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1.
徐州市北郊农业土壤重金属污染评价   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
研究评价徐州市北郊农业土壤重金属污染状况结果表明,该区农业土壤中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn和Cr 5种重金属平均含量均高于土壤背景值,其农业土壤Cd、Cr为重污染,土壤Zn为污染警戒级(尚清洁水平),其他2种元素为安全级(清洁水平),其综合污染指数为Cr>Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb。  相似文献   

2.
农业土壤重金属污染及防治   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
土壤是人类赖以生存的物质基础,土壤污染对人类的危害极大,它不仅直接导致粮食减产,而且通过食物链影响人体健康.在论述土壤重金属污染现状、污染迁移途径以及危害的基础上,阐述了土壤重金属污染的防治方法.  相似文献   

3.
沈抚灌区土壤重金属污染健康风险初步评价   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用现场采样及室内测试方法对沈抚灌区农田土壤中Cu、Hg、Ni和Cd等重金属的含量进行了测定分析,利用污染指数法对灌区土壤环境质量进行了评价,并应用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对灌区土壤重金属通过土壤摄食途径所引起的健康风险作了初步评价。结果表明,灌区土壤中重金属的平均浓度范围分别为Cu:22.1~40.8mg·kg^-1,Hg:0.036-0.310mg·kg^-1,Ni:29.8~44.4mg·kg^-1,Cd:0.145~0.956mg·kg^-1。4种重金属浓度平均值大小为Ni〉Cu〉Cd〉Hg;土壤中Cu、Hg、Ni和Cd所引起的成人和儿童的平均个人风险均低于可接受水平10^-6,且在这两类调查人群中,健康风险大小顺序均为Cd〉Ni〉Hg〉Cu;儿童比成人更易受到土壤重金属的影响,致癌风险是成年的3倍;灌区土壤环境质量环境评价结果显示,灌区土壤重金属污染处于轻微水平。  相似文献   

4.
北京市农业土壤重金属状态评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以北京市土壤重金属背景值为标准,对比分析了农业土壤中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Ph、Hg 8种重金属的含量及累积情况,并采用单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法进行了土壤重金属污染评价。结果表明,北京市农业土壤存在着一定的Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd累积趋势,其含量的平均值分别为53.61、21.95、65.42、9.14、0.125mg·kg^-1,比相应的背景值高79.9%、17.4%、13.8%、28.9%、5.0%;Ni和Pb的累积则不明显,平均值比相应的背景值低7.9%、29.2%,分别为24.84和19.04mg·kg^-1;而Hg含量的平均值与背景值一致,为0.08mg·kg^-1。从单因子评价结果来说,Cr污染指数在1.06-2.93之间,所有的样点都处于轻度或中度污染状态;As、Cu、Zn、Cd的污染指数相对较小,平均值分别为1.29、1.17、1.13、1.05,有50%以上的样点处于轻度污染状态;而Ni、Ph、Hg的污染指数均小于1,有60%以上的样点处于清洁或尚清洁状态,污染较轻。若从综合评价结果来说,综合污染指数处于0.96~2.16之间,平均值为1.45,几乎所有的土壤样点都属于轻度污染状态。  相似文献   

5.
北京市土壤重金属潜在风险预警管理研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
区域土壤重金属的潜在环境质量风险预警研究是区域土壤重金属管理研究的热点之一。以北京市为研究区,在镇域尺度上建立土壤重金属输入-输出通量模型和重金属年累积率模型,计算2006年北京市各乡镇Cr、Ni、Zn、Hg、Cu、As、Cd、Pb八种重金属的通量和累积量。以2006年作为基期年,采用指示克里格法预测北京市未来30 a土壤重金属含量变化趋势和环境质量风险。研究表明,在当前发展趋势下,未来30a北京市Pb、Cr和Ni土壤环境污染风险较小,含量均处于国家土壤环境质量二级标准以下;Cu、As和Zn最高达到中警级别,Hg和Cd的污染风险变异较大,各预警级别均有出现,但概率大小不等,其中Cd的环境风险最为严重,高风险区部分位于北京市东部,呈带状分布;Hg的环境高风险区域随城市的扩张而蔓延。采用地统计学与区域物质流通量模型结合的方法,可为区域土壤重金属的宏观预警研究提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

6.
Hakanson指数法在评价土壤重金属生态风险上的应用进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Hakanson指数法是目前重金属元素潜在生态风险评价的常用方法。该方法开始被应用于研究河流沉积物重金属污染评价中,后逐步被引进到土壤重金属污染的研究,并被广泛使用。分析发现,Hakanson指数法对于评价土壤重金属生态风险是有效的,但也存在不足之处。本文综述了众多专家学者在利用Hakanson指数法进行土壤重金属生态风险评价中的研究成果,介绍了利用土壤重金属元素形态、修改毒性响应系数和生态危害风险指数等对Hakanson指数模型进行改进的方法和步骤,讨论了Hakanson指数法在评价土壤重金属生态风险方面的应用进展。  相似文献   

7.
遵义东南部地区农业土壤重金属分布特征及风险评价   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
陈红亮  谭红  谢锋  许华杰  宋玉萍  何锦林 《核农学报》2008,22(1):105-110,17
对贵州省遵义东南部地区农业土壤重金属As、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg污染现状进行调查和分析,结果表明,该地区重金属平均含量分别为:As 11.39mg/kg,Pb 38.75mg/kg,Cd 0.34mg/kg,Cr 40.45mg/kg,Hg0.21mg/kg。主要污染物为Cd,单项污染指数是1.13,单项生态危害系数是50.85,为中等生态危害级,遵义县污染指数最高为1.43,单项生态危害系数为64.35。同时通过污染指数与生态危害系数比较,表明Cd、Hg在构成土壤环境污染的同时,也造成了相应的生态危害。  相似文献   

8.
9.
重金属污染土壤的微生物学评价   总被引:54,自引:2,他引:54  
蒋先军  骆永明  赵其国 《土壤》2000,32(3):130-134
随着研究方法 改进,采用微生物学指标评价土壤重金属污染越来越受人们关注。比较敏感的指标有:对重金属敏感细菌与耐性细菌之比,脱氢酶活性与土壤有机碳之比,代谢商,微生物生物量碳与土壤有机碳之比,异养因氮菌的固氮作用。但微生物的生物是及其活性在受重属金影响的同时也受土壤性质及自然条件的影响,应当把微生物学性质的变化与重金属的形态、植物吸收联系起来评介污染土壤。  相似文献   

10.
沈阳市部分农田土壤重金属污染评价   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
以土壤重金属含量为依据,以土壤环境背景值为评价标准,对沈阳市部分农田土壤的重金属污染状部作了初步评价,并分析了土壤重金属含量与农作物的关系,为防治土壤重金属污染提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

11.
采用地积累指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对广西某蔗田土壤中重金属污染进行评价。结果表明:4种重金属元素的地积累指数污染程度由强到弱依次为:CdZnPbCu,潜在生态危害指数污染程度由强到弱依次为:CdPbCuZn,其中Zn的影响程度发生了变化。2种评价方法的结果存在差异,蔗田土壤的地积累指数污染程度处于无污染情况,而潜在生态危害指数污染程度处于低度危害程度。潜在生态危害指数考虑外源重金属的富集程度和不同重金属的生物毒性的影响,使其评价结果更准确。  相似文献   

12.
[目的]研究土壤中重金属污染与生态风险状况,为保障城市更新改造过程中土地的合理利用提供科学依据。[方法]以上海市某大型再开发利用场地为研究对象,采集了102个点位的表层(0-0.5 m)和下层(1.5-2.0 m)土壤样品,测定10种重金属(As,Be,Cu,Pb,Ni,TI,Zn,Cd,Cr和Hg)浓度,采用地累积指数、内梅罗指数和潜在生态风险指数进行土壤重金属污染和生态风险评价,并进一步利用多元统计分析方法揭示土壤中重金属的来源情况。[结果]①测试土壤中重金属均未超过《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB36600-2018)第二类用地风险筛选值,但6.9%,24.5%,25.5%,37.3%和63.7%的采样点土壤中As,Cu,Pb,Zn和Hg浓度超过土壤元素背景值,存在不同程度的累积现象。内梅罗指数评价结果表明研究区域土壤整体处于尚清洁到轻度污染状态,分别有11.8%和3.84%的表层区域与2.64%和0.63%的下层区域土壤呈中度污染和重度污染状态。②表层土壤综合潜在生态风险指数均值为89.91,处于中等风险水平,Hg为研究区域主要的生态风险因子。③土壤中Ni,Cr,Be和TI浓度主要受成土母质风化作用的自然源控制,Pb,Zn,Cu,As和Hg主要受交通运输源和历史农业活动源的影响,其中自然源对表层土壤中的As和下层土壤中Cu也有相当比例的贡献,而表层土壤中Hg更多受到除交通运输源以外的其他人类活动源影响。[结论]后续土地利用过程应注重Hg的生态风险管控,并提高对外来交通源引起的重金属累积效应的关注。  相似文献   

13.
为了解我国金银花主产区花和土壤重金属污染情况以及暴露风险,本试验对我国三大主产区(山东平邑、河南封丘、河北巨鹿)的金银花和土壤进行取样调查,测定了金银花和土壤中Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Hg、Cd、Mn 元素含量,分析了这9种元素在金银花及其生长土壤中的分布和相关性,并对土壤重金属的污染情况进行了地质累计指数、潜在生态风险和健康风险评价。结果表明,土壤中Cd和Cu元素的含量大多高于当地土壤背景值,而其他元素的含量大多低于当地土壤背景值;各元素含量均未超出农用地土壤污染风险管制值。金银花对土壤中不同元素的富集能力不同,不同产地金银花对相同元素的富集能力也存在差异。金银花对土壤中各元素富集系数的趋势为As相似文献   

14.
M. DAYANI  J. MOHAMMADI 《土壤圈》2010,20(5):568-577
Due to the lack of regulation and environmental education and awareness, Sepahanshahr located in vicinity of Isfahan City, central Iran, is now a rapid growing residential area suffering from the considerable consequences of poorly regulated mining activities operating in its vicinity. A survey was carried out on soil Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations around Sepahanshahr Town to explore the spatial structure of Pb, Zn and Cd distribution and to map their concentrations using geostatistical techniques. 100 near-surface soil samples were collected and analyzed for Pb, Zn and Cd and some related soil physical and chemical variables such as pH, organic matter content, electrical conductivity, and clay, silt and sand contents. The variography results showed a strong spatial dependency in heavy metals concentration due to the dilution effects of natural factors including atmospheric dispersion and precipitation. The almost same range values calculated for both ln-transformed Pb and sand data suggested presence of spatial co-regionalization. However, ln-transformed Zn data showed a shorter spatial dependency among the three tested heavy metals. Kriged maps of all three heavy metals showed a strong gradient of contamination around the three mining sites activating in the area. The results of this study provide insight into identification of the extent and spatial variability of Pb, Zn and Cd pollution in the mining sites and surrounding urban areas.  相似文献   

15.
以陕西省靖边县表层土壤(0~20 cm)为研究对象,应用SPSS 19.0软件分析土壤样品中重金属Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb、Hg等7种重金属的含量及来源,运用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法评价研究区土壤重金属潜在生态危害程度。结果表明,研究区土壤重金属平均含量均低于《土壤环境质量标准》二级标准,各重金属元素变异性较小;相关性分析表明,研究区土壤重金属元素中Cu、Zn、As、Pb两两之间呈极显著的正相关关系;因子分子显示,土壤中重金属的主要来源可能包括研究区附近石油开采活动、交通运输、无机农药和化肥的施用以及工业和居民燃煤等;生态危害评价显示,研究区土壤中仅有Cd元素存在潜在生态风险,其他Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb、Hg 6种元素的潜在生态风险均处于低危害水平。  相似文献   

16.
    
Fertilizers are widely applied in agricultural practice to improve crop yield and quality. However, they can also alter the behavior of soil pollutants. A field experiment was conducted on a chernozem in Heilongjiang Province, China. Various proportions of inorganic nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and organic (manure) fertilizers were applied. Soil samples were collected four times over 2 years, and the total concentrations and speciation of chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) were analyzed. Inorganic fertilizer addition had little effect on the total concentration of Cr and Cd, while organic fertilizer addition reduced the total concentrations of both Cr and Cd. Inorganic fertilizers increased the concentration of Cr in the exchangeable form, but decreased that of the residual form (P < 0.05). Addition of inorganic or organic fertilizer alone decreased concentrations of exchangeable Cd (P < 0.05), but the combination of inorganic and organic fertilizers had the opposite effect. High concentration of total Cd exceeding the upper limits of the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils proposed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China could result in an environmental risk, and fertilizer application could lower that risk. Results of risk assessment code calculated as the percentage of the sum of metal concentrations in the exchangeable and carbonate-associated form in total metal concentration showed that Cr and Cd risks were lowered when organic fertilizer was applied alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers. Our study highlighted that organic fertilizer should be applied alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers to lower the environmental risks of Cr and Cd pollution in the chernozem.  相似文献   

17.
红壤重金属的复合污染   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
The effects of combined heavy metal pollution of red soil on the growth of wetland rice and the transfer of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn from soil into plants were sudied by greenhouse pot experiment,The results showed that the plantyields were markedly affected by heavy metals,with the exception of Pb,in soils under the experimental conditions,without taking into consideration all the interactions among the elements.The concentrations of the elemets in plants were mainly affected by the specific element added to the soil.The effect of interactions among the heavy metals was very significant either on plant yields or on the concentration of the elements in plants.The risk assessment of a combined pollution by heavy metals in the soil is discussed preliminarily in terms of the relative pollution equivalent.  相似文献   

18.
    
In the environment, heavy metal contamination is a well known problem due to its persistence and toxicity. Heavy metal pollution has significantly affected soil properties and functions, resulting in significantly increased land degradation as a result of anthropogenic interventions that include mining and various industrial and agriculture activities. While heavy metals pollution in soil have been studied very rarely in this District, this paper explores the current status of agricultural soil pollution by heavy metals in Raebareli. This study identifies heavy metals as well as their quantities in the soil and their spatial distribution; our study employed various pollutant indices and geographical information system (GIS) techniques. This research work evaluated the physiochemical properties, the pollution load index (PLI), contamination factor (CF) and the degree of contamination and geoaccumulation (Igeo) in sodic soils of the Raebareli District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Uchahaar site (US) has the most polluted soil, while the Bacharawa site (BS) has the least contaminated soil. The soil quality has degraded due to anthropogenic interventions at most sites. There is slight to moderate contamination by heavy metals at all sites. The Igeo values in subSites US1, US2 and US3 included high levels of Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn and Sr. SubSites BS2 and BS3 have high Sr levels and US1 has a high As level all these Subsites have high anthropogenic influences. The PLI values indicate that most of the study subSites come under a slightly polluted class, except US1 where the PLl was > 3 indicating severe heavy metal pollution at this site. All the pollution indices have then been utilized for building maps using the IDW method of interpolation. The spatial projection of PLI and ecological risk index (Er) values suggest that the northern part of Raebareli has a high pollution load and ecological risk in terms of heavy metal pollution. This study provide valuable information that policymakers could use to develop an appropriate plan to control pollution within the agricultural sector.  相似文献   

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