共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
为了应用电子自旋共振(ESR)波谱技术检测辐照葡萄,以葡萄皮、葡萄柄和葡萄籽为试验材料,研究其在0~10.0 kGy剂量范围ESR波谱特征变化以及辐照剂量与信号强度的关系。结果表明: 葡萄皮、葡萄柄和葡萄籽辐照后ESR波谱均有明显的区别,信号强度均随辐照剂量增加而增大。葡萄柄的辐照剂量检出限最低(0.25 kGy),是鉴定葡萄样品是否经过辐照的理想材料。通过比较葡萄皮、葡萄柄和葡萄籽剂量效应曲线得出葡萄柄拟合曲线最为准确(R2=0.9943)。3种辐照试验材料在贮藏期(15 d)内信号强度均有不同程度的衰减,辐照葡萄皮信号强度衰减最为剧烈(衰减80%)。研究结果为ESR波谱技术在辐照葡萄检测中的应用提供了技术依据。 相似文献
2.
3.
应用电子束射线对西洋参进行辐照灭菌,使用电子顺磁共振波谱仪(ESR),研究了辐照剂量与西洋参产生的自由基ESR谱的相关性,及不同含水量、放置时间和温度对ESR谱的影响;使用高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)和氨基酸分析仪检测了不同辐照剂量对西洋参皂甙、氨基酸成分的影响,以及西洋参的辐照灭菌剂量和储存效果。试验表明西洋参的辐照剂量、水分含量及放置温度和时间与ESR谱信号强度具有显著相关性。辐照剂量在15kGy以下时对所测皂苷成分没有影响,在较高辐照剂量40kGy时对氨基酸含量基本没有影响。西洋参的最佳辐照灭菌剂量为10kGy。 相似文献
4.
5.
辐照香料与食品的鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用ESR和化学发光等测量法鉴定辐照香料和辐照食物,研究了花椒粉、胡椒粉(黑、白)、大料、姜粉、芥末、咖哩粉、安息茴香、五香粉、香辣酥和复合调料等香料,以及全脂奶粉、纯藕粉、健儿粉、白面粉、甘草霜和食用明胶等食物经60Coγ射线辐照后,ESR及化学发光强度的变化,以及辐照剂量,贮藏时间和样品粒度对ESR及化学发光的影响。结果表明,两种方法均可有效地区分辐照和未辐照食物和香料,而ESR法较化学发光法更易应用,其鉴定的有效期在30天以上。此外,还对某些包装材料如玻璃、木材和纸等的ESR变化规律进行了初步研究。 相似文献
6.
宠物食品辐照灭菌及工艺剂量研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
本文以皮卷、绿爽洁牙骨、鸡肉排骨、鸡胸肉为试验材料,开展了宠物食品辐照灭菌工艺剂量的研究。结果表明:辐照剂量为4kGy时杀菌率达到了92%以上,辐照剂量为6 kGy时杀菌率已达99%以上,检测的各项微生物指标均符合国家食品卫生标准要求,10 kGy即可达到完全灭菌的效果。辐照前后4种样品中均未检出沙门氏菌。4~10 kGy辐照后,宠物食品中水分、脂肪、蛋白质、粗纤维、碳水化合物、矿质元素(除钙)及17种氨基酸的含量与对照相比差异均不显著,说明辐照对宠物食品的营养品质影响很小;在此剂量范围内,样品辐照前后的色泽、风味与滋味也没有明显变化。由此,确定宠物食品适宜的辐照工艺剂量范围为4~10 kGy。 相似文献
7.
研究了60Co γ辐照杀菌对核桃粉主要营养成分变化及感官品质的影响。结果表明:剂量为2.0~8.0kGy时,辐照对核桃粉中的总糖、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量无显著影响;辐照后的粗纤维含量有一定的增加,但不显著;辐照对核桃粉中的月桂酸和肉豆蔻酸含量基本没有影响,对棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、花生酸和亚麻酸含量有一定的影响,但不显著;辐照后核桃粉中的油酸含量随辐照剂量的上升而显著增加,剂量达到8.0kGy时,油酸含量增加了4.3%。8.0kGy以下辐照对核桃粉色泽、气味、口感无明显改变。可以得出结论低于8.0kGy的辐照不会对核桃粉的营养品质和感官品质有不良影响。 相似文献
8.
9.
为考察辐照对卷烟品质及微生物数量的影响,采用0、4和8kGy的60Coγ射线辐照卷烟,检测样品中霉菌数、酶的活性和霉变现象,在贮存0、180和360d时检测样品的菌落总数、水分、主流烟气焦油释放量,并进行了感官评价试验。结果表明,采用4和8kGy剂量辐照卷烟,能有效杀灭霉菌,防治卷烟霉变;辐照能降低货架期卷烟中的菌落总数、抑制α-淀粉酶和果胶酶的活力,减缓货架期卷烟感官质量下降,其中,4kGy剂量辐照卷烟在货架期的感官质量比对照稍好;辐照对卷烟的焦油和烟碱释放量及水分含量没有明显影响。因此60Coγ射线辐照是一种保持和改善货架期卷烟质量的有效方法。 相似文献
10.
11.
Free radicals in gamma-irradiated soybean paste were investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to determine the effect of temperature (77-296 K) and moisture content (1-54%) of samples irradiated at high dose (1-40 kGy). The samples were kept in liquid nitrogen (77 K) during irradiation and subsequent ESR measurements. The spectra shown at 77 K consisted of the hydrogen atom lines at low and high field and complicated symmetric spectrum. By increasing the microwave power, the line shape of ESR spectra altered, which indicated the detection of different paramagnetic centers at different microwave powers. In saturation curves, it was possible to select four types of spectra components which were different in their relaxation times. By the different irradiation doses, the change in free radical concentration showed a curvilinearly increasing relationship with irradiation dose in wet samples, whereas a proportional relationship was observed with dried samples. This might indicate that the indirect process of free radical formation was involved with the existence of free water radicals in the wet samples. 相似文献
12.
Sesame seeds were irradiated using a (60)Co irradiator (0-4 kGy) and then roasted (220 degrees C for 10 min). To identify the irradiation treatment, physical detection methods like photostimulated luminescence (PSL), thermoluminescence (TL), and electron spin resonance (ESR) have been investigated before and after roasting. The photon counts of the irradiated samples (nonroasted and roasted) were higher than those of nonirradiated ones, making it possible to distinguish the two samples. The threshold values of nonroasted and roasted samples increased linearly with the irradiation dose, respectively. The TL for the nonirradiated nonroasted and roasted samples presented a lower peak at about 300 degrees C, but irradiated samples showed a higher peak at around 150 degrees C. The areas of TL glow curves were 15 times higher in nonroasted as compared with roasted samples. TL ratio [integrated area of TL 1 (the first glow)/TL 2 (the second glow)] obtained by the reirradiation step was 0 in nonirradiated samples and more than 0.15 in irradiated samples. The radiation-induced ESR signals originating from cellulose were determined in irradiated samples before and after roasting. 相似文献
13.
辐照对黄原胶分子量及抗氧化活性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以0~500kGy 60Co γ射线对固态黄原胶进行辐照,研究辐照对黄原胶分子量及还原力、清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基(DPPH·)、超氧自由基(O2-·)及羟自由基(·OH)能力等抗氧化活性的影响。研究表明,10kGy的辐照可使黄原胶粘均分子量从1.71×106增加到2.23×106,超过10kGy后,黄原胶粘均分子量随辐照剂量的增大逐渐减少,500kGy时降为1.59×104。低于10kGy辐照,黄原胶的还原力、对DPPH·和对O2-·的清除率与剂量呈负相关,与对照相比,还原力降低了3.16%,对DPPH·和O2-·的清除率分别从17.37%和18.18%减少到16.87%和8.51%,增大辐照剂量,黄原胶的还原力和对DPPH·和O2-·的清除率与剂量呈正相关,500kGy时黄原胶的还原力比对照增加164.22%,对DPPH·和O2-·的清除率升高至60.79%和30.06%;对·OH清除能力与辐照剂量呈负相关,清除率从0kGy时的9.29%降低到500kGy时的3.63%。辐照可以引起黄原胶聚合或降解,从而导致其分子量及抗氧化活性发生显著变化。 相似文献
14.
电子束辐照对花生过敏原免疫原性及生化性质影响的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了电子束辐照降低花生过敏原免疫原性的效果及辐照对花生生化性质的影响。选择2、4、6、8、10、15和20kGy剂量的电子束对花生过敏原液、脱脂花生粉进行辐照处理,辐照后花生主要过敏原(Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3)蛋白分子质量的变化通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定,免疫原性的变化通过免疫印迹和间接竞争ELISA法测定;辐照后花生过敏原溶液的浓度、浊度及疏水性的变化通过紫外分光光度计和荧光光度计分别进行测定。结果表明,花生过敏原在溶液状态比固体状态对辐照更为敏感。当辐照剂量低于10kGy时处理的过敏原液的免疫原性稍有增强,剂量大于10kGy时免疫原性降低,剂量为20kGy时过敏原液的IC50值是未处理的11倍。辐照使过敏液的浓度和浊度随着剂量的加大而增加,疏水性与对照组相比增强,但当剂量大于15kGy时降低。电子束辐照改变了过敏原的生化性质,降低了其免疫原性,比较而言,辐照对液体状态下过敏原的影响更显著。 相似文献
15.
Gadgil P Smith JS Hachmeister KA Kropf DH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(6):1890-1893
Alkylcyclobutanones (2-ACBs) are radiolytic products formed when fatty acids are irradiated. These cyclobutanones are unique irradiation byproducts and therefore may serve as indicators of irradiation exposure. As only limited information exists about 2-ACB formation in retail meat products, reliable methods that can quantify 2-ACBs and thus estimate irradiation dose in commercial meat products are desired. The cyclobutanone studied in this experiment was 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB), which is formed from palmitic acid. The formation of 2-DCB was evaluated in fresh irradiated ground beef patties at two fat levels. Patties containing 15% and 25% fat were irradiated by electron beam at 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.5 kGy. Commercially available 1-lb irradiated ground beef chubs with different fat levels were analyzed in order to estimate dose absorbed by these samples. The 2-DCB was extracted using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and was detected in all the irradiated samples. The concentration of 2-DCB increased linearly with dose with R2 = 0.9646 for 25% fat samples and R2 = 0.9444 for 15% fat samples. Further, there was no significant difference in 2-DCB concentrations between the two fat levels. The estimated doses applied to the commercial samples ranged between 1.38 and 1.55 kGy, values consistent with doses normally used in the industry (1.0-2.0 kGy). Our results show that 2-DCB can be used to monitor fresh irradiated beef and approximate the absorbed dose. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Lee DW Choi WS Byun MW Park HJ Yu YM Lee CM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(16):4819-4823
The aqueous solution of alginate was irradiated by 60Co gamma-rays in the dose range of 10-500 kGy. To assess the effect of irradiation on the degradation of alginate, the irradiation-induced changes in the viscosity, molecular weight, color, monomer composition, and sequence were measured. The molecular weight of raw alginate was reduced from 300000 to 25000 when irradiated at 100 kGy. The degradation rate decreased and the chain breaks per molecule increased with increasing irradiation dose. The viscosity of irradiated alginate solution reached a near minimum as low as at 10 kGy. No appreciable color changes were observed in the samples irradiated at up to 100 kGy, but intense browning occurred beyond 200 kGy. The 13C NMR spectra showed that homopolymeric blocks, MM and GG, increased and the M/G ratio decreased with irradiation. Considering both the level of degradation and the color change of alginate, the optimum irradiation dose was found to be 100 kGy. 相似文献