光振耦合对蝗虫趋光响应驱动增效效应的影响及测定

依据蝗虫趋光机理和振动惊吓蝗虫反应特性,利用LED光源、振动激发设备和蝗虫行为试验装置,进行了蝗虫对光振耦合和光谱光照趋光响应的对比测定。结果显示:光谱光照和振动的耦合效应对蝗虫趋光产生了推拉驱动激发效果,振动刺激驱动增效了蝗虫趋光响应的程度,并增益了蝗虫趋光响应的实现,而光谱光照决定了蝗虫的趋光诱导效果;光谱光照和振动刺激蝗虫不同感受器引发蝗虫神经生理敏感反应的差别,导致振动频率50Hz、振动400ms而间歇停止1s、较高激振力的循环振动模式与紫光耦合激发蝗虫趋光响应强度和增效程度较佳;光振耦合效应激发蝗虫,会导致蝗虫产生有利于趋光的生理效应,且光振能量越强,对蝗虫趋光生理反应的初始激发效应也越强;蝗虫对光振刺激敏感反应点的差异性、光振传播的衰减性、蝗虫对光振刺激的敏感选择调谐性等,影响光振耦合对蝗虫趋光激发的增效程度。因此,在蝗虫趋光有效的光照范围内,通过利用振动惊吓蝗虫反应的强度门限值与振动激发蝗虫趋光最佳的调控模式的组合,来实施逐步移动逼近式的调控性振动激发,可满足振动激发蝗虫趋光增效的技术需求,进而为蝗虫光电诱导物理捕集设备的研制和实施提供了技术支撑。     

光温耦合效应对蝗虫趋光增益的影响（英）

为给蝗虫灾害光电诱导捕集治理技术中蝗虫趋光增益性热源温度参数的确定及光温耦合调控效应的有效实施提供技术支持,该文利用LED光源、温控加热装置和行为反应试验装置,采用对比试验法进行蝗虫趋光增益性热源温度的优选,探讨光温耦合效应与环境温度作用对蝗虫趋光增益行为影响的机理。结果显示：热源温度高低、光谱色光照、环境温度及蝗虫昼行夜伏性活动规律影响夜间蝗虫对光温耦合效应的选择,热源温度于蝗虫的趋光响应具有增益效应,其中以65℃热源温度于蝗虫的趋光增益作用最佳;同一时间段内,蝗虫对紫光与65℃热源温度耦合效应的选择最优;热源温度对蝗虫的光温诱导起增益群集作用,而光谱色光照对蝗虫诱导起主要作用。该项目的开展对于蝗虫光电诱导捕集机械化技术中在确定温度增益调控参数以及诱导区域内光温耦合效应对蝗虫诱导率的评估可提供实践指导参考。     

气扰刺激与波谱光源耦合作用下蝗虫的诱导捕集试验

灾害蝗虫光电诱导捕集技术中,致使蝗虫产生良好趋光效率的诱导光源是获取该技术高效应用的关键。为给诱导光源的研制提供最优设计参数,利用自行设计的发光二极管(light emitting diode,LED)阵列波谱光源与光电诱导蝗虫滑移捕集机分别进行了蝗虫趋光行为的对比试验和诱导捕集试验。结果表明:与其他诱导光源相比较,蓝色(465 nm)波谱光源和白色(395~720 nm)波谱光源均能促使蝗虫产生较为明确的趋向选择行为且具有相对较高的趋向运动速度,最终诱使较多的蝗虫集聚于诱导光源区域;气扰刺激能够激发处于栖息状态蝗虫的生理活性,促使蝗虫对波谱光源产生较强的趋向行为并表现出较高的趋向运动速度。气扰刺激与波谱光源的耦合作用可使蝗虫的趋光行为同时具有明确的方向选择性、较强的趋向运动持续性和较高的趋向运动速度,能够显著提高波谱光源对灾害蝗虫的诱导率,并能提高光电诱导蝗虫滑移捕集机对灾害蝗虫的捕集效率和捕集总量。研究结果为光电诱导蝗虫捕集技术中诱导光源的研制提供了设计参数方面的参考。     

光源与机械刺激下蝗虫的运动行为

为提高光电诱导机械捕集蝗虫设备的捕集效率,本研究利用LED光源和自制的行为反应试验装置采用对比试验法,测定了蝗虫在诱导光源与机械刺激作用下的运动方向性和运动敏感性,探讨了蝗虫对外界刺激的神经反应与运动行为间的相互关系。结果显示:不同因素刺激下蝗虫表现出不同的运动行为。机械刺激作用下蝗虫的运动敏感性提高,但无明显的运动方向性;诱导光源作用下蝗虫具有明显方向选择性,但运动敏感性随时间逐步衰减;机械刺激与光源刺激耦合作用下蝗虫既有较强的方向选择性,又有持续的运动敏感性。     

LED光源R／B对叶用莴苣生理性状及品质的影响

研究不同红／蓝（R／B）光强配比对叶用莴苣（LactucasativaL．）生理性状及品质方面的影响,以便为新型人工光源在莴苣生产上的应用提供理论依据。试验利用波长为660nm（±20nm）红光与450nm（±20nm）蓝光发光二极管（LightEmittingDiode,LED）作为人工光源,设置3个R／B试验处理,分别为LED1（R／B=10）、LED2（R／B=8）、LED3（R／B=6）,以1个荧光灯处理为对照（CK）,选用水耕栽培模式在不同光照环境下培育叶用莴苣30d。结果表明：660nm红光和450nm蓝光组合可以有效提高莴苣的光能利用率,促进光合作用;适宜的红蓝光比例能有效增加植物Vc含量,并降低硝酸盐含量。其中,处理LED2（R／B=8）的叶用莴苣净光合速率及Vc含量明显高于其他试验处理,而硝酸盐含量最低,表现出良好的生理和品质特性,因此,R／B=8相对更适宜叶用莴苣的生长发育。     

基于LED组合光源的水晶梨可溶性固形物和大小在线检测

该文探讨了近红外光谱技术结合发光二极管（LED）组合光源探头在线检测水晶梨的可溶性固形物和大小的可行性。试验中采用850、880和940 nm 3盏LED组成组合光源探头,每个水晶梨在均匀成单列的输送线上以每秒5个梨的速度运动,采用漫反射方式采集水晶梨的漫反射光谱。应用偏最小二乘（PLS）和最小二乘支持向量机（LS-SVM）方法建立了可溶性固形物和大小2个理化参数的校正模型,同时对不同光谱预处理方法（平滑、一阶微分、二阶微分）建立的模型的预测性能进行了对比分析,并通过外部验证来检验模型预测的准确性。利用平     

环绕式LED光质对蛋白核小球藻生长代谢影响

微藻是一类生长速度快、环境适应能力强的单细胞自养生物，利用其生产的碳水化合物、蛋白质、油脂等已在食品、水产养殖、医疗保健等领域广泛应用，然而，高养殖成本始终是限制其产业化发展的难点之一。光源是微藻培养的重要环境因子，现有研究多报道波段及光照周期对微藻生长代谢的影响，其所用光源几乎均采用单侧排布，光在藻液中分布的均匀性和稳定性易受藻液光径、藻密度等影响。该研究以商业化较成熟的微藻——蛋白核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa）为对象，将环绕式LED人工光源应用于微藻培养中，采用光强为100 μmol/(m²·s)的白、红、黄、绿、蓝、紫6种光质分别培养蛋白核小球藻21 d，每日监测藻液中生物量和光合色素含量变化，测定培养末期（D21）藻体中的蛋白质、油脂和碳水化合物含量及脂肪酸组成和丰度，分析不同波段光质对蛋白核小球藻生长代谢的影响。结果显示，相较于对照组（白光），绿光和蓝光分别培养蛋白核小球藻7 d和9 d后其生物量显著提高（P<0.05），培养末期（D21）绿光组和蓝光组的生物量分别提高了24.4%和8.0%（P<0.05）；藻液中叶绿素a的变化趋势与生物量变化类似，但绿光组藻体中总光合色素质量分数却显著低于紫光组（P<0.05），可能与微藻对紫光的吸收利用率低有关（需要合成更多光合色素来获取光能）；红光组中碳水化合物质量分数增加11.5%而油脂质量分数显著下降23.8%（P<0.05）；蓝光最利于油脂累积，显著提升26.2%（P<0.05）；紫光使蛋白核小球藻的碳分配从碳水化合物向蛋白质合成方向分流；脂肪酸分析表明，绿光和紫光最利于总脂肪酸累积，较对照组（39.5‰）分别提升20.1%和18.2%（P<0.05）；绿光和蓝光更有利于多不饱和脂肪酸的合成。研究结果可为蛋白核小球藻胞内碳分配的优化调控提供有效的光源配置方案，为蛋白核小球藻的高效优质生产提供理论参考。     

LED光源不同R/B处理对甘薯组培苗品质及节能效果的影响

采用红色LED(660±20nm)和蓝色LED(450±20nm)组合制成的LED灯管作为组培人工光源,研究光照度为35μmol.m-2.s-1时,红蓝光质比(R/B)分别为4、6、8、10的光环境培养条件下甘薯组培苗的生长情况,以相同光照度的荧光灯为对照,培育甘薯组培苗28d。结果表明:660nm红光和450nm蓝光组合可以有效抑制植物徒长,有降低地上部分含水率和提高根冠比的作用,荧光灯下生长的植株地上鲜重、叶片含水率和株高均最大,但是植株徒长,干物质积累不良。高的R/B处理能提高植株高度和根冠比,增大地下鲜重,降低地上含水率,有利于干物质积累;R/B为8时甘薯组培苗的地下鲜重和根冠比均最大;R/B变化对叶片光合色素含量没有显著影响。另外,LED光源的电能消耗与R/B值呈线性增加关系,并比荧光灯节能27.6%~48.0%。     

昼夜连续照射LED红蓝光对不同品种生菜生长和品质的影响

为探究生菜对全生长期连续光照的响应及品种差异性,在密闭式植物工厂内,以LED红蓝光为光源研究了水培条件下常规光照（12h/12h,NL）与连续光照（24h/0h,CL）对5种生菜生长和品质的影响。结果表明：与常规光照（NL）处理相比,连续光照（CL）处理显著提高了除“大卫”外其它4种生菜的地上部鲜重,其中“绿罗”生菜增加幅度最高。生长初期连续光照（CL）处理下5种生菜叶片叶绿素含量显著高于常规光照（NL）处理,但在生长后期,5种生菜两个处理下的叶绿素含量均无显著差异。与常规光照处理相比,连续光照处理显著提高了5种生菜可溶性糖、总酚和类黄酮含量,以及其中2种紫叶生菜的花青素含量。除“绿罗”外,其它4个品种连续光照处理下的抗坏血酸总量均略有或显著升高,其中主要提高了还原型抗坏血酸的含量,对脱氢抗坏血酸含量的影响不显著。总之,全生长期连续光照能显著提高生菜的产量,促进可溶性糖和抗氧化物质合成;5个品种生菜对连续光照的适应性存在差异,其中“绿罗”的适应性最强;全生长期连续光照运用于植物工厂生菜生产对提高产量和品质的潜力较大。     

龟裂碱土对植被冠层光谱特征及长势预测的影响

为了通过统一土壤背景来量化龟裂碱土对其上覆植被冠层光谱的影响,通过野外原位测定,系统分析了龟裂碱土上覆植被在自然和覆盖条件下5个典型生育期冠层光谱特征、光谱反射率与叶片叶绿素值和叶面积指数（leaf area index,LAI）之间的关系,进而建立了不同条件下2个生理指标的预测模型。结果表明：覆盖条件下向日葵三对叶期冠层光谱反射率较自然条件下在400～520和1 027～1 130 nm平均降低了0.10,在521～1 026 nm平均降低了0.18;其他生育期覆盖条件下冠层光谱反射率较自然条件下在可见光波段下降,在近红外区域增加（其中七对叶期在720～1 050 nm平均增幅为11.29%）。自然条件下三对叶期冠层光谱反射率与叶绿素值和LAI平均相关系数分别为0.68和0.47,开花期、乳熟期光谱反射率与叶绿素值和LAI与三对叶期相关性相似;其他2个生育期冠层光谱反射率自然条件下在可见光波段与2个生理指标平均相关系数分别为-0.27和-0.52,在近红外区域分别为0.53和0.69,覆盖条件下相关系数明显高于自然条件。三对叶期建立的叶片叶绿素值和LAI预测方程决定系数最小,现蕾期最大。除三对叶期外,其他时期对2个生理指标的预测模型的拟合度都较高（RSPAD为0.61～0.88,RLAI为0.72～0.92）,预测能力也较强;引入土壤pH值可以增强模型的稳定性和预测能力。研究结果可为该地区龟裂碱土上覆植被长势估测提供理论依据。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures: Resolving the “wicked” problem of the Steller sea lion

“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.     

Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage

Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.