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1.
气动翻转双向犁及气缸的设计   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
利用气压作动力,选用双向齿轮齿条传动活塞气缸,驱动铧式双向犁左右翻转,完成闭垄耕作,可替代国内外双向犁上常用的液压翻转装置。通过设计、受力分析,引用函数逼近法找出了气动背压机构的最佳参数。实验表明,其性能指标均达到国家有关标准要求,且结构和制造工艺简化,生产成本降低,增加了农用拖拉机的适用性。  相似文献   

2.
双向犁翻转机构反求设计   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以液压翻转犁为模型机,运用反求工程技术,对其液压翻转机构进行反求分析和研究,掌握了该类机构设计的关键技术,建立了翻转机构优化设计的数学模型及完成相应计算程序,并将反求结果用于与国产拖拉机配套的1LF-335液压翻转犁。该犁已投入批量生产,翻转机构性能良好。  相似文献   

3.
换向机构是水平换向双向犁顺畅工作的关键,为实现换向方便、平稳,文章对水平换向双向犁的换向机构进行分析,推导出换向机构的结构参数h、∠BAD等与基础犁梁的角加速度、油缸活塞杆的推力之间的关系,建立了换向机构的数学模型;用C语言编程对上述参数进行优化设计;设计结果应用于1LB-240型水平换向双向犁上,检测表明设计结果合理、工作可靠,换向方便、平稳,达到了设计要求.该方法可应用于其它类似结构的优化设计.  相似文献   

4.
半悬挂犁工作幅宽大,作业效率高,非常适应大农业生产的要求,为了合理地进行半悬挂犁与拖拉机机组的配套设计和使用,减少耕作过程中的功率消耗,提高机组效率,就必须要对半悬挂犁进行受力和结构参数分析,传统的分析方法是利用图解法。本文从理论上分析了采用图解法进行半悬挂犁受力分析所存在的问题,建立了半悬挂犁受力的矩阵方程组,利用计算机辅助分析,预测了半悬挂犁机组各结构参数变化对机组受力工况的影响,从而为半悬挂犁机组的合理配置、强度计算和优化设计提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

5.
半悬挂犁工作幅宽大,作业效率高,非常适应大农业生产的要求,为了合理地进行半悬挂犁与拖拉机机组的配套设计和使用,减少耕作过程中的功率消耗,提高机组效率,就必须要对半悬挂犁进行受力和结构参数分析,传统的分析方法是利用图解法。本文从理论上分析了采用图解法进行半悬挂犁受力分析所存在的问题,建立了半悬挂犁受力的矩阵方程组,利用计算机辅助分析,预测了半悬挂犁机组各结构参数变化对机组受力工况的影响,从而为半悬挂犁机组的合理配置、强度计算和优化设计提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

6.
小麦播种机开沟器双向平行四杆仿形机构的设计及运动仿真   总被引:11,自引:11,他引:0  
寒地冬小麦一般在秋季作物的垄沟两侧进行播种,为了保证冬小麦开沟器不到垄台上伤害正在生长的农作物,该文设计了双向仿形平行四杆机构。该文对仿形机构进行受力分析,确定了影响仿形性能的各参数;根据初始工作角和最大下仿形量,设计出仿形杆的长度为386.37 mm,最大上仿形量为98.35 mm;在左右达到最大仿形量时,确定左右仿形角为15°。最后应用CATIA软件进行运动仿真分析,通过运动仿真表明,仿形机构可实现上下、左右仿形,上下仿形量可达到170 mm,左右仿形量可达到100 mm,满足理论设计的双向仿形量。该机构为研制冬小麦免耕播种机提供了依据。  相似文献   

7.
近年来,犁体曲面的设计正在由经验设计向以数学解析法来描述和设计的方向发展,将农业技术要求与犁体曲面的参数在设计中有机地联系起来,无疑已成为今后犁体曲面设计的发展方向。本文以计算机为手段,对犁体曲面轮廓线的形成原理及方法进行研究与探讨,将农业技术对耕作质量的要求与设计参数联系起来,建立了不同农艺要求、不同犁体曲面数学模型、不同设计参数与其应具有的轮廓线之间的定量关系。  相似文献   

8.
提出了基于流道泥沙沉积过程的滴灌灌水器水力性能动态评价方法,以反映灌水器浑水流量对其进口压力变化和泥沙沉积过程的敏感程度。以3种双向流道灌水器和1种迷宫式流道灌水器为研究对象,在3种进口压力下,分别进行清水和浑水试验。结果表明,迷宫式流道灌水器流态指数浑水条件下相比清水增大74.85%,1#,2#和3#双向流道灌水器分别增大38.47%,41.26%,46.25%,流道中泥沙的沉积使其水力性能变差;双向流道灌水器浑水流态指数均小于迷宫式流道灌水器;随着浑水试验次数的增加,4种灌水器浑水流态指数总体趋势是逐渐增大,成因是流道中泥沙沉积的累积效应,反映了浑水条件下水力性能的动态变化过程;相同压力变化,浑水条件下迷宫式流道灌水器流量变化率比清水时增大40.43%,1#,2#和3#双向流道灌水器分别增大17.23%,19.43%,22.33%,迷宫式流道灌水器增大程度大于双向流道灌水器,导致其水力性能相对双向流道灌水器下降较大;4种灌水器水力性能与抗堵性能差异均显著,且双向流道灌水器的水力性能与抗堵性能均优于迷宫式流道灌水器,说明灌水器流道结构形式及结构参数是影响灌水器整体性能的重要因素。  相似文献   

9.
基于五杆机构的注射式免耕播种成穴轨迹分析与参数求解   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对特殊轨迹要求进行机构分析与参数求解,为注射式免耕播种模式的实施奠定基础。轨迹形成机构基于五杆机构设计,在建立机构数学模型的基础上,分析双曲柄等速五杆机构的存在条件及空间约束;给定成穴点相对轨迹的可行域,利用CATIA(computer aided three-dimensional interactive application)进行参数化建模、运动仿真及轨迹绘制;运用轨迹区域定位法,研究成穴器端点的区域轨迹分布特性;运用数值循环比较法,研究参数对轨迹的影响规律,结合约束条件,求得对应不同株距的结构调整参数与作业参数组合,可形成251.2~344.7 mm竖直方向的有效作业轨迹。样机试验及高速影像分析表明,基于五杆的免耕播种轨迹形成机构能够在秸秆高度还田的情况下带动成穴器完成打穴作业,能有效穿透秸秆并按要求成穴,刮带现象少。研究也证实了轨迹区域定位与数值循环比较法相结合可有效提高五杆机构参数组合求解的效率,为实现大长短轴比的类椭圆形轨迹的五杆机构参数的求解提供有效的方法。  相似文献   

10.
不同结构滴灌双向流道灌水器抗堵性能对比试验   总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0  
该文开展滴灌双向流道抗堵性能研究,以提高灌水器对含沙率较高的地表水源的适应性。试验浑水含沙率为30 g/L,经20次浑水试验,设置3种结构参数不同的双向流道灌水器(1#,2#,3#),并对比迷宫式流道灌水器的水力性能和抗堵性能。结果表明:1#、2#、3#双向流道浑水流量分别为清水流量的77.44%,83.35%,85.43%,而迷宫式流道在12次试验后完全堵塞。双向流道灌水器与迷宫式流道灌水器的水力性能及抗堵性能差异显著,且双向流道的水力性能及抗堵性能均优于迷宫式流道;双向流道水力性能越好,抗堵性能越差;流道形式及结构参数是影响灌水器水力性能及抗堵性能的重要因素。试验结束后,观测流道泥沙沉积情况,发现泥沙沉积程度由前段(进口)到后段(出口)逐渐减少;采用电子显微镜分别获取流道前段、中段和后段沉积泥沙样品扫描图像,利用Image Pro Plus 6.0软件分析沉积泥沙样品的粒径组成,发现沿流道方向,粒径(29)0.03 mm的泥沙颗粒质量分数逐渐减小,粒径(27)0.005 mm的泥沙颗粒质量分数呈先减小后增加的趋势;流道沉积泥沙中粒径(27)0.03 mm的颗粒质量分数占92.23%~97.89%,此粒径范围的泥沙颗粒更易在双向流道内沉积,引起堵塞。  相似文献   

11.
高利华  屈忠义 《土壤》2017,49(3):614-620
通过田间小区试验,研究膜下滴灌条件下农田施用生物炭0 t/hm2(A0)、15 t/hm2(A15)、30 t/hm2(A30)和45 t/hm2(A45)后玉米各生育期土壤含水率、温度和有机质及速效养分含量的变化规律.试验结果表明:在每个生育期,各处理耕层土壤含水率均随生物炭施用量增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,且均高于对照.在玉米拔节期、抽雄期和灌浆期差异性显著,且显著相关,其中A30处理增幅最大,达13.74%;在玉米三叶期和拔节初期,施用生物炭显著提高土壤表层温度,且呈正相关;在抽雄期、灌浆期和成熟期,土壤表层温度依次为A30>A0>A45>A15,与施炭量没有表现出显著相关;耕层土壤有机质和有效磷含量随施炭量增加而显著增加,且均高于对照,与施炭量表现出极显著相关;整个玉米生育期,相比对照A0,处理A15、A30和A45有机质最大增幅分别为:14%、20%和58%,有效磷最大增幅分别为:62%、99%和113%;施用生物炭后,各处理均显著提高了耕层土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量,相比对照A0,处理A15、A30和A45碱解氮的最大增幅分别为13%、17%和10%,速效钾的最大增幅分别为:35%、48%和63%.综上所述,膜下滴灌条件下适量施用生物炭可有效增加耕层土壤含水率、土壤温度和有机质及速效养分,生物炭具有一定的保水、保温、保肥特性,有利于提高土壤水、肥利用率.  相似文献   

12.
Investigations were carried out in order to determine relationships between soil parameters and draught of model plough bodies. Four kinds of soils were used: two natural soils and two mixtures of natural components. Using the power model of multiple regression, based on dimensionless variables, for each soil the predictive equation was obtained, containing the coefficients of horizontal and vertical soil compaction by a plunger, soil bulk density, soil moisture content and scale coefficient of the implement. For each equation a determination coefficient > 50% was obtained. On this basis the generalized predictive equation for four soils was obtained, introducing additionally both organic matter content and silt content (< 0.02 mm) as parameters differentiating particular kinds of soil. In this equation the coefficient of horizontal compaction was introduced as the only soil parameter measured by penetrometer, while all other parameters were soil physical properties, measured by standard methods. For field conditions and full scale plough bodies a hypothetical nomogram was constructed. To prove its validity additional investigations should be conducted.  相似文献   

13.
A field experiment conducted over two years examined the effect of increasing depth of cultivation from 1 to 40 cm on crop yields in a generally compacted soil where a plough pan had developed. The test crop was sugar beet in the first year and peas in the second; both crops were grown under irrigated and unirrigated conditions. Measurements showed that the physical condition of the uncultivated profile to a depth of 40 cm was unfavourable for root growth, but that the plough pan represented a greater constraint. The weather in the two years differed markedly: 1976 was much drier, and 1977 wetter, than average. Under conditions of moderate stress, i.e. 1976 irrigated and 1977 unirrigated treatments, when maximum soil moisture deficits (SMD) of 60 and 137 mm, respectively, were achieved, cultivation to 40 cm gave maximum yield. Under conditions of low moisture stress (1977 irrigated, maximum deficit 40 mm), cultivation to 10 cm was adequate. The SMD reached 250 mm in the 1976 unirrigated crop and here cultivation to 10 or 20 cm gave maximum yield. Neutron probe soil moisture measurements showed that the ability of the crop to extract water from lower horizons was restricted in compact soil conditions.  相似文献   

14.
The decline in cotton yields in the Gezira Scheme, Sudan, has been partially attributed to deterioration in soil physical properties and the formation of a plough pan 20 cm deep as a result of the repeated use of the disc plough for land preparation. This field study was conducted during the 1990/91 season at the Gezira Research Station Farm to evaluate the effect of tillage on some soil physical properties of Vertisols, root growth and yield of cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.). Three tillage systems were used: disc harrowing (DH), three bottom disc plough (DP) and subsoiling (SS). Infiltration rates, bulk densities, soil penetration resistance, moisture depletion and root and shoot growth were measured. The results indicated that infiltration rate was not increased significantly by SS. Plant height and shoot dry matter were significantly higher with SS at later growth stages. Bulk density of the plough pan at 135 days after sowing accounted for 90% of the observed variation in subsoil root dry weight while soil penetration resistance accounted for 59% of the variation. Subsoiling increased water use efficiency 25 and 13% over DH and DP respectively. Subsoiling increased cotton yields over DH but the increase over DP was not significant.  相似文献   

15.
石羊河流域农田休闲期耗水规律研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过微型蒸渗器和diviner2000土壤水分测定仪测定了不同耕作及储水灌溉条件下农田休闲期土壤水分动态变化规律,并结合气象数据比较不同耕作方式和灌水处理的优越性,分析了休闲期不同耕作方式及储水灌溉措施对土壤水分及降水利用的影响。研究结果表明,春耕可减少农田表层土壤蒸发,保水效果较好;低定额储水灌溉既没有造成深层渗漏,且蒸发损失小;冬季大定额储水灌溉产生43.86 mm的深层渗漏和121.11mm的土壤水分蒸发,形成了水资源的无效流失;而春耕+免储水灌溉只产生54.41 mm水分损失,节水效果显著。土壤蒸发和深层渗漏产生的土壤水分损失大小顺序为:传统冬季储水灌溉>低定额储水灌溉>秋耕+免储水灌溉>春耕+免储水灌溉,低定额储水灌、秋耕+免储水灌溉、春耕+免储水灌溉处理土壤水分损失较对照分别减少53.44 mm、97.52 mm和110.56 mm(土面蒸发+深层渗漏)。石羊河流域春耕+免储水灌溉处理可有效减少休闲期水分损失,提高休闲期水分利用效率。  相似文献   

16.
犁翻旋耕复式作业耕整机的设计与试验   总被引:8,自引:6,他引:2  
为了满足稻麦轮作耕作方式的整地需求,设计研制一款集翻耕、旋耕、秸秆粉碎还田等多道工序的犁翻旋耕复试作业整地机械。根据机器复试作业的特点,设计过程重点考虑犁耕与旋耕作业之间的交互作用,将旋耕机架整体向右侧偏置210 mm,且左、右旋耕刀辊内侧旋耕刀至副减速箱距离均为50 mm。根据实际田间作业情况,应用 EDEM 仿真软件进行虚拟田间作业仿真,仿真结果表明:碎土率为91.4%,地表平整度小于20 mm。在设计与仿真的基础上,进行田间试验,设计一组先犁耕后旋耕作业试验与犁旋耕整机复式作业相对照,田间试验表明:犁旋耕整机作业后,耕宽、耕深、地表平整度分别为1.98 m、21.6 cm、1.87 cm,耕深稳定系数、耕宽稳定系数、碎土率、植被覆盖率均达到90%以上,各项指标均优于二次整地模式,且在油耗、生产率指标上远远优于后者。该研究为复式整地机械的研制及交互性设计提供参考。  相似文献   

17.
坡耕地局部打破犁底层对水分入渗的影响   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
针对我国东北半干旱地区坡耕地的耕作层逐年变薄,结构坚硬、紧密的犁底层上移变厚,造成土壤透水、通气性极差,土壤径流、泥沙侵蚀严重,严重影响水分的入渗。利用同心环有压入渗试验及野外模拟降雨试验,研究了在垄作区田的坡耕地中,根据区田土垱之间打破犁底层范围的不同,来分析坡耕地的犁底层对水分入渗的影响。结果表明局部打破犁底层后水分稳定入渗率提高,产流时间延长,径流和泥沙明显减少。  相似文献   

18.
犁底层深度对膜下滴灌土壤水盐运移影响的模拟研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了探寻膜下滴灌条件下犁底层深度对土壤水盐运移的影响规律,采用室内土柱模拟试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,对不同犁底层深度(无犁底层,CK;25 cm深度,PB25;30 cm深度,PB30;35 cm深度,PB35;40 cm深度,PB40;45 cm深度,PB45)下土壤水盐运移规律进行了研究,结果表明:犁底层可以阻碍水分运移,降低水分入渗速率且有一定的阻水性,蒸发结束后PB处理表层10 ~ 20 cm土壤含水率比CK处理大;犁底层有一定的抑盐作用,CK处理上部10 ~ 20 cm土层的“洗盐”效果比PB处理好,蒸发结束后上部10 ~ 20 cm土层盐分最大的是PB30处理,最小的是PB45处理;利用HYDRUS-1D模型对膜下滴灌条件下犁底层对土壤水盐运移的变化规律进行模拟,经过实测数据验证,模拟效果较好。在现行以旋耕为主的传统耕作模式下,可根据不同作物根系吸水和耐盐的特点适度深耕打破犁底层,为作物生长创造适宜的水盐环境。研究结果可为新疆地区盐碱地改良、农业生产可持续发展提供参考。  相似文献   

19.
Chiselling in air-dry soils can rapidly create inverse grading of the plough layer as field experiments showed, i.e., the largest particles (rock fragments) are brought to the surface and the smallest particles concentrate at the bottom of the plough layer. Since no information about the effect of soil moisture and fine earth characteristics on this process is available laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effect of soil moisture and fine earth characteristics on the vertical movement (segregation) of rock fragments due to tillage. An experimental trough, 120×60×40 cm3, was filled with three layers (each 4 cm thick) of fine earth (sand or silt loam), and rock fragments (1.2–2.2 and 2.7–4.0 cm). Tillage was simulated by moving a hand-held cultivator through the mixture. The results for the sandy soil matrix showed that inter-particle percolation was slowed down by soil moisture, however, at the same rate for different moisture levels. This was attributed to water-films that surround the sand particles. In the silt-loam soil matrix inter-particle percolation was stronger than that occurring in the sandy matrix at similar volumetric moisture contents but vertical movement was impossible at higher moisture contents (0.17 m3 m3) because of a strong increase in stickiness. The results imply that at low moisture contents farmers in areas threatened by desertification can use moderate tillage as a means to create a surface rich in rock fragments which helps to increase water infiltration and decrease erosion.  相似文献   

20.
To understand better the role of rock fragments in soil and water conservation processes, the effects of rock fragments in maintaining a favourable soil structure and thus also in preventing physical degradation of tilled soils was studied. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of rock fragment content, rock fragment size, initial soil moisture content of the fine earth and surface rock fragment cover on soil subsidence by rainfall (i.e. change in bulk density by one or more cycles of wetting and drying). A total of 15 rainfall simulations (cumulative rainfall, 192.5 mm; mean intensity, 70 mm h−1) were carried out. Before and after each rainfall application the surface elevation of a 19-cm thick plough layer was measured with a laser microrelief meter. In all experiments, the bulk density of the fine earth increased with applied rainfall volume to reach a maximum value at about 200 mm of cumulative rainfall. From the experimental results it was concluded that the subsidence rate decreased sharply for soils containing more than 0.50 kg kg−1 rock fragments, irrespective of rock fragment size. Fine earth bulk densities were negatively related to rock fragment content beyond a threshold value of 0.30 kg kg−1 for small rock fragments (1.7–2.7 cm) and 0.50 kg kg−1 for large rock fragments (7.7 cm). Initial soil moisture content influenced subsidence only in the initial stage of the experiments, when some swelling occurred in the dry soils. Surface rock fragment cover had no significant effect on subsidence of the plough layer. Therefore, subsidence of the plough layer in these experiments appears to be mainly due to changing soil strength upon drainage rather than the result of direct transfer of kinetic energy from falling drops. The relative increase in porosity of the fine earth as well as the absolute increase in macroporosity with rock fragment content will cause deeper penetration of rainfall into the soil, resulting in water conservation. Therefore, crushing of large rock fragments into smaller ones is to be preferred over removal of rock fragments from the plough layer.  相似文献   

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