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1.
秸秆还田下氮肥用量对稻田养分淋洗的影响   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
通过田间试验,研究秸秆还田配施氮肥对稻田土壤养分淋洗的影响。结果表明,随氮肥用量增加,田间渗漏水中NH4+-N、NO3--N、全氮浓度随之增加;与秸秆未还田相比,秸秆还田降低了田面水与渗漏水中NH4+-N、NO3--N的浓度;秸秆还田下各处理30cm土层渗漏水中全氮和NO3--N浓度最高,其浓度范围分别为1.09~12.76mg·L-1和0.76~3.74mg·L-1;全磷浓度范围为0.02~0.79mg·L-1,田面水中全磷浓度随施氮量增加而增加,30cm渗漏水中全磷浓度大于60cm渗漏水。氮肥用量180kg·hm-2时,施肥后5~10d内30cm、60cm渗漏水中的养分以NH4+-N为主,其后均以NO3--N为主。氮肥与秸秆配合施用,可降低田面水和渗漏水中的氮磷浓度,改善肥料利用效率。  相似文献   

2.
太湖地区稻麦轮作农田氮素淋洗特点   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
通过排水采集器模拟试验研究了太湖地区不同施肥水平下农田N素淋洗特点.结果表明,N的渗漏损失以硝态氮(NO-3-N)为主,并发生在麦季,铵态氮(NH+4-N)淋洗量则很少,NO-3-N的量占渗漏液总N量的43%~72%,浓度为20~110mg/kg;渗漏水中N的含量与土壤N的淋洗量随施肥量的增加而增加,麦季土壤中NO-3-N的总淋洗量为17.8~58.5kg/hm2,平均为39.2kg/hm2,净淋洗量为5.5~40.7kg/hm2,平均为21.4kg/hm2,占施肥量的3.7%~12.2%;与纯化肥处理比较,化肥+猪粪处理增加了农田N的淋失,化肥+秸秆处理减少了土壤中N的淋失.与麦田渗漏水相比较,稻田渗漏水除水稻生长早期的部分样品外,NO-3-N和NH+4-N含量均很低,分别在1mg/kg和0.5mg/kg以下.  相似文献   

3.
脲酶/硝化抑制剂双控下红壤性水稻土氮素变化特征   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
以红壤性水稻土为对象,设置大田试验处理:不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(U)、氮肥配施0. 5%脲酶抑制剂N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)与1%硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)(U+N/D)、氮肥配施1%NBPT与2%DMPP [U+2 (N/D)],研究4种施肥组合下双季稻土壤脲酶、土壤NH+4-N、田面水NH+4-N和NO-3-N的变化特征。结果表明,与CK和U处理相比,各施肥处理在施肥后第1~15 d,土壤脲酶活性、土壤NH+4-N、田面水NH+4-N含量增加,田面水NO-3-N含量无显著变化。与U+2 (N/D)处理相比,早稻中U+N/D处理的脲酶活性显著增加了0. 03~0. 70 mg·g-1,土壤NH+4-N含量显著增加了19. 11~61. 44 mg·kg-1,田面水NH+4-N含量显著增加了34. 48~40. 70 mg·L-1。相关分析表明,土壤NH+4-N与土壤脲酶、田面水NH+4-N均呈显著负相关,田面水NH+4-N与土壤脲酶、田面水NO-3-N均呈显著正相关(P 0. 05)。综上,与其他处理相比,U+N/D处理是在短期内有效提高土壤脲酶活性、土壤NH+4-N和田面水NH+4-N含量的最优处理,合理配施尿素及0. 5%脲酶抑制剂NBPT和1%硝化抑制剂DMPP能够显著提高NH+4-N供水稻吸收,减少氮素损失。  相似文献   

4.
尹海峰  焦加国  孙震  刘满强  李辉信  胡锋 《土壤》2013,45(2):199-206
针对当前我国水稻生产中日益严重的水资源短缺及稻田土壤氮素渗漏淋溶引发的面源污染问题,本研究通过设置2种灌溉方式及4个施氮水平的双因子交互试验,探讨了不同水肥处理对稻田土壤氮素渗漏淋溶的影响.结果表明,稻田20 cm处渗漏水中NH+4-N浓度与施氮量呈正相关关系,减少氮肥施用量,可降低2%~35%的NH+4-N浓度,而80 cm处NH+4-N浓度与施氮量无相关关系;稻田20 cm、80 cm处渗漏水中NO3-N浓度均与施氮量呈正相关关系;控制灌溉显著提高了稻田80 cm处渗漏水中NO-3-N浓度,增幅达31%,但由于其水分渗漏量少,NO3-N淋溶量较常规灌溉仍降低16%~ 49%; NO3-N是稻田中氮素渗漏淋溶的主要形式,占氮素渗漏淋溶总量的77%~92%;减氮施肥条件下,NO3-N渗漏淋溶量降低14%~56%.控灌减氮措施可很好地协调产量效益与水体环境效益,是适宜太湖地区的环境友好型水肥管理模式.  相似文献   

5.
采用室内土柱淋溶模拟试验,研究了施用鸡粪的华南水稻土中各形态磷的淋失特征。结果表明:①总可溶性磷(TDP)占总磷(TP)的比例高达59.2%~77.6%,总可溶性无机磷(DIP)占TDP的比例为61.4%~83.0%。可见研究土壤中磷主要以总可溶性磷形态向下迁移淋失,可溶性无机磷是迁移总可溶性磷的主要组分。②随着淋洗次数的增加,各处理淋洗液TP浓度逐渐下降,而TDP、DIP和总可溶性有机磷浓度(DOP)浓度则呈现下降-增加-下降的特点。③各土层淋洗液TP、TDP、DIP及DOP浓度随着鸡粪用量的增大而提高。因此,在生产中一次性施用鸡粪量不宜过大,否则会增加磷素淋失的风险。④适量添加沸石或硫酸亚铁能有效降低土壤中磷素向下迁移淋失。⑤各土层TP、TDP和DIP淋失风险大小顺序为25-50 cm土层0-25 cm土层50-75 cm土层。表明可溶性磷在0-50 cm土壤剖面中有较强向下迁移的能力,但50 cm以下迁移能力较弱。  相似文献   

6.
利用矿化培养与田间试验的方法,探讨了太湖地区长期施氮条件下,氮肥用量对土壤供氮、水稻吸氮与环境的影响。初步试验结果表明:多年施用氮肥能够提高土壤的供氮能力,并随施N量的增加而增加。增加氮肥用量能够提高稻株含氮量和吸氮量,但氮素向谷粒的转移率降低,试验区水稻氮肥用量以225~270kghm-2左右为佳。稻田田面水和渗漏液的N素养分动态变化显示,施N会造成田面水NH4 N和NO3-N含量的短暂升高,但不同施N量之间相差并不显著。稻田渗漏液中的氮以硝态氮为主,通常在淹水泡田后的7d内有一个NO3-N含量的峰值期,NO3-N含量在1.62~2.75mgL-1之间,约10d后降至0.5mgL-1以下;NH4 N含量变化有随施N量而增加的趋势,高峰期通常出现在分蘖末期,其余时间NH4 N含量在0.2mgL-1以下。  相似文献   

7.
太湖地区稻麦轮作农田氮素淋洗特点   总被引:37,自引:0,他引:37  
通过排水采集器模拟试验研究了太湖地区不同施肥水平下农田N素淋洗特点。结果表明,N的渗漏损失以硝态氮(NO3^--N)为主,并发生在麦季,铵态氮(NH4^ -N)淋洗量则很少,NO3^--N的量占渗漏液总N量的43%-72%,浓度为20-110mg/kg;渗漏水中N的含量与土壤N的淋洗量随施肥量的增加而增加,麦季土壤中NO3^--N肥量的3.7%-12.2%;与纯化肥处理比较,化肥 猪粪处理增加了农田N的淋失,化肥 秸秆处理减少了土壤中N的淋失,与麦田渗漏水相比较,稻田渗漏水除水稻生长早期的部分样品外,NO3^--N和NH4^ -N含量均很低,分别在1mg/kg和0.5mg/kg以下。  相似文献   

8.
通过田间试验,利用15N自然丰度法,研究了太湖地区水稻土冬季绿肥的固氮量,以及绿肥还田后配施氮肥对水稻产量、稻田土壤供氮能力及土壤氮素淋失特征的影响。试验结果表明,紫云英和蚕豆当季分别能固定氮约32.8和68.8 kg km-2进入稻田生态系统以培肥土壤和供下季水稻利用。蚕豆秸秆还田后基本能满足水稻生长所需的氮,紫云英和蚕豆还田施氮120 kg km-2时,既可保证水稻较高产量,又节约当季化学氮肥45%~55%。紫云英和蚕豆还田不施氮肥处理,整个生长期耕层土壤溶液NH+4-N、NO-3-N和TN浓度均低于配施氮肥的处理;蚕豆还田处理土壤溶液TN浓度高于紫云英还田处理。随氮肥用量增加,NH+4-N、NO-3-N和TN浓度有增加趋势,不同施氮量间差异不显著。绿肥-水稻轮作,紫云英和蚕豆还田土壤氮素淋溶显著降低。配施氮肥增加了土壤氮的淋失量,尤其施氮300 kg km-2处理,土壤淋溶液NH+4-N、TN浓度显著高于施氮0~240 kg km-2的处理。  相似文献   

9.
稻田化肥减量施用的环境效应   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
在太湖地区宜兴市水稻田采取田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了适当减少化肥用量(优化施肥)对水稻产量、田面水与渗漏液中氮、磷养分的影响.结果表明:优化与常规两种施肥处理下水稻产量差异不显著,但优化施肥节省22%氮肥,减少30%~40%氮素径流损失,减少32.3%氮素渗漏损失.田面水与渗漏液中溶解性总氮(TDN)浓度与施肥量呈正相关,在施肥后的1~2 d内达到峰值,不同施氮处理TDN浓度在一周内差异显著,以后渐趋一致.施肥后田面水中溶解性总磷(TDP)浓度高达15.7 mg·L-1,整个稻季均高于导致水体富营养化的临界值,存在着污染附近水体的风险;稻田对灌水中的磷有净化作用.适当减少化肥用量、加强稻田水肥管理,是控制农田面源污染的重要措施.  相似文献   

10.
以不同磷水平菜田土壤为研究对象,通过土柱淋溶模拟试验,探讨施用沼液对土壤磷素形态及其移动性的影响。结果表明:与单施去离子水的对照相比,施用沼液通过减少淋洗溶液体积降低淋洗液中总磷含量722.3μg·柱~(-1),中、高磷土壤淋洗液总无机磷(TIP)分别减少507.2μg·柱~(-1)和1 319μg·柱~(-1)。低、中磷土壤淋洗液中水溶性无机磷(DIP)减少158.1μg·柱~(-1)和474.3μg·柱~(-1)。在低磷土壤中,施用沼液对剖面土壤全磷、有机磷和速效磷含量影响显著,上层(0~7 cm)土壤增加的比例分别为34.8%、37.7%和148%,土壤p H值显著降低0.39个单位,下层(7~14 cm)土壤增加的比例分别为18.5%、29.3%和32.9%,土壤p H值显著降低0.28个单位。在中磷土壤中,施用沼液对上层土壤全磷含量影响未达到显著水平,速效磷增加比例20.1%,下层土壤p H值降低0.33个单位。在高磷土壤中,施用沼液对剖面土壤全磷、有机磷和速效磷含量影响未达到显著水平,下层土壤p H值降低0.34个单位。因此,施用沼液降低土壤磷素淋洗,增加低磷土壤磷素有效性含量,但对中磷和高磷水平土壤的磷素影响未达到显著水平。  相似文献   

11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
【目的】以富士(Fuji)、 秦冠(Qinguan)嫁接在平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水(ZZ)、 低氮正常水(DZ)、 正常氮干旱(ZG)、 低氮干旱(DG)。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮(6 mmol/L NO-3-N)、 低氮(0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N)、 正常供水(保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%)、 干旱处理(保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%)。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量(茎和叶)、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水(ZZ)>低氮正常水(DZ)>正常氮干旱(ZG)>低氮干旱(DG),并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水(ZZ)>低氮正常水(DZ)>正常氮干旱(ZG)>低氮干旱(DG); 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶>根>茎,磷元素则是根>叶>茎;光合氮素利用效率(PNUE)和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水(DZ)处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱(DG)处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

12.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.  相似文献   

13.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

14.
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.  相似文献   

15.
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.  相似文献   

17.
李聃枫  朱春梧 《土壤》2020,52(3):561-566
自20世纪60年代"绿色革命"以来,育种技术和农耕技术的发展促进了农作物产量的大幅提升,然而作物的营养品质出现下降趋势。在相似的遗传背景下,大气CO_2浓度升高会使单位体积农作物产品的营养元素含量下降,因此"绿色革命"至今,农作物产品的营养元素下降可能受大气CO_2浓度升高影响。通过植物生长箱模拟"绿色革命"初期和目前的大气CO_2浓度水平(310μmol/mol和400μmol/mol),针对主要C_3作物水稻、小麦和大豆,研究"绿色革命"以来大气CO_2浓度升高对其籽粒的C、N、Fe、Zn元素含量的影响,结果表明:CO_2浓度升高对3种作物籽粒的C元素含量几乎没有影响,变化幅度在±1.5%之间;籽粒的N、Fe、Zn元素含量普遍呈现下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平。  相似文献   

18.
Discovery and incorporation of genes from wild species provide means to sustain crop improvement, particularly when levels of resistance in the cultigens are low and virulent strains of pests and pathogens overcome the host plant resistance. The extent of utilization and the potential of the wild genepool for genetic enhancement were reviewed in five important food crops viz. sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut grown in the semi-arid tropics. Introgression from compatible wild germplasm in the primary gene pool resulted in transfer of new cytoplasmic male sterility systems in pearl millet and pigeonpea, development of high protein, cleistogamous flower and dwarf pigeonpea lines and foliar disease resistant groundnut cultivars. Utilization of wild species in secondary and tertiary gene pools has been generally limited due to sterility, restricted recombination or cross incompatibility. Nevertheless, these species are extremely important as they contain high levels of resistance to several important biotic and abiotic stresses. Several of them, like those belonging to the Parasorghum section and the rhizomatous Arachis species are sources of multiple resistances and hold great promise to sustain crop productivity.  相似文献   

19.
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.  相似文献   

20.
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.  相似文献   

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