首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
中国太湖环境土壤磷测试与磷释放   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
A microtiter plate assay (MPA) for soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) was applied to samples in overlying water and pore water as well as in three forms of environmental soil test phosphorus (P) types: water soluble phosphorus (WSP), diluted calcium chloride extractable phosphorus (PCaCl2), and Olsen-P in the sediments of Taihu Lake, China, where potential P release in response to pH was analyzed. MPA for rapid P analysis was shown to be promising when applied on samples of natural water and sediment extracts. Concentrations of WSP and PCaCl2 in the sediments were much lower than those of Olsen-P. Olsen-P levels in the littoral sediments along the north coast of Meiliang Bay in Taihu Lake (80 to 140 mg kg^-1) were much higher than those in the mouth of the bay (less than 50 mg kg^-1). The risk of P release in the mouth area of Meiliang Bay was lower than that in the north littoral zone with a risk of sediment P release induced by pH increases.  相似文献   

2.
滇池沉积物的功能: 磷源还是磷库?   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Dianchi Lake is a highly eutrophic lake in southwestern China where phosphorus (P) is the limiting element for eutrophication and where lake sediments play an important role in the P cycle. One hundred and eighteen sites were sampled throughout Dianchi Lake in 2002 to investigate the P loading of the lake sediments, while fresh surface sediments were studied in the laboratory to clarify its role for phosphorus. The results showed that concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) in sediments were very high, with a maximum value of 6.66 g kg-1, and decreased with sediment depth. P adsorption on surface sediments was rapid with adsorption amounts higher in acidic than in alkaline conditions. The release experiments showed that P release increased as pH rose from 7.0 to 10.5. Additionally, compared with aerobic conditions, P release was much higher under anaerobic: conditions, especially with low P content in the lake water. At present, the sediments in Dianchi Lake still function as a sink for phosphorus at high P levels in lake water. However, if the external P load was reduced and P content in lake water became low, the sediment would have a large potential for P release under anaerobic conditions.  相似文献   

3.
Lake Sediments from Dianchi Lake: A Phosphorus Sink or Source?   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
《土壤圈》2004,14(4):483-490
Dianchi Lake is a highly eutrophic lake in southwestern China where phosphorus (P) is the limiting element for eutrophication and where lake sediments play an important role in the P cycle. One hundred and eighteen sites were sampled throughout Dianchi Lake in 2002 to investigate the P loading of the lake sediments, while fresh surface sediments were studied in the laboratory to clarify its role for phosphorus. The results showed that concentrations of total phosphorus(TP) in sediments were very high, with a maximum value of 6.66 g kg^-1, and decreased with sediment depth. P adsorption on surface sediments was rapid with adsorption amounts higher in acidic than in alkaline conditions. The release experiments showed that P release increased as pH rose from 7.0 to 10.5. Additionally, compared with aerobic conditions, P release was much higher under anaerobic conditions, especially with low P content in the lake water. At present, the sediments in Dianchi Lake still function as a sink for phosphorus at high P levels in lake water. However, if the external P load was reduced and P content in lake water became low, the sediment would have a large potential for P release under anaerobic conditions.  相似文献   

4.
上海郊区河流沉积物N、P释放的初步研究   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
A laboratory study was conducted to observe the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the sedimentsunder both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The samples used were five creek sediments and a fish-pondsediment (as a comparison) obtained from suburban Shanghai. High loads of nitrogen and phosphoruswere found in the creek sediments. Total nitrogen of the sediments ranged from 1.17 to 5.95 g kg-1; totalphosphorus from 608.63 to 2 033.95 mg kg-1. Making up more than 90% of the total nitrogen, organicnitrogen was the dominant nitrogen fraction in the sediments; where as inorganic phosphorus was the dominant phosphorus fraction, which made up more than 85 percent of the total phosphorus. Cabound phosphorus fraction dominated inorganic phosphorus, which occupied more than 50% of the total. A large amount of ammonium was released from the sediments under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and the anaerobic releases were slightly greater than the aerobic. In addition, ammonium contents in the aerobic waters decreased sharply after reaching the peaks because of strong nitrification, compared with the relatively maintained ammonium peaks in the anaerobic waters. Anaerobic phosphate releases were much greater than the aerobic and the released ortho-phosphate was mainly from Fe-bound phosphorus. Ammonium and ortho-phosphate releases from the sample of the dredged creek were the lowest, showing that creek dredging could effectively remove contaminants from the surface of sediments and weaken the release potentials of nitrogen and phosphorus. Ammonium and ortho-phosphate releases from the fish-pond sediment were greater than those from the creek sediments though its total nitrogen and phosphorus were not the highest, which was probably due to the larger amount of biologically degraded organic matter in the fish-pond sediment.  相似文献   

5.
太湖、巢湖、龙感湖沉积物中磷的地球化学形态   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
A sequential extraction method for the fractionation of phosphorus (P) in lake sediments was used to analyze phos- phorus fractions of sediments taken from three large, shallow. eutrophic freshwater lakes of China-Talhu Lake. Chaohu Lake, and Long.an Lake. All three lakes are located in the lower reaches of the Changjiang River (Yangtze River). In Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake, algae blooms occurred every year, while Longgan Lake was a macrophyte-dominated lake. Results showed that exchangeable phosphorus fractions were much higher in the eutrophic lake sediments than in the macrophyte-flourishing lake sediment. Also, the ratio of Fe:P in the sediments of the algae-predomlnant lakes was generally much lower than that in the macrophyte-predominant lakes. Thus, the geochemical fractions of phosphorus in sediments had a closer relationship with the type of aquatic vegetation.  相似文献   

6.
土地利用史对水田甲烷的排放和甲烷植物的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
The characteristics of methane emission were compared among six types of upland and paddy soils developed from different materials with distinct physical and chemical properties after planting rice.The fluxes of methane emission in submerged soils from the upland were obviously lower than those from the paddy rice field.The flux of methane emission in the paddy soil developed from fluvo-aquic soil was the largest among all the types of soils.Planting of rice was heplful to emission of methane in soils.The amounts of various groups of methanogenic flora were conformed with the differences among the fluxes of methane emission in various types of soils.Methane formation was observed in each type of air-dried soils stored for a long time after addition of water and incubation at 35℃.  相似文献   

7.
Paddy fields in the southeastern basin of Dianchi Lake have rapidly changed to greenhouses since 1999. A total of 61 surface soil samples, including 43 greenhouse soils, 12 upland soils, and 6 paddy soils, were collected from a flat lowland area mainly used for agricultural production fields in the southeastern basin of Dianchi Lake. Analyses of the soil samples indicated that the greenhouse soils were characterized by a lower organic matter content, lower pH, and higher soluble nutrients than the paddy soils in the area. The lower organic matter content of the greenhouse soils was ascribed to environmental or management factors rather than the clay content of the soil. Accumulation of soluble nutrients, especially inorganic N, was due to over-application of fertilizers, which also caused soil acidification. The average amount of readily available N, P, and K accumulated in the greenhouse soils was estimated to be equal to or higher than the annual input of these nutrients as a fertilizer, indicating that a reduction in fertilizer application was possible and recommended. In contrast, a very low available Si content was observed in the paddy soils, suggesting the need for Si application for rice production.  相似文献   

8.
Denitrification and nitrate reduction to ammonium in Taihu Lake and Yellow Sea inter-tidal marine sediments were studied.The sediment samples were made slurry containing 150g dry matter per liter.Various of glucose-C to nitrate-N.Acetylene inhibition technique was applied to measure denitrification in the slurres,All samples were incubated anaerobically under argon atmosphere,Data showed that Taihu Lake sediment produced more N2O than marine sediment,Denitrification potential was higher in Taihu Lake sediment than in marine one,Glucose added increase denitrification activity but not the denitrification potential of the sediments.Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium seemed to occur in marine sediment,but not in freshwater one.When the marine sediment was treated with 25mmol L^-1 glucose,its denitrification potentail,as indicated by maximum N2O production by acetylene blockage,was lower than that treated with no or 2.5mmol L^-1 glucose.Acetylene was suspected to have inhibitory effect on dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium.  相似文献   

9.
氧化势影响下的滇池沉积物孔隙水磷浓度变化   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
The sediment redox potential was raised in the laboratory to estimate reduction of internal available phosphorus loads, such as soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and total phosphorus (TP), as well as the main elements of sediment extracts in Dianchi Lake. Several strongly reducing substances in sediments, which mainly originated from anaerobic decomposition of primary producer residues, were responsible for the lower redox potential. In a range of -400 to 200 mV raising the redox potential of sediments decreased TP and SRP in interstitial water. Redox potentials exceeding 320 mV caused increases in TP, whereas SRP maintained a relatively constant minimum level. The concentrations of Al, Fe, Ca^2+, Mg^2+, K^+, Na^+ and S in interstitial water were also related to the redox potential of sediments, suggesting that the mechanism for redox potential to regulate the concentration of phosphorus in interstitial water was complex.  相似文献   

10.
Composite top- and subsoil samples were collected from the greenhouses in the Al-Balawneh area,Jordan,where intensive greenhouse production system(IGPS) has been practiced since 1998,to study the impact of IGPS on soil quality as measured by the chemical and biological properties to develop a sustainable production system.The study showed that IGPS led to higher electrical conductivity in top- and subsoils compared to an uncultivated soil(control).Quality and amount of irrigation water,lack of efficient drainage,and quantity and types of applied fertilizers were major factors resulting in salt buildup.IGPS resulted in lower total N(TN) and NO3-N in the soil compared to the control.The lower TN was due to crop uptake,microbial immobilization,volatilization,and irregular application of composted animal manure or poultry manure.In contrast,higher residual Olsen-P content was detected in both soil layers of greenhouses than in the control.Residual P was classified as very high in the topsoil layers and sufficient to high in the subsoil layers.Residual available K in the soils of greenhouses was relatively lower than that in the control and it was,however,classified as high to very high.A large increase of Cl and a considerable decrease in the bacterial count were observed in both soil layers of IGPS compared to the control treatment.Economically sustainable soil management practices need to be adopted by farmers to achieve a sustainable and profitable production.This can be accomplished through education,targeted towards the farming community in the central Jordan Valley.  相似文献   

11.
种植沉水植物和疏浚底泥对氮磷营养水平的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
通过对五里湖沉积物进行不同疏浚深度(30 cm和60 cm)沉水植物恢复实验研究,结果表明:对于未种植水草的疏浚沉积物来说,疏浚并不能很好地降低水体中氮磷水平,在一定时间内,氮磷水平有恢复增加的可能;种植菹草的疏浚沉积物,除在开始阶段氮磷水平有所增加外,随时间的延长,对上覆水中的氮磷有很好的控制。所以将底泥疏浚与沉水植物的恢复相结合起来,在控制湖泊内源污染方面将达到更好的效果。  相似文献   

12.
湖泊沉积物中水溶性有机质对吸附磷的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
以分别属于不同营养水平的五里湖和东太湖沉积物为研究对象,通过吸附试验,研究了水溶性有机质(DOM)对沉积物吸附磷酸盐等温线和动力学曲线的影响。结果表明:(1)DOM没有改变沉积物吸附磷动力学曲线的基本趋势,在前10 h内,沉积物对磷的吸附具有较大速度,20 h后基本达到吸附平衡;DOM提高了沉积物吸附磷的速度,特别是提高了0-0.5 h内的吸附速度,其中东太湖沉积物由82.34 mg kg-1h-1增加到97.18 mg kg-1 h-1,五里湖沉积物由12.21 mg kg-1h-1增加到59.17 mg kg-1h-1;(2)DOM明显改变了沉积物吸附磷等温线,对沉积物吸附磷具有促进作用,提高了沉积物吸附磷的效率,其中东太湖沉积物,DOM使其对磷的吸附效率由123.3 L kg-1增加到164.8 L kg-1,五里湖沉积物,DOM使其对磷的吸附效率由94.56 L kg-1增加到206.3 L kg-1;(3)DOM对有机质含量较高、严重污染的五里湖沉积物吸附磷的影响大于对有机质含量较低、中营养水平的东太湖沉积物的影响。  相似文献   

13.
疏浚底泥土地投放中活性磷的下移规律   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
通过原状土柱淋洗试验研究了运河 (杭州段 )疏浚底泥土地投放后磷在土层中的分布规律。结果表明 ,在连续淋洗的条件下 ,疏浚底泥的土地投放并未显著提高淋洗液中活性磷的浓度 ;但在干湿交替的淋洗条件下疏浚底泥中活性磷的下移作用却相当明显。疏浚底泥土地投放后显著提高了表层1 5cm厚的土层中Olsen P含量 ,而 1 5cm以下土层中的Olsen P的增加并不明显 ,原因可能与疏浚底泥中有机酸的释放及土壤pH的剖面变化特征有关。干湿交替等环境因子的变化对底泥活性磷的下移程度产生更大的影响 ,且底泥用量越大 ,其潜在的影响可能越持久。  相似文献   

14.
The effects of hydraulic dredging on the benthic infauna of a mud bottom area were investigated in Georgia in the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. Complete displacement of the benthic community was caused by dredging; however, the community began to recover within a month following the cessation of dredging. Within two months the diversity and species composition of the dredged channel were similar to that of a control area and little change in sediment composition resulted. Thus, no apparent limitation was imposed on the normal benthic population by habitat alteration. Recolonisation was too rapid to have been caused by the settling of immature or larval stages from the water column alone. Bank slumping and migration of adult forms have been postulated as other means of recolonisation.  相似文献   

15.
白洋淀柱状沉积物磷形态及其分布特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
应用淡水沉积物磷形态的标准测试方法(SMT),调查了白洋淀6个典型湖区柱状沉积物中的磷形态分布、垂向及在两种沉积物粒级(砂土和粉砂/粘土)上的变化特征,分析了各形态磷之间的相关性。结果表明,白洋淀各湖区柱状沉积物总磷(TP)的平均含量为531~1223mg.kg-1DW,无机磷(IP)是白洋淀沉积物中磷的主要成分,占TP的72~83。湖区水体的污染及富营养化程度影响着生物可利用的铁/铝结合态磷(Fe/Al-P)在白洋淀不同湖区沉积物中的分布,从各形态磷含量和百分含量的变化幅度来看,均是Fe/Al-P〉有机磷(OP)〉钙结合态磷(Ca-P)。在垂向分布和两种粒级沉积物颗粒上,白洋淀沉积物各形态磷都有一定的变化规律,但不同磷形态的变化趋势不同,差异性也不一致。各形态磷相关性分析表明,在平均含量、垂向及粒级分布上,IP和Ca-P之间呈较好相关性,说明稳定的Ca-P是IP的主体;而在平均含量和垂向分布上,TP与IP和Ca-P之间都存在着较好的相关性,说明沉积物中TP的含量主要来自IP中的Ca-P。研究结果对于探讨白洋淀水污染沉积历史及内源磷释放对水体富营养化的贡献具有重要意义。  相似文献   

16.
Different factors which interactively control the flux of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) at the sediment water irterface (SWI) of Lake Kinneret were studied seasonally. The influence of pH, Eh and microbial activity on SRP flux at the SWI was investigated by manipulating the conditions in the overlying water of intact sediment cores. The calculated diffusive SRP flux out of the sediment was lower in cores sampled during winter and spring than during the period of amixis. Potential SRP release, as measured in the absence of microbial activity, was strongly enhanced upon the transition from oxic to anoxic conditions indicating P release from iron(III)-bound phosphorus. In spring and summer cores, an enhanced SRP flux from sediments at pH 7 in comparison to pH 8 indicated P release from carbonate-bound P which sedimented previously as result of high pH values during the algal spring bloom. Microbial uptake at the SWI was the most important sink for SRP and no net-flux occured under oxic conditions. The higher net-flux of P under anoxic conditions was linked to carbon limitation ofthe bacteria at the SWI.  相似文献   

17.
Wei  Jin  Li  Yiping  Weng  Shenglin  Huang  Dongjing  Du  Wei  Gao  Xiaomeng  Wang  Wencai  Wang  Jianwei  Zhang  Shuangshuang  Jepkirui  Mercy  Nwankwegu  Amechi S.  Norgbey  Eyram  Asmaa  Qhtan 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(2):1017-1028
Purpose

Coherent motion plays a significant role in sediment resuspension, which is an important cause of eutrophication in Lake Taihu. The most popular approach in detecting coherent motion in wall turbulence is quadrant splitting. However, an important threshold parameter (H) is set by empiricism during inspection above which burst event occurs. This study is aimed at eliminating the erroneous detection caused by this empirical parameter in identifying coherent motions, giving an objective range of H for Lake Taihu and then illustrating the interactions between coherent motion and sediment resuspension.

Materials and methods

Based on in situ monitoring with Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry (ADV) and Optical Backscatter Sensor (OBS), high-frequency data of three-dimensional velocities and suspended sediment concentration at the bottom of Lake Taihu were obtained. Autocorrelation function and quadrant splitting were jointly adopted to determine parameter H without any empiricism.

Results and discussion

The value of parameter H varied from 0.72 to 1.28 in Lake Taihu, and an increase of 0.56 in H value led to decreases of 10.7–24.1% in the stress fraction and 14.7–26.5% in the sediment flux fraction. At the Central Zone site, the dominant motions were ejection and sweep, while inward and outward interactions dominated the exchange processes at the East Bay site. Only 16.8, 14.3, and 17.0% of the time fractions of coherent motions contributed up to 58.3, 74.5, and 55.0% to the sediment flux fractions at different observation sites, and the larger time fractions of burst events contributed less to sediment flux fractions due to the less effect from wind waves and the lack of upwelling currents.

Conclusions

Burst events with large amplitude and short duration contributed significantly to the processes of sediment exchanges. Calculation results of momentum and sediment resuspension fluxes are very sensitive to parameter H, taking one fixed empirical value for H is unsuitable for Lake Taihu. These findings will provide a useful reference for identifying coherent motions precisely and understanding the interactions between coherent motion and sediment resuspension in Lake Taihu.

  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号