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1.
基施磷肥对石灰性土壤上番茄产量的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
A lysimeter experiment with undisturbed soil profiles was carried out to study nitrogen cycling and losses in a paddy soll with applications of coated urea and urea under a rice-wheat rotation system in the Taihu Lake region from 2001 to 2003. Treatments for rice and wheat included urea at conventional, 300 (rice) and 250 (wheat) kg N ha^-1, and reduced levels, 150 (rice) and 125 (wheat) kg N ha^-1, coated urea at two levels, 100 (rice) and 75 (wheat) kg N ha^-1, and 150 (rice) and 125 (wheat) kg N ha^-1, and a control with no nitrogen arranged in a completely randomized design. The results under two rice-wheat rotations showed that N losses through both NH3 volatilization and runoff in the coated urea treatments were much lower than those in the urea treatments. In the urea treatments N runoff losses were significantly (P 〈 0.001) positively correlated (r = 0.851) with applied N. N concentration in surface water increased rapidly to maximum two days after urea application and then decreased quickly. However, if there was no heavy rain within five days of fertilizer application, the likelihood of N loss by runoff was not high. As the treatments showed little difference in N loss via percolation, nitrate N in the groundwater of the paddy fields was not directly related to N leaching. The total yield of the two rice-wheat rotations in the treatment of coated urea at 50% conventional level was higher than that in the treatment of urea at the conventional level. Thus, coated urea was more favorable to rice production and environmental protection than urea.  相似文献   

2.
中国太湖地区稻麦轮作农田硝态氮动态与氮素平衡   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3--N) dynamics and nitrogen (N) budgets in rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotations in the Taihu Lake region of China were studied to compare the effects of N fertilizer management over a two-year period. The experiment included four N rates for rice and wheat, respectively: N1 (125 and 94 kg N ha-1 ), N2 (225 and 169 kg N ha-1 ), N3 (325 and 244 kg N ha-1 ), and N0 (0 kg N ha-1 ). The results showed that an overlying water layer during the rice growing seasons contributed to moderate concentrations of NO 3--N in sampled waters and the concentrations of NO 3--N only showed a rising trend during the field drying stage. The NO 3--N concentrations in leachates during the wheat seasons were much higher than those during the rice seasons, particularly in the wheat seedling stage. In the wheat seedling stage, the NO 3--N concentrations of leachates were significantly higher in N treatments than in N0 treatment and increased with increasing N rates. As the NO 3--N content (below 2 mg N L-1 ) at a depth of 80 cm during the rice-wheat rotations did not respond to the applied N rates, the high levels of NO 3--N in the groundwater of paddy fields might not be directly related to NO 3--N leaching. Crop growth trends were closely related to variations of NO 3--N in leachates. A reduction in N application rate, especially in the earlier stages of crop growth, and synchronization of the peak of N uptake by the crop with N fertilizer application are key measures to reduce N loss. Above-ground biomass for rice and wheat increased significantly with increasing N rate, but there was no significant difference between N2 and N3. Increasing N rates to the levels greater than N2 not only decreased N use efficiency, but also significantly increased N loss. After two cycles of rice-wheat rotations, the apparent N losses of N1, N2 and N3 amounted to 234, 366 and 579 kg N ha-1 , respectively. With an increase of N rate from N0 to N3, the percentage of N uptake in total N inputs decreased from 63.9% to 46.9%. The apparent N losses during the rice seasons were higher than those during the wheat seasons and were related to precipitation; therefore, the application of fertilizer should take into account climate conditions and avoid application before heavy rainfall.  相似文献   

3.
氮肥用量对太湖水稻田间氨挥发和氮素利用率的影响   总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28  
Ammonia volatilization losses, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and rice yields in response to urea application to a rice field were investigated in Wangzhuang Town, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, China. The N fertilizer treatments, applied in triplicate, were 0 (control), 100, 200, 300, or 350 kg N ha^-1. After urea was applied to the surface water, a continuous airflow enclosure method was used to measure ammonia volatilization in the paddy field. Total N losses through ammonia volatilization generally increased with the N application rate, and the two higher N application rates (300 and 350 kg N ha^-1) showed a higher ratio of N lost through ammonia volatilization to applied N. Total ammonia loss by ammonia volatilization during the entire rice growth stage ranged from 9.0% to 16.7% of the applied N. Increasing the application rate generally decreased the ratio of N in the seed to N in the plant. For all N treatments, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency ranged from 30.9% to 45.9%. Surplus N with the highest N rate resulted in lodging of rice plants, a decreased rate of nitrogen fertilizer utilization, and reduced rice yields. Calculated from this experiment, the most economical N fertilizer application rate was 227 kg ha^-1 for the type of paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region. However, recommending an appropriate N fertilizer application rate such that the plant growth is enhanced and ammonia loss is reduced could improve the N utilization efficiency of rice.  相似文献   

4.
The rice-wheat rotation in southern China is characterized by frequent flooding-draining water regime and heavy nitrogen(N)fertilization. There is a substantial lack of studies into the behavior of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON) in the intensively managed agroecosystem. A 3-year in situ field experiment was conducted to determine DON leaching and its seasonal and yearly variations as affected by fertilization, irrigation and precipitation over 6 consecutive rice/wheat seasons. Under the conventional N practice(300kg N ha-1for rice and 200 kg N ha-1for wheat), the seasonal average DON concentrations in leachate(100 cm soil depth) for the three rice and wheat seasons were 0.6–1.1 and 0.1–2.3 mg N L-1, respectively. The cumulative DON leaching was estimated to be1.1–2.3 kg N ha-1for the rice seasons and 0.01–1.3 kg N ha-1for the wheat seasons, with an annual total of 1.1–3.6 kg N ha-1. In the rice seasons, N fertilizer had little effect(P 0.05) on DON leaching; precipitation and irrigation imported 3.6–9.1 kg N ha-1of DON, which may thus conceal the fertilization effect on DON. In the wheat seasons, N fertilization had a positive effect(P 0.01)on DON. Nevertheless, this promotive effect was strongly influenced by variable precipitation, which also carried 1.8–2.9 kg N ha-1of DON into fields. Despite a very small proportion to chemical N applied and large variations driven by water regime, DON leaching is necessarily involved in the integrated field N budget in the rice-wheat rotation due to its relatively greater amount compared to other natural ecosystems.  相似文献   

5.
氮肥施用对冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素表观损失的影响   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer application to winter wheat is a common problem on the North China Plain. To determine the optimum fertilizer N rate for winter wheat production while minimizing N losses, field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons at eight sites, in Huimin County, Shandong Province, from 2001 to 2003. The optimum N rate for maximum grain yield was inversely related to the initial soil mineral N content (Nmin) in the top 90 cm of the soil profile before sowing. There was no yield response to the applied N at the three sites with high initial soil mineral N levels (average 212 kg N ha^-1). The average optimum N rate was 96 kg N ha^-1 for the five sites with low initial soil Nmin (average 155 kg N ha^-1) before sowing. Residual nitrate N in the top 90 cm of the soil profile after harvest increased with increasing fertilizer N application rate. The apparent N losses during the wheat-growing season also increased with increasing N application rate. The average apparent N losses with the optimum N rates were less than 15 kg N ha^-1, whereas the farmers' conventional N application rate resulted in losses of more than 100 kg N ha^-1. Therefore, optimizing N use for winter wheat considerably reduced N losses to the environment without compromising crop yields.  相似文献   

6.
施肥深度和用量对华南果园土壤氮磷流失的影响   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
Fertilizers are heavily applied in orchards of the hilly and mountainous topography of South China and may increase nutrient loadings to receiving waters. A simple runoff collecting system was used to measure the effects of different fertilization treatments on total N and P concentrations of surface runoff in a Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) orchard in Dongyuan County, Guangdong Province, China. In such orchards, fertilizer was typically applied in two short furrows or pits on either side of each tree. Treatments included three application depths (surface, 10 cm and 20 cm), and three application rates (low, median and high). Results showed that 90.5% of the runoff water samples had a total N concentration higher than 0.35 mg·L^-1 and 54.2% had a total P concentration higher than 0.1 mg·L^-1. Fertilizer application at all depths and at all but the lowest rate significantly increased total N and P concentrations in runoff water. Fertilization with chemical compound fertilizer at a soil depth of 20 cm produced significantly lower (P 〈 0.05) total N concentration in runoff than both surface and 10-cm depth fertilization, and significantly lower (P 〈 0.05) total P concentration in runoff than surface fertilization. Total N and P concentrations in runoff significantly increased with the application rate of organic fertilizers. With the exception of total P concentrations, which were not significantly different between the control and fertilization at a rate of 119 kg P ha-1 in organic form, all the other fertilization treatments produced significantly higher total N and total P concentrations in runoff than the control. A fertilization depth ≥ 20 cm and an application rate ≤ 72 kg N ha-1 or 119 kg P ha^-1 for compound organic fertilizer was suggested to substantially reduce N and P runoff losses from hillslope orchards and to protect receiving waters in South China.  相似文献   

7.
江西省雨水、灌溉水及渗漏水中的硫对土壤硫的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Ten rainfall and irrigation water-collecting posts were set up in different ecotype districts of Jiangxi Province,China,to quarterly measure S content in rainfall and irrgation water.A rasinwater chemical composition-collecting device was used to collect the sulphur in rainfall,and the amount of sulphur adsorbed on the resin column in the device was determined.The soil percolating water was gathered using 6 lysimeters built up according to the profile sequence of the red soil derived from red sandstone and the red soil derived from Quaternary red clay,separately.On the lysimeters peanuts,soybean and radish were grown in rotation.Two treatments were designed:without S addition and with S additin at a rate of 14kg S ha^-1,The SO4^2- contents in rainfall,irrigation water and soil percolating water were determined by the turbidimetry.The results in 1997 showed that the average annual S content in rainwater ws 28.13kg S ha^-1.the average S content in irrigation water was 1.7mg S L^-1,and the average content of SO4^2- in soil percolation water was 2.30kg Sha^-1 year^-1 and 4.70 kg Sha^-1 year^-1 in treatments without and with sulphur application,respectively,In Jiangxi Province,apart from the losses by runoff and leaching,the sulphur in rainfall avaliable to crops is 7.3kg S ha^-1 year^-1 and additional S application is required.When rice is grown.however,irrigation water can suply 6.9kg S ha^-1,which,along with the sulphur in rainfall,cal almost meet the S requirement of one cropping of rice.  相似文献   

8.
中国洞庭湖区稻田土壤氮素淋溶损失的系统研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
A two-year lysimeter study was conducted to study the effects of different fertilizers and soils on nitrogen leaching loss in a double rice cropping system by considering three major types of paddy soils from the Dongting Lake area. The results showed that N concentration in the leachate did not differ significantly among the treatments of urea, controlled release N fertilizer and pig manure and that all these fertilizers produced higher total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in the leachate compared to the case where no fertilizer was applied. The TN leaching loss following urea treatment accounted for 2.28%, 0.66%, and 1.50% of the amount of N applied in the alluvial sandy loamy paddy soil (ASL), purple calcareous clayey paddy soil (PCC), and reddish-yellow loamy paddy soil (RYL), respectively. Higher TN loss was found to be correlated with the increased leachate volume in ASL compared with RYL, and the lowest TN loss was observed in the PCC, in which the lowest leachate volume and TN concentration were observed. Organic N and NH4+ -N were the major forms of N depleted through leachate, accounting for 56.8% and 39.7% of TN losses, respectively. Accordingly, soil-specific fertilization regimens are recommended; in particular, the maximum amount of fertilizer should be optimized for sandy soils with a high infiltration rate. To avoid a high N leaching loss from rice fields, organic N fertilizers such as urea or coated urea should primarily be used for surface topdressing or shallow-layer application and not for deep-layer application.  相似文献   

9.
黄土高原土壤养分的损失   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
The soil nutrient losses due to excessive soil loss on Loess Plateau were studied by means of runoff plots and systematical determination of soil nutrients both in sediments and runoff.The results show that the amounts of nutrient losses depended on the amounts of ersoion sediments.Along with sediment,11-197kg nitrogen/hectare and 9-174kg phosphorus/hectare were lost,accounting for 92.46-99.47 percent of the total amount of nitrogen loss and 99.85-99.99 percent of the total amount of phosphorus loss respectively.The nutrient losses,very small in runoff,were mainly attributed to erosion of a few rainstorms during a year.The nutrient level in sediment was mostly higher than that in the original soil.Planting grass evidently redued the losses of soil nutrients.The N level was lower in runoff than in rainfall so that the N loss from runoff could be made up by rainfall.Fertilizer application to crops raised the nutrient level in runoff.  相似文献   

10.
华北平原水浇玉米-小麦轮作农田氨挥发与反硝化损失   总被引:15,自引:6,他引:9  
Ammonia (NH3) volatilization, denitriflcation loss, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission were investigated from an irrigated wheat-maize rotation field on the North China Plain, and the magnitude of gaseous N loss from denitrification and NH3 volatilization was assessed. The micrometeorological gradient diffusion method in conjunction with a Bowen Ratio system was utilized to measure actual NH3 fluxes over a large area, while the acetylene inhibition technique (intact soil cores) was employed for measurement of denitrification losses and N2O emissions. Ammonia volatilization loss was 26.62% of the applied fertilizer nitrogen (N) under maize, while 0.90% and 15.55% were lost from the wheat field at sowing and topdressing, respectively. The differences in NH3 volatilization between different measurement events may be due to differences between the fertilization methods, and to differences in climatic conditions such as soil temperature. Denitrification losses in the fertilized plots were 0.67%-2.87% and 0.31%-0.49% of the applied fertilizer N under maize and wheat after subtracting those of the controls, respectively. Nitrous oxide emissions in the fertilized plots were approximately 0.08%-0.41% and 0.26%-0.34% of the applied fertilizer N over the maize and wheat seasons after subtracting those of the controls, correspondingly. The fertilizer N losses due to NH3 volatilization were markedly higher than those through denitriflcation and nitrous oxide emissions. These results indicated that NH3 volatilization was an important N transformation in the crop-soil system and was likely to be the major cause of low efficiencies with N fertilizer in the study area. Denitriflcation was not a very important pathway of N fertilizer loss, but did result in important evolution of the greenhouse gas N2O and the effect of N2O emitted from agricultural fields on environment should not be overlooked.  相似文献   

11.
生物炭施用对稻田氮磷肥流失的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
针对宁夏引黄灌区稻田过量施肥导致土壤养分利用效率低的问题,通过田间小区试验,在优化施氮条件下(240kg·hm~(-2)),设4个生物炭水平(0、4500、9000、13500kg·hm~(-2)),研究施用外源生物炭对稻田氮磷流失和土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明:生物炭对稻田田面水氮素动态产生影响,表现为田面水中全氮、硝态氮含量随生物炭用量的增加而降低,铵态氮表现则相反;全氮和铵态氮的最大峰值出现在第1次追施氮肥后的第2天,最大值为34.86、8.28mg·L~(-1);硝态氮最大峰值3.31mg·L~(-1)出现在第2次追施氮肥后的第2天。随后均迅速下降,全氮含量在施氮肥后10d回到第1次追氮前的含量水平,并趋于稳定,铵态氮和硝态氮则在7d后。生物炭对田面水全磷未产生显著影响,全磷含量在第1次施氮肥后3d达到峰值,为3.69mg·L~(-1),之后迅速下降,6~7d后降至追氮前的含量水平,并趋于稳定。生物炭处理显著降低了稻田全氮流失量8.03%~13.36%,高量炭处理(13500kg·hm~(-2))显著提高了土壤全氮和有机质含量,提高幅度分别为41.2%和27.5%(P0.05)。说明生物炭对稻田磷流失、土壤全磷和速效磷含量无显著影响,对降低稻田氮素淋失表现出积极效果。  相似文献   

12.
采用田间小区试验,连续2年研究了巢湖流域保护性耕作与平衡施肥对稻田氮素径流流失特征和水稻产量的影响。结果表明,巢湖流域水稻田在传统耕作条件下径流液中TN的浓度范围是0.73~15.33mg·L-1,DN是氮素径流流失的主要形态,约占TN的74%~92%,NH4+-N和NO3--N所占比例差异比较大,主要与径流-施肥时间间隔以及作物的不同生育期有关。氮素径流损失量年际差异比较大,2008年和2009年分别是2.91kg·hm-2和6.23kg·hm-2,分别占施氮量的1.62%和3.46%。由于降雨事件的偶然性,平衡施肥对氮素径流损失量的影响具有很大不确定性,径流流失风险仍难以控制;保护性耕作能有效地降低氮素径流流失负荷,使得氮素流失潜能大大减小。与T(传统耕作)处理相比,TS(传统耕作+秸秆还田)处理、BF(平衡施肥)处理和NTS+BF(少免耕+秸秆还田+平衡施肥)处理水稻产量平均增产幅度分别为9.97%、13.60%和23.18%,产量差异达到显著水平。因此,保护性耕作可以作为源头控制稻田氮素流失的较好措施之一加以推广。  相似文献   

13.
太湖地区高产高效措施下水稻氮淋溶和径流损失的研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
张敏  赵淼  田玉华  尹斌  朱兆良 《土壤》2018,50(1):35-42
在太湖地区,采用田间小区试验,研究了高产高效措施对水稻季氮素淋溶和径流损失的影响。结果发现,水稻季总氮(TN)和可溶性有机氮(DON)淋溶随土壤深度的增加而降低,不同深度下氮淋溶形态不同。60 cm处DON浓度要高于硝氮(NO–3-N)和铵氮(NH4+-N),占TN的40.5%~58.9%;80 cm处NO–3-N的浓度要高于DON和NH4+-N,占TN的52.3%~60.7%。相比当地常规处理,高产高效处理的NO–3-N淋溶减少了51.7%~54.7%,仅占施肥的0.5%~0.9%。在氮的径流损失中,NH4+-N占TN的48.1%~56.4%,而NO–3-N占TN的36%~53%。试验中氮素通过径流途径的损失量很低,仅占施肥的0.34%~0.59%。高产高效处理的氮淋溶和径流损失之和分别为10.59 kg/hm2和10.18 kg/hm2,低于常规处理(13.41 kg/hm2)。除此之外,高产高效措施的作物产量(11.14~12.22 t/hm2)和农学利用率(11.8~12.5 kg/kg)均显著高于当地常规处理。水稻收获后,高产高效处理的土壤TN相比常规处理提高了6.8%~8.1%,有机质含量提高了8.6%~9.2%。综上,高产高效措施不仅有利于作物产量和氮素利用率的提高,还削弱了氮在土-水界面的迁移,是作物增产且环境友好型的有效措施。  相似文献   

14.
习惯施肥对菜地氮磷径流流失的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
对菜地进行连续3年的定位监测试验。结果表明:与不施肥对照相比,菜农习惯施肥处理显著提高降雨径流中的总氮(TN)和硝态氮(NO3--N)流失质量浓度及流失量,3年监测期内总氮(TN)径流流失负荷为321kg/hm2,总磷(TP)流失负荷为134kg/hm2,分别占氮、磷养分投入总量的13.6%和13.2%,氮肥的流失系数约为5.6%。菜地氮素流失以硝态氮(NO3--N)形式为主,磷素流失以颗粒态磷(PP)形式为主。菜地氮、磷养分径流流失与径流量呈显著线性关系,菜地每流失1kg的总磷(TP),可溶性总磷(TDP)、总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)所需要的径流量分别为77.5,322,52.5,67.5,404m3。  相似文献   

15.
淹水稻田氮的损失   总被引:32,自引:3,他引:29  
A field microplot experiment was conducted during the tillering stage of paddy rice to investigate nitrogen(N) Iosses from flooded rice fields following fertilizer application. After application of ammonium bicarbonate, most of nitrogen in the flood water was present as NH4-N and its concentration varied widely with time. Concentrations of both NO3-N and NO2-N in the floodwater were low due to the weakened nitrification. Under flooded anaerobic reducing conditions, soil solution concentrations of NO3-N and NH4-N were nothigh, ranging from 0.6 mg L-1 to 4.8 mg L-1, and decreased with soil depth. However, the ground water wasstill contaminated with NO3-N and NH4-N. Rainfall simulation tests showed that the N losses via runoff inrice fields were closely related to the time intervals between fertilizer applications and rainfall events. Whena large rain fell for a short period after fertilizer application, the N losses via runoff could be large, which could have a considerable effect on surface water quality. Both irrigation and N fertilizer application must be controlled and managed with great care to minimize N losses via runoff from agricultural land.  相似文献   

16.
采用田间小区定位试验研究自然降雨条件下稻麦两熟农田"稻季-麦季-稻季"茬口衔接期养分径流流失规律。结果表明:麦季常规施肥条件下麦稻茬口衔接期径流水量达77.59m3/hm2,径流侵蚀泥沙量达48.30kg/hm2,麦季少免耕处理较常规施肥处理增加径流水量达41.41%;径流水氮磷浓度分别达2.22,0.46mg/L,径流侵蚀泥沙氮磷浓度分别达1.15,1.65g/kg;麦稻茬口衔接期氮素径流流失量达227.84g/hm2,以径流水流失为主,占氮素总径流流失量的75%以上;磷素径流流失量达115.57g/hm2,以径流侵蚀泥沙流失为主,占磷素径流流失总量59%以上;麦季秸秆还田、秸秆还田减肥处理减少麦稻茬口衔接期氮素和磷素径流流失量分别达6.04%~9.74%和5.73%~11.54%,而麦季少免耕处理则增加21.75%和13.42%。  相似文献   

17.
井水是亚热带农业区域农民的饮用水源,其水质状况直接影响到当地农民的身体健康。本文选取亚热带典型农业小流域中井水铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)为研究对象,采用地统计学方法,分析其季节变化和空间分布特征。结果表明,研究区农户井水中NH4+-N、NO3--N、TN和TP含量在全年4个季节的平均值分别为0.05~0.10 mg(N)·L-1、3.0~4.9 mg(N)·L-1、3.4~5.1 mg(N)·L-1和0.03~0.17 mg(P)·L-1,超标率分别为2.3%、10.4%、9.5%和7.9%。在季节动态变化上,NH4+-N在全年变化不显著(P0.05),这主要与土壤的吸附有关;而NO3--N、TN和TP均在夏季达到最高,春季最低,并且两个季节之间的变化具有显著性(P0.05),这主要与农业施肥活动和降水条件有关。在空间变异性上,NH4+-N、NO3--N、TN和TP含量在各季节的块金值与基台值的比值都为0,并且各变量在各季节的变程各不相同,说明这4个变量在各季节分别在不同尺度范围内表现出较强的空间自相关性。在空间分布上,NH4+-N、NO3--N、TN和TP含量都具有斑块状分布,而斑块的位置、大小和形状各不相同。NO3--N和TN在全年的空间分布与研究区地形和土地利用方式有关,在东南部和西南部地势较低的水稻种植区含量较高,而在北部地势较高的林地含量较低。而NH4+-N和TP的空间变异系数高于NO3--N和TN,这主要是由于NH4+-N易被土壤吸附,而磷素在土壤中易被固定,迁移较困难,导致NH4+-N和TP在不同地方的含量差异比较大。地形、水文气候条件、土壤类型、土地利用方式和农业施肥等是造成亚热带农业区域井水水质季节动态变化和空间分布格局差异的主要因素。  相似文献   

18.
太湖地区绿肥还田与无机氮追肥配施的环境效应分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
通过太湖地区绿肥还田与不同用量的无机氮追肥配施小区试验,研究了水稻苗期、分蘖期和抽穗期田面水氮素不同形态的变化特征、径流损失及水稻产量。结果表明:绿肥还田后,水稻苗期田面水中总氮浓度出现先减小后增加的变化,总氮浓度增加的原因主要是有机氮浓度的增加,而无机氮浓度先升后降;分蘖肥和穗肥施用后,田面水氮素浓度随施肥量的增加而升高,田面水总氮和有机氮在施肥后第1天达到最大,随后快速下降,而无机氮在施肥后则经历了一个先升后降的变化过程;随着施肥量的增加,稻季氮素径流损失不断增大,无机氮是氮素径流损失的主要形态,且径流水中无机氮以铵态氮为主,故应将铵态氮作为农田排水污染检测的主要指标;绿肥还田模式下,施用氮素基肥可大大提高田面水的氮素含量,增加氮素流失风险,而不施氮素追肥或者过量减施均可影响作物的产量。绿肥还田,稻季配施140 kg hm-2无机氮追肥,可减少48%无机氮肥投入,降低38.5%氮肥流失率,实现水稻产量效应和环境效应的协调,是水体污染严重地区值得尝试的一种农作方式。  相似文献   

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