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1.
小麦//蚕豆间作中的种间氮营养差异比较研究 总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15
通过根系分隔和15N标记土壤的盆栽试验,研究间作蚕豆和小麦对不同氮素来源利用的差异。结果表明,根系不分隔的处理小麦生长改善,其生物量、吸氮量都高于其它2种分隔方式;蚕豆的生长则表现被抑制,其生物量在根系不分隔时生物量和吸氮量皆最低。在尼龙网分隔的处理中,小麦植株体内15N%丰度高于其它2种分隔方式,而蚕豆则表现为根系未分隔的处理15N%丰度最低。表明小麦竞争肥料氮的能力强于蚕豆,小麦的竞争促进了蚕豆固定更多的空气氮。 相似文献
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蚕豆任米问作接种AM真菌与根瘤菌对其吸磷量的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
盆栽试验研究不同根系分隔方式蚕豆/玉米间作接种AM真菌和根瘤菌对其吸收有机磷影响结果表明,接种AM真菌均显著促进玉米和蚕豆吸收有机磷,与对照相比吸P量分别增加138.1%和82.3%;接种AM真菌和根瘤菌对蚕豆吸收有机磷有协同促进作用,蚕豆根瘤数、根瘤重和菌根侵染率显著增加,并改善与其间作玉米的营养状况,明显促进玉米生长。 相似文献
3.
接种根瘤菌对蚕豆/玉米间作系统产量及结瘤作用的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过田间试验,研究了不同施氮水平下蚕豆接种根瘤菌GS374对蚕豆/玉米间作系统产量及蚕豆结瘤作用的影响。结果表明,不施氮处理接种根瘤菌所获得的单作或间作系统产量与不接种但施N225kghm-2的相应系统产量相当,且施N225kghm-2处理接种仍能促进蚕豆的结瘤作用。统计分析表明,与不接种根瘤菌、蚕豆单作、不施氮相比,接种、蚕豆/玉米间作、施氮均极显著地提高了蚕豆生物学产量,但只有间作能显著增加其籽粒产量;施氮显著增加玉米生物量和籽粒产量。施N225kghm-2后,蚕豆接种、间作对玉米生物量无显著影响;但不施氮时蚕豆接种显著提高了与之间作的玉米籽粒和生物学产量,增幅分别为34.3%和25.6%。接种根瘤菌显著提高了不同氮处理以籽粒产量为基础计算的土地当量比和不施氮处理以生物学产量为基础计算的土地当量比。蚕豆接种根瘤菌与不接种相比,其单株根瘤数和根瘤干重均显著增加;间作与蚕豆单作相比对根瘤数的影响较小,但显著促进了蚕豆单株根瘤干重的增加。因此,本研究认为豆科作物接种合适的根瘤菌,是进一步提高豆科/禾本科作物间作系统间作优势的又一重要途径。 相似文献
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新开垦土壤上构建玉米/蚕豆-根瘤菌高效固氮模式 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
为了在新开垦土壤上构建高效种植模式,本文采用温室盆栽和大田试验相结合的方法,选用4种根瘤菌接种方式(保水剂拌种、清水拌种、三叶期灌根和种子丸衣化)接种4种不同蚕豆根瘤菌(NM353、CCBAU、G254和QH258),分析接菌后新开垦土壤上玉米/蚕豆间作体系的生产潜力、地上部氮素吸收和结瘤特性以及生物固氮等方面的优势,拟为该体系筛选出高效的根瘤菌及其接种技术。结果表明:接种NM353后,玉米/蚕豆间作体系中蚕豆籽粒产量比单作平均增加152.84%,而玉米保持相对稳产;以保水剂拌种的方式接种NM353的间作蚕豆地上部氮素积累量最高,蚕豆结瘤数、瘤重、固氮比例和固氮量均高于本试验中其他3种方式接种的根瘤菌。在盛花期和盛花鼓粒期,接种NM353蚕豆的固氮比例比接种CCBAU的分别高19.1%和11.1%,在各个生育时期两者固氮量之间差异均达显著水平;接种NM353与接种其他菌种间固氮量和固氮比例差异更显著。因此,在新开垦土壤上,用保水剂拌种的方式对间作蚕豆接种NM353根瘤菌,构建玉米/蚕豆-根瘤菌高效固氮体系,为新开垦土壤合理开发利用的可持续发展模式。 相似文献
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大豆/玉米间作体系中接种AM真菌和根瘤菌对氮素吸收的促进作用 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
利用大豆和玉米之间根系不同分隔方式的盆栽试验,研究了在玉米/大豆间作体系中接种大豆根瘤菌、AM真菌Glomus mosseae和双接种对间作体系氮素吸收的促进作用。结果表明,双接种处理显著提高了大豆及与其间作玉米的生物量、氮含量,双接种大豆/玉米间作体系总吸氮量比单接AM菌根、根瘤菌和不接种对照平均分别增加22.6%、24.0%和54.9%。大豆促进了与其间作玉米对氮素的吸收作用,在接种AM真菌和双接种条件,间作玉米的AM真菌侵染率提高,大豆根瘤数增加; 接种AM真菌处理,不分隔和尼龙网分隔比完全分隔玉米吸氮量的净增加量是未接种对照的1.8、2.6倍,双接种处理分别是对照的1.3和1.7倍。说明在间作体系中进行有效的根瘤菌和AM真菌接种,发挥两者的协同作用对提高间作体系土壤养分利用效率,进一步提高间作体系的生产力有重要的意义。 相似文献
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隔根与接种 FM 对红壤上玉米/大豆植株生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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地下部分隔对蚕豆/玉米间作氮素吸收和土壤硝态氮残留影响 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
利用田间试验,探讨了地下部分隔对蚕豆/玉米间作氮素吸收和土壤硝态氮残留的影响,结果表明:蚕豆/玉米间作,蚕豆不分隔条件下籽粒和秸秆吸氮量比分隔分别增加20 10%,34 43%;玉米不分隔条件下籽粒吸氮量与分隔近似,但秸秆吸氮量比分隔减少13 04%;蚕豆和玉米不分隔条件下土壤硝态氮累积量都高于分隔。蚕豆/空带间作,蚕豆不分隔籽粒吸氮量高于分隔,但土壤硝态氮累积量没有差异。空带/玉米间作,地下部分隔与否,作物吸氮量和土壤硝态氮累积量都没有差异。 相似文献
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两种间作体系中养分竞争与营养促进作用研究 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
应用根系分隔技术研究小麦 /蚕豆、小麦 /大豆间作中养分竞争和营养促进作用结果表明 ,与豆科根系相互作用时小麦生物量和养分吸收量均大于完全分隔和 30 μm孔径尼龙网分隔处理 ;与小麦根系相互作用时大豆生长受抑 ,生物量低和养分吸收量下降 ,而蚕豆生物量和养分吸收量未受显著影响。小麦竞争能力强于蚕豆和大豆 ,小麦 /大豆间作体系存在种间竞争作用 ,而小麦 /蚕豆间作体系存在种间促进互惠作用 相似文献
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通过盆栽和水培试验,采用小麦蚕豆间作、蚕豆单作、小麦单作3种种植方式,研究了不同生育期不同氮水平(低氮、常规氮和高氮)处理下,单、间作小麦和蚕豆根系大豆异黄酮分泌量的变化,为进一步探明间作增产和控病机制提供依据。结果表明,随作物生育期推移,小麦根系分泌大豆异黄酮数量明显减少,蚕豆根系大豆异黄酮的分泌量先增加后减少。随施氮量增加,小麦蚕豆根系大豆异黄酮分泌量均减少,且多达显著水平。与低氮处理相比,常规氮和高氮处理下,单、间作小麦大豆异黄酮分泌量分别显著减少,且多达显著水平。间作可以显著提高作物大豆异黄酮的分泌量,但间作优势仅在低氮和常规氮处理下明显,高氮处理下,单、间作小麦和蚕豆根系分泌大豆异黄酮数量差异不显著,并且这种间作效应会随生育期的推移逐渐消失。总之,间作种植和施氮量均影响作物根系大豆异黄酮分泌量,且低施氮量的影响更明显。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)在土壤与植物系统的磷素循环中发挥着关键的作用。本文通过盆栽模拟试验研究了不同AMF接种状况[不接种(NM)、接种Glomus mosseae(GM)、接种G.etunicatum(GE)]和玉米/大豆间作体系不同根系分隔方式(不分隔、尼龙网分隔、塑料膜分隔)对间作玉米植株生长及磷素吸收累积的影响。研究结果表明:GM处理下的间作玉米根系侵染率在不同根系分隔方式之间的差异不显著,而GE处理则在塑料膜分隔处理下对玉米的侵染率最高。接种不同AMF对间作玉米促生效果不同,GM和GE处理在不同根系分隔情况下表现出各自的优势,与未接种处理相比,GM处理能使玉米生物量、株高有一定程度增加并在根系不分隔处理下玉米磷吸收较多、生长较好;GE处理能使植株生物量有一定程度增加并在尼龙网分隔处理下的玉米磷吸收较多、生长较好。间作体系不同根系分隔方式对玉米的影响也不同,其中玉米地上部生物量在根系分隔处理下普遍小于不分隔处理,但根系生物量的大小情况则刚好相反。另外,无论何种接种状况,玉米根系磷含量及吸收量均以尼龙网分隔处理显著较高。而根系磷吸收效率则以接种G.mosseae且不分隔根系处理显著高于分隔处理。所有复合处理中,以接种G.etunicatum与尼龙网分隔根系组合处理对间作玉米的生长及磷素累积的促进作用最好,若应用于滇池流域,可望有效控制坡耕地土壤磷素的迁移。 相似文献
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Nan Nan Zhang Yan Mei Sun Long Li En Tao Wang Wen Xin Chen Hong Li Yuan 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2010,46(6):625-639
The effects of intercropping with maize and Rhizobium inoculation on the yield of faba bean and rhizosphere bacterial diversity were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment
length polymorphism, amplified 16S rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), and 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that intercropping
but not Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased the faba bean yield. Probably the relatively high level of native rhizobia in soil annulled
the effect of rhizobia inoculation. ARDRA results showed that intercropping did not affect bacterial diversity whereas Rhizobium inoculation decreased bacterial diversity. The canonical correspondence analysis showed that the composition of bacterial
community was changed apparently by intercropping, and there was a positive correlation (P = 0.724) between faba bean yields and intercropping and an apparent correlation (P = 0.648) between intercropping and total N. The available content of K and P had a lower effect on the bacterial community
composition than did the total N content, Rhizobium inoculation, and microbial biomass C. Rhizobium inoculation negatively correlated with microbial biomass C (P = −0.827). These results revealed a complex interaction among the intercropped crops, inoculation with rhizobia, and indigenous
bacteria and implied that the increase of faba bean production in intercropping might be related to the modification of rhizosphere
bacterial community. 相似文献
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小麦蚕豆间作体系氮素吸收累积动态及其种间氮素竞争关系 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
14.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):629-642
Abstract One‐third of all the cultivated land area is used for multiple cropping and half of the total grain yield is produced with multiple cropping in China. There have been numerous studies on nutrient acquisition by crops in legume/non‐legume intercropping systems, but few on nutrient uptake in cereal/cereal intercropping. This paper describes a field experiment in which integrated wheat/maize and maize/faba bean systems were compared with sole wheat and sole faba bean cropping to assess the effects of intercropping on nutrient uptake by wheat, maize, and faba bean under various application rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizers. Results show that both N and P fertilizers and intercropping enhanced N uptake by wheat, while only P fertilizer and intercropping increased P acquisition by wheat. The advantage of N uptake by border rows of wheat intercropped with maize declined with increasing N fertilizer application rate, but that of P acquisition was not affected by P fertilizer. The amounts of both N and P taken up by maize intercropped with faba bean were much higher than those by maize intercropped with wheat throughout the period of intercropping. Both fertilization and intercropping did not influence the N and P uptake by faba bean. 相似文献
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Nodulation and root growth increase in lower soil layers of water‐limited faba bean intercropped with wheat 下载免费PDF全文
Below‐ground niche complementarity in legume–cereal intercrops may improve resource use efficiency and root adaptability to environmental constraints. However, the effect of water limitation on legume rooting and nodulation patterns in intercropping is poorly understood. To advance our knowledge of mechanisms involved in water‐limitation response, faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown as mono‐ and intercrops in soil‐filled plexiglass rhizoboxes under water sufficiency (80% of water‐holding capacity) and water limitation (30% of water‐holding capacity). We examined whether intercropping facilitates below‐ground niche complementarity under water limitation via interspecific root stratification coupled with modified nodulation patterns. While no significant treatment effects were measured in intercropped wheat growth parameters, water limitation induced a decrease in shoot and root biomass of monocropped wheat. Likewise, shoot biomass and height, and root length of monocropped faba bean significantly decreased under water limitation. Conversely, water limitation stimulated root biomass of intercropped faba bean in the lower soil layer (15–30 cm soil depth). Similarly, total nodule number of faba bean roots as well as nodule number in the lower soil layer increased under intercropping regardless of water availability. Under water limitation, intercropping also led to a significant increased nodule biomass (48%) in the lower soil layer as compared to monocropping. The enhanced nodulation in the lower soil layer and the associated increase in root and shoot growth provides evidence for a shift in niche occupancy when intercropped with wheat, which improves water‐limited faba bean performance. 相似文献
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Sindhuja Shanmugam Margita Hefner Jeanett S. Pelck Rodrigo Labouriau Hanne L. Kristensen 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):729-740
Intercropping can improve yield and nitrogen use efficiency in organic vegetable production by pairing crops with complementary resource use. An intercrop field experiment was conducted to determine yield, root growth and nitrogen (N) dynamics using faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grown as a vegetable and pointed cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata cv. conica). Both crops were grown in monocropping (MC) and intercropping systems (IC). Minirhizotrons were used to measure root growth. Yield of pointed cabbage per metre row was 28% higher under the IC system than under MC, whereas faba bean yield as fresh seeds did not differ. The land equivalent ratio was 1.06, showing that improved yield under IC resulted from efficient land resource use. Even though MC cabbage had the highest aboveground biomass, total N accumulation was higher under IC and MC faba bean systems. Both root frequency and intensity were greater under IC faba bean rows compared with MC faba bean because of the presence of cabbage roots in faba bean rows. Monocropped cabbage had the highest root intensity and the lowest amount of soil mineral N in the 0–1.5 m depth after harvest. Monocropped cabbage was efficient in assimilating N, whereas MC faba bean was efficient in exporting N as harvestable yield. The nitrogen use efficiency using the IC system (75%) was higher than growing faba bean (44%) and cabbage (65%) alone. Thus, faba bean as an intercrop in organic cabbage production systems improves land and N use efficiency by complementary root growth. 相似文献