared rootstock seedlings resulted in the establishment of levels representing S deficiency and sufficiency. The foliage and growth rates of rootstock seedlings in this experiment showed severe deficiency symptoms at 550–990 μg S g^‐1 DW. Sufficiency was achieved at 1400–2500 μg S g^‐1 DW.