酸性磷酸酶活性与大豆耐低磷能力的相关研究

在水培条件下研究了11个南方春大豆地方品种和育成品种对低磷胁迫反应的差异及其与酸性磷酸酶活性（APA）的相关关系。结果表明，不同大豆品种的地上部干重、根干重、植株全磷和全氮积累量差异极显著（P＜0.01），表现出品种间耐低磷的差异性。大豆品种地上部干重、根干重、植株全磷和全氮量与APA的相关性均达到显著或极显著水平。APA是大豆品种磷效率的一种机制，它可作为耐低磷品种筛选的一个生化指标。     

低磷胁迫下不同基因型玉米籽粒磷含量及品质性状分析

从我国北方和西南各地共收集129个自交系玉米品种，通过田间试验，研究了正常磷（120kg P₂O₅/hm2）和低磷（0kg P₂O₅/hm2）2种施磷水平下，依据百粒重筛选出的15个耐低磷基因型玉米品种及5个磷敏感基因型玉米品种的籽粒磷含量及品质性状的变化情况。结果表明，低磷胁迫对于磷敏感基因型玉米籽粒中磷含量、粗淀粉、粗油分含量变异程度的影响明显大于耐低磷基因型玉米，对粗蛋白含量变异程度的影响则低于后者。相关性分析结果表明，在2种施磷水平下的籽粒粗淀粉与籽粒粗蛋白质含量都呈极显著负相关，籽粒粗淀粉与籽粒粗油分含量不相关。低磷胁迫下，各典型自交系玉米品种的磷含量与粗淀粉、粗油分、粗蛋白之间，粗蛋白与粗油分之间的相关性都比正常施磷水平增加。通过研究筛选出的20个典型自交系玉米品种，籽粒中粗淀粉、粗油分、粗蛋白含量在不同磷水平下的变化有着极显著的基因型差异（P＜0.01），具有进一步的研究价值。     

水磷互作对潮土玉米苗期生长及磷素积累的影响

利用温室盆栽试验研究了水磷互作对潮土玉米苗期生长及磷素积累的影响。结果表明，水、磷能显著影响玉米株高与叶面积状况。水分胁迫条件下，适度施磷处理比对照玉米株高和叶面积分别增加69.7%和33.6%；而适水条件下分别增加38.3%和48.0%。适度施磷条件下，水分胁迫促进了玉米根系发育，根干重与根冠比均高于适水处理。水磷配合能提高了玉米干物质积累量，表现出显著正交互效应。适度施磷范围内，适水处理能显著提高植株体磷素吸收积累总量，但对植株磷含量影响不大；适水处理下，过量施磷会导致植株对磷素奢侈吸收，而在水分胁迫下反而降低对磷素的吸收积累。水磷适度配合表现出较好的耦合效果，达到“以水促磷”与“以磷促水”的目的。     

硅磷配施对低磷土壤春玉米干物质积累、 分配及产量的影响

以玉米品种‘正红2号’和‘正红115’为材料,通过2014年和2015年的田间小区定位试验,研究低磷土壤条件下,硅磷肥配施对玉米拔节期和吐丝期的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和叶面积指数,拔节期、吐丝期、灌浆期和成熟期干物质积累和分配,产量及产量构成因素的影响,探讨施硅及硅磷配施的增产效果。结果显示,与对照(不施磷肥和硅肥)相比,施磷、施硅和硅磷配施处理均可提高玉米拔节期和吐丝期的叶面积指数和净光合速率,增加拔节期、吐丝期、灌浆期和成熟期各生育阶段的干物质积累量,降低灌浆期和成熟期叶片的干物质分配比例和灌浆期茎鞘的干物质分配比例,提高籽粒干物质分配比例和收获指数,降低秃尖长度,增加穗长,最终提高穗粒数、千粒重和籽粒产量;其中施用磷肥增加或降低上述指标的效应明显大于施用硅肥,硅磷配施增加或降低上述指标的效应又明显大于单施磷肥或单施硅肥,硅和磷表现出明显的协同作用和配合效应。2014年和2015年玉米籽粒产量均与拔节期、吐丝期、灌浆期和成熟期干物质积累量呈显著正相关;与单施磷肥相比,硅磷配施处理分别增产1 288.57 kg·hm~(-2)(2014年)和1 313.61 kg·hm~(-2)(2015年),且2015年的增幅明显大于2014年,硅、磷表现出稳定的增产效应。综上所述,在四川丘陵低磷土壤条件下,合理进行硅磷肥配施,既能提高玉米生育前期物质生产能力和干物质积累量,又能改善生育后期干物质在玉米各器官中的分配,促进籽粒灌浆结实,最终提高籽粒产量。     

施磷水平和接种AMF与解磷细菌对苜蓿产量及磷素利用效率的影响

为探讨不同施磷水平下接种丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi，AMF）与解磷细菌对苜蓿干物质产量及其磷素利用效率的影响，筛选出苜蓿最佳的施肥模式，为紫花苜蓿高效生产及高效复合型菌肥的研制提供理论依据。该研究试验采用双因素随机区组设计，AMF选用摩西管柄囊霉，解磷细菌选用巨大芽孢杆菌，设置4个施菌水平：分别为接种摩西管柄囊霉（Fm，J1）、巨大芽孢杆菌（Bm，J2）、混合菌种（Fm×Bm，J3）和未接菌处理对照组（J0）。施磷（P2O5）设置4个水平P0~P3分别为：0、50、100和150 mg/kg，菌磷互作共16个处理。结果表明：1）相同施菌条件下，苜蓿各茬次干物质产量、总干物质产量和植株磷含量均随施磷量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。除J2条件下，J2P1处理下的苜蓿总干物质产量达到最大值外，其他施菌条件下，苜蓿的总干物质产量均在P2处理达到最大，且施磷处理显著大于未施磷处理（P<0.05）。苜蓿的磷肥偏生产力及磷肥农学效率均随施磷量的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势，而土壤全磷含量和速效磷含量均随着施磷量的增多呈增加的趋势。2）相同施磷处理下，单接种菌处理和混合接种处理下苜蓿的干物质产量、植株磷含量、磷素利用效率、土壤全磷以及速效磷含量均显著大于不接菌处理（P<0.05），其中总干物质产量、土壤全磷和速效磷含量均在J3处理达到最大值。根际土壤速效磷含量与干物质产量拟合的相关系数最大，拟合效果最好。土壤全磷、速效磷含量均与总干物质产量呈显著正相关。因此，当施磷量为100 mg/kg，混合接种AMF与解磷细菌能够显著增加苜蓿土壤磷素有效性，提高磷素利用效率，进而增加苜蓿的干物质产量。     

硅、磷配施对玉米氮钾养分吸收利用的影响

以耐低磷品种(正红2号)和低磷敏感品种(正红115)为材料,研究低磷土壤条件下,不同硅、磷肥料组合对玉米氮、钾吸收、利用及产量的影响。结果表明:耐低磷品种和低磷敏感品种成熟期植株氮和钾积累总量无显著差异,耐低磷品种籽粒氮积累总量、籽粒中氮分配比例和经济产量均显著高于低磷敏感品种,而耐低磷品种籽粒中钾积累量和籽粒中钾分配比例均明显低于低磷敏感品种。两个品种磷肥、硅肥以及硅、磷肥配施处理成熟期植株氮和钾积累总量、籽粒中氮和钾积累总量及经济产量均显著增加,表现出一定的硅、磷促氮钾的效应,而且还表现出一定硅磷协同作用;硅、磷配施处理灌浆结实期叶片氮转运量会降低,灌浆结实期茎叶钾素转运量会增加;耐低磷品种硅、磷配施处理籽粒中氮素分配比例增加不显著,籽粒中钾素分配比例显著增加,而低磷敏感品种硅、磷配施处理籽粒中氮素分配比例明显增加,籽粒中钾素分配比例增加不显著。综上所述,选择耐低磷品种并进行硅、磷肥配施能显著增加玉米生育前期对氮、钾养分的积累量,优化生育后期氮、钾的转运和分配比例,最终提高氮、钾利用效率及玉米产量。     

磷肥运筹和试验品种对寒地粳稻干物质积累与转运的影响

试验采用随机区组设计的方法,研究了磷肥运筹和试验品种对寒地粳稻干物质累积与运转的影响。结果表明,不同磷肥运筹和试验品种在各生育时期干物质累积量均存在显著的互作效应。利用Logistic方程能够准确地拟合不同磷肥运筹下干物质积累的动态变化,试验品种对干物质增长速率峰值的影响高于磷肥运筹,磷肥运筹对干物质累积快增期影响占主导作用。相关分析表明,分蘖成穗率、高效叶面积指数、谷草比均与产量成显著正相关。抽穗后干物质累积量、茎秆物质转化率与产量呈显著的正相关。干物质累积量、干物质累积速率曲线和干物质累积曲线的分析表明,品种最佳的磷肥运筹与基因型密切相关,垦稻26、垦系169、垦稻24对应的最佳磷肥运筹方式分别为A1(磷酸二铵120 kg/hm~2100%基施)、A1和A2(磷酸二铵120 kg/hm~260%基施,40%调节肥施)。     

施磷量对小麦物质生产及吸磷特性的影响

在低磷土壤条件下,以中筋小麦扬麦12号和弱筋小麦扬麦9号为材料,研究了施磷量对小麦物质生产和吸磷特性的影响。结果表明,在施磷量(P2O5)0～180.kg/hm2范围内,植株对磷的吸收量、吸收速率和磷的积累量随施磷量增加而上升;以施磷量108.kg/h2处理的叶面积指数(LAI)、植株茎蘖数、茎蘖成穗率、干物质积累量、花后干物质积累量和子粒产量最高。当施磷量超过108.kg/hm2时,相关物质生产指标则呈下降趋势,说明即使在缺磷土壤上,施磷量有其适宜值。小麦一生对磷的吸收存在两个高峰,出苗至越冬始期为第一个吸收高峰,拔节至孕穗期为第二个吸收高峰。植株磷素积累量的70%～75%是在拔节后吸收,表明拔节期施磷对满足小麦第二个吸磷高峰和磷的最大积累期需磷有重要意义。     

不同基因型棉花磷效率的差异特征

以水培方法研究不同施磷水平对不同基因型棉花4个生育期干物质积累和磷效率的影响。结果表明,无论低磷条件或是高磷条件磷高效基因型棉花的生物量明显高于磷低效基因型,磷高效基因型含磷量显著低于磷低效基因型,说明高效基因型棉花能以较低的磷积累较多的干物质。各基因型棉花均表现出高磷条件下磷吸收效率大于低磷,而低磷条件下磷利用效率大于高磷;磷高效型品种的磷吸收效率和磷利用效率均高于磷低效型。其中磷吸收效率表现突出的是磷高效品种新陆早19号,4个时期中,低磷和高磷条件的平均值分别是14.62、137.48 mg/株;磷利用效率能力较强的是磷高效品种中棉42号,低磷和高磷条件下4个时期的平均值分别是590.71、182.27 g/g。     

不同供磷水平下水稻磷素吸收利用和产量的基因型差异

通过田间试验研究了不同供磷水平对8个水稻品种磷素吸收利用和稻谷产量的影响。研究结果表明,两种供磷水平下,水稻的稻谷产量、磷利用效率和各生育期地上部磷积累都存在显著的基因型差异。低磷胁迫显著降低水稻的稻谷产量和各生育期地上部磷积累,显著提高水稻的磷利用效率。相关性分析表明,低磷胁迫下水稻稻谷产量与水稻磷利用效率、生育前期(秧苗期+分蘖期)地上部磷积累以及生育中期(抽穗期)地上部磷积累呈显著正相关(p<0. 05);正常供磷条件下水稻稻谷产量与磷利用效率、生育前期地上部磷积累呈显著正相关(p<0. 05)。因此筛选和培育具有较高磷利用效率和在生育前期具有较强磷素积累特性的水稻基因型可能是缓解南方水稻土磷素严重缺乏的有效途径之一。     

STUDIES ON DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF SPRING CANOLA CULTIVARS TO BORON TOXICITY

Although many states recommend boron (B) fertilizer for many field crops, information about B toxicity of canola is lacking. This experiment was carried out at Central Anatolia, Turkey from 2002 to 2003, to determine genotypic range in B efficiency of eight spring canola cultivars, to identify the B-inefficient cultivars and to identify specific responses. The cultivars were grown under B moderate deficiency (extractable B 0.56 mg kg^?1) and toxic B applied (15 kg B ha^?1) conditions. According to the results, seed yield varied significantly among the cultivars and B application decreased the seed yield by 31% on average. Also, toxic B application reduced protein and oil contents similar to seed yield, and increased leaf B concentration in all varieties. This study has shown that leaf B concentration has increased considerably when B is applied to Pactol and Star cultivars, but seed yield of +B and ?B has not shown significantly a change. It is possible to say that Star and Pactol—which have not been affected by the toxic B application—are genotypes that are tolerant to B toxicity and may be cultivated at B toxic lands.     

GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE AND UTILIZATION OF WATERMELON UNDER LOW PHOSPHORUS STRESS

In this study, seven watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars were tested in solution culture experiment with limiting and ample phosphorus (P) supply to evaluate P uptake and utilization of watermelon under low P stress. Different genotypes showed considerable diversity in terms of biomass accumulation, P uptake, P utilization, root morphological parameters and photosynthetic parameters under low P stress. At low P supply, genotype XN8 and ZCHY were clearly superior to other genotypes in terms of total dry matter yield. The genotype ZJ has the highest P uptake ability, while the genotype XN8 has the highest P efficiency ratio and P utilization efficiency among the seven genotypes under low P stress. The P uptake ability of these genotypes was related significantly and positively to root morphological parameters and photosynthesis parameters under low P stress, the P utilization efficiency showed significant and positive correlation with total dry matter. Results showed existence of genetic differences among watermelon genotypes with regard to P absorption and utilization. The seven genotypes were classified into four groups: efficient responsive (ER), inefficient responsive (IER), efficient non-responsive (ENR) and inefficient nonresponsive (IENR) according to P utilization efficiency under low P stress and dry matter at high P supply. XN8 was identified as ER, and ZCHY was identified as ENR, which may be valuable resources for watermelon production in different soil with low P stress.     

GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN ROOT MORPHOLOGY AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE KINETICS IN BRASSICA NAPUS UNDER LOW PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY

Application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is important in crop production because of the low bioavailability of phosphorus to plants in both acidic and calcareous soils. Although rapeseed (Brassica napus) is generally sensitive to P deficiency, different cultivars differ widely in this respect. Differences in P uptake and utilization between two rapeseed cultivars, one P-efficient (‘97081’) and one P-inefficient (‘97009’), were evaluated in solution culture by studying the changes in root morphology and parameters of P uptake kinetics in response to low-P stress. The P-efficient cultivar had lower Km and Cmin values and higher Vmax and developed longer and denser lateral root hair with greater number of root tips and branches under low-P stress, which resulted in a better developed root system and more efficient uptake of P. That, in turn, led to higher concentration and accumulation of P in the plants, culminating in higher biomass production. However, P utilization efficiency (biomass production per unit P accumulated in plant) of the P-efficient ‘97081’ was lower than that of ‘97009’ when P was deficient. These results suggest that P efficiency in rapeseed is due to a better developed root system as well as efficient uptake of P.     

Soil Phosphorous Status and Phosphorus Cycling as Influenced by Soybean Genotypes on an Acidic Low-Phosphorus Soil of Southern China

Low soil phosphorus (P) availability is the primary limiting factor to soybean production in southern China. Field experiments with P-efficient (BX10 and BX11) and P-inefficient (BD2 and GD3) soybean genotypes were conducted to study the effects of soybean cultivation on P status and budget. The results showed that after four seasons of cultivation (2003–5), zero application of P resulted in a decrease of soil-available P and total P but high-P (80 kg ha^?1) treatment resulted in an increase; there were no significant differences among genotypes. All genotypes had deficit of P under zero application of P, P-efficient genotypes had a larger deficit, and there was significant difference between BX10 and BD2. There was surplus P under high-P application, but there were no significant differences among soybean genotypes. These findings imply that it is necessary to apply P fertilizer for P-efficient genotypes although they can better adapt to low-P soil.     

缺磷对不同耐低磷玉米基因型酸性磷酸酶活性的影响

【目的】酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤及植株体内有机磷的分解和再利用有着密切的关系。本研究以不同耐低磷玉米自交系为材料,研究低磷胁迫下玉米叶片、根组织内以及根系分泌酸性磷酸酶活性的变化及基因型差异,探讨酸性磷酸酶与玉米耐低磷之间的关系,以期更深入地了解玉米耐低磷的生理机制。【方法】以5个典型耐低磷自交系99180T、99239T、99186T、99327T、99184T和2个磷敏感自交系99152S、99270S为试验材料,采用营养液培养方法,设正常磷和低磷两种处理,分别于缺磷处理3、8和12 d时调查取样,测定地上部干重、根干重、叶片中无机磷(Pi)含量、根和地上部磷累积量、根系分泌APase活性以及叶片中APase活性,并于缺磷处理12 d测定根系内APase活性。【结果】1)缺磷使玉米地上部干重下降,根干重、根冠比增加,随着缺磷处理(3 d→8 d→12 d)时间的延长,根干重、根冠比增加幅度增大,且耐低磷自交系根干重增加幅度普遍大于敏感自交系。2)低磷条件下,玉米自交系磷吸收、利用效率存在基因型差异,耐低磷自交系99239T、99180T和99327T磷吸收效率较高,99186T和99184T磷利用效率高,敏感自交系99152S、99270S磷吸收和利用效率均较低。3)低磷处理使玉米自交系叶片无机磷(Pi)含量显著下降,耐低磷自交系99184T、99327T和99239T下降幅度较小,相对叶片无机磷含量较高。4)缺磷诱导玉米根系分泌的APase活性升高。耐低磷自交系99184T和99186T根系分泌APase活性升高幅度较大,其余3个耐低磷自交系未表现出明显优势。缺磷处理3 d、8 d,玉米根系分泌APase活性与磷累积量显著正相关,而12 d时相关性不显著;根系分泌APase活性与磷利用效率在缺磷处理12d时达显著正相关。说明玉米根系分泌APase活性与磷吸收、利用效率相关关系不稳定。5)缺磷处理12 d,各玉米自交系根组织内APase活性与根系分泌APase活性变化情况较一致,两者相关系数r=0.755(P0.05)。6)缺磷条件下各玉米自交系叶片组织内APase活性均有升高趋势,并表现出明显的基因型差异。缺磷处理8 d,耐低磷自交系99184T和99239T叶片组织内APase活性升高幅度最大,其次是99327T和99186T,99180T、99270S和99152S升高幅度较小;缺磷处理12 d,各玉米自交系叶片APase活性仍继续增加,99239T、99184T、99327T和99186T的相对APase活性均较高,99270S和99152S的相对APase活性较低。相关性分析表明,缺磷条件下玉米自交系叶片中相对APase活性与叶片中相对无机磷(Pi)含量显著正相关,与磷吸收、利用效率不显著相关。【结论】低磷诱导玉米叶片、根组织和根系分泌APase活性升高,根组织和根系分泌APase活性的大小与玉米耐低磷能力不完全相关,叶片APase活性与玉米耐低磷能力有较好的一致性。     

耐低磷水稻筛选与鉴定

对2472个来自不同核心种质资源库的代表性水稻品种进行了苗期耐低磷初选和复筛,并通过全生育期鉴定,研究了耐低磷水稻种质资源筛选的基本条件和指标。结果表明,采用两步筛选法,即苗期初筛和复筛,并通过全生育期产量验证,既可以获得典型耐低磷和低磷敏感水稻品种,又提高效率,吻合度达67%;在供试土壤有效磷含量小于5.mg/kg时,筛选密度为4株/600g土,设低磷水平为50.mg/kg(外加);分蘖数及其耐低磷指数(相对分蘖数)综合性较强,作为苗期筛选指标比较适宜;对于少数特殊的品种,它们在高磷和低磷处理时都没有分蘖,此时用干重耐低磷指数(相对干重)来衡量它们的耐低磷能力比较合适;全生育期验证以经济产量及其耐低磷指数(相对经济产量)为鉴定指标,其中有效穗对经济产量影响最大。     

Phosphorus Application Affects the Soybean Root Response to Water Deficit at the Initial Flowering and Full Pod Stages

Application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is an important factor for improving the tolerance to water deficit in many plants. A pot experiment was conducted to identify the effects of P application on soybean adaptability to water deficit at the R1 (initial flowering) and R4 (full pod) stages through the investigation of root morphological traits, plant P uptake and resultant yield in two soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivars (Dongnong 46 and Heisheng 101). The four levels of P application were 0, 7.3, 14.6 and 29.2 mg kg^?2, respectively. The three water treatments were (1) 65–75% of field water capacity (FWC) as a well-watered control, (2) 30–40% of FWC at the R1 stage, and (3) 30–40% of FWC at the R4 stage. Root traits, plant uptake of P and yield were significantly reduced by water deficiency at different growth stages, especially at the R4 stage. Application of P enabled to alleviate the adverse effects of water deficit, to increase the root dry weight, root length and root surface area, and to slow root senescence after the R5 (initial pod filling) stage. The response of soybean genotypes to both water and P deficit was different. In the absence of P application, Dongnong 46 showed relatively low adaptability to water deficit at the R4 stage, whereas Heisheng 101 showed a lower reduction of root traits and yield. The beneficial effects of P application for Dongnong 46 were more pronounced than those for Heisheng 101. Based on this experiment, we suggested that P fertilizer application to soybean may be justified in low-rainfall years because of its ability to enhance the soybean adaptability to water deficit stress by improving the root morphology, P uptake and consequently yield.     

Phosphorus Application Affects the Soybean Root Response to Water Deficit at the Initial Flowering and Full Pod Stages

Application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is an important factor for improving the tolerance to water deficit in many plants. A pot experiment was conducted to identify the effects of P application on soybean adaptability to water deficit at the R1 (initial flowering) and R4 (full pod) stages through the investigation of root morphological traits, plant P uptake and resultant yield in two soybean ( Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivars (Dongnong 46 and Heisheng 101). The four levels of P application were 0, 7.3, 14.6 and 29.2 mg kg⁻², respectively. The three water treatments were (1) 65–75% of field water capacity (FWC) as a well-watered control, (2) 30–40% of FWC at the R1 stage, and (3) 30–40% of FWC at the R4 stage. Root traits, plant uptake of P and yield were significantly reduced by water deficiency at different growth stages, especially at the R4 stage. Application of P enabled to alleviate the adverse effects of water deficit, to increase the root dry weight, root length and root surface area, and to slow root senescence after the R5 (initial pod filling) stage. The response of soybean genotypes to both water and P deficit was different. In the absence of P application, Dongnong 46 showed relatively low adaptability to water deficit at the R4 stage, whereas Heisheng 101 showed a lower reduction of root traits and yield. The beneficial effects of P application for Dongnong 46 were more pronounced than those for Heisheng 101. Based on this experiment, we suggested that P fertilizer application to soybean may be justified in low-rainfall years because of its ability to enhance the soybean adaptability to water deficit stress by improving the root morphology, P uptake and consequently yield.     

EFFECTS OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS APPLICATION ON GRAIN YIELD,LEAF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT AND SOME MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN SOYBEAN CULTIVARS

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic amendments on grain yield, leaf chlorophyll content, and some morphological characteristics of three soybean cultivars in Mazandaran province located at north of Iran in 2006. Chemical fertilizer (75 kg ha^?1 potassium sulfate and triple superphosphate), two levels of municipal solid waste, vermicompost and sewage sludge biosolid (20 and 40 Mg ha^?1) enriched with%50 chemical fertilizers needed by soil were applied to soybean cultivars (‘032’ and ‘033’ promising lines and ‘JK’ cultivar). The experiment was carried out in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Some important plant characters such as grain yield, leaf chlorophyll content, number of branches, number of nodes on the main stem, length of internodes, stem diameter, first pod height and plant height were determined. Results showed that application of 40 Mg ha^?1 sewage sludge enriched with chemical fertilizers increased plant grain yield and stem diameter and application of 40 Mg ha^?1 vermicompost enriched with half chemical fertilizer increased the number of nodes on the main stem, significantly. The maximum length of internodes, first pod height and plant height were obtained when the 40 Mg ha^?1 sewage sludge and vermicompost enriched with half chemical fertilizer in ‘032’ line was used. Biomass, number of branches, stem diameter, number of nodes on the main stem of soybean cultivars had a positive and significant correlation with grain yield.