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1.
赵颖  张丽 《水土保持通报》2017,37(4):99-105
[目的]对太原小店污灌区农田土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征及来源进行分析,为该区农田土壤环境质量评价及土壤污染防治对策的制定提供科学依据。[方法]采集太原小店污灌区15个表层土壤样品,利用GC/MS分析16种US EPA优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量,并对其来源和生态风险进行探讨。[结果]所有样品的16种PAHs均被检出,其检出率为100%。研究区农田土壤中总PAHs的浓度为0.315~7.661μg/g,平均值为3.568μg/g。在组成上,2,3环含量约占总量的64.2%,4环含量约占总量的14.2%,5,6环含量约占总量的21.6%,低环和中环PAHs含量所占的比例较高。根据特征比值法及调查结果判定,农田土壤中PAHs污染来源一方面与灌溉水质及灌溉历史有很大的关系,另一方面,主要通过燃煤或化石燃料产生的PAHs在大气干湿沉降和风力输送作用下进入到土壤环境中。[结论]与国内外其他地区的相关研究比较,小店污灌区农田土壤PAHs含量处于中高等污染水平。依据Maliszewska-Kordybach建议的分级标准评价,该区域所有采样点PAHs总量均超标;但基于我国《土壤环境质量标准(征求意见稿)(GB15618-2008)》提出的16种多PAHs污染物总量的农业用地标准值,该区域均未超出此标准。  相似文献   

2.
采用气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)法测定了苏南地区13个农田表层土壤样品中的多环芳烃(PAHs)和酞酸酯(PAEs)污染物,分析比较了不同区域农田表层土壤,尤其是来自钢铁企业周边的表层土壤中PAHs和PAEs的污染特征及其来源。结果表明,苏南地区农田土壤中总PAHs和总PAEs的浓度分别在147~40300μg·kg-1和0.575~762μg·kg-1之间,其中钢铁厂周边的平均浓度分别为6130μg·kg-1和47.4μg·kg-1。土壤样品中苯并(a)芘的浓度与总PAHs的浓度显著相关,高分子量PAHs在钢铁厂周边表土中含量较高,钢铁冶炼焦化和烧结等工序是其污染来源。酞酸正丁酯(DBP)和酞酸乙基己基酯是苏南地区农田土壤中含量最高的两种PAEs类物质,钢铁厂周边有较高的DBP检出可能与炼钢、冷轧和炼铁等工序有关。本研究将为经济高速发展地区农田土壤环境质量评价、农产品安全生产及土壤污染防治对策的制定提供科学依据。  相似文献   

3.
利用气相色谱法分析了南充市10个不同功能区表层土壤中美国环保署规定的16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量和组分特征,运用同分异构体比率揭示了其污染来源。研究表明,该区土壤中PAHs的含量在9.1~2269.1μg·kg-1之间,而且工业区的残留量大于农业区和居民区的残留量。按PAHs的环数来分,在工业污染区PAHs的含量总的趋势是四环〉二环〉三环〉五环〉六环;农业和居民区二环〉三环〉五环〉四环〉六环。该污染状况与国内外相关研究比较,处于中等污染水平。煤、木材和化石的燃烧是该地区土壤中PAHs污染的主要来源,苯并(a)蒽和菲是主要的超标化合物。  相似文献   

4.
对长江三角洲典型地区(无锡和台州)农业表层土壤(0~20cm)中15种美国环境保护署(USEPA)优控的多环芳烃(PAHs)含量和来源进行了研究。结果表明,无锡地区农业土壤中15种PAHs总量的含量范围为1058~9500μgkg-1,PAHs污染较重,主要来源于石油以及石油和草/木材/煤的燃烧,PAHs的组成以4~6环为主;台州地区农业土壤中PAHs的含量范围为128~604μgkg-1,PAHs污染较轻,主要来源于石油以及石油的燃烧,PAHs的组成以3~6环为主。  相似文献   

5.
通过试验研究了芜湖市景观水体多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染状况。采集芜湖市主城区29个景观水体沉积相、水相和悬浮颗粒相样品,运用气相色谱—质谱联用仪(GC—MS)测定样品中16种PAHs的浓度,分析PAHs的含量分布特征及其与有机碳、黑碳的相关性,利用特征比值法、正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)对样品中PAHs进行来源解析,并通过效应区间值法和风险熵值法进行生态风险评价。结果表明:PAHs的浓度范围在沉积相中为43.48~6 388.40ng/g,水相中为0.08~52.23ng/L,悬浮颗粒相中为2.46~60.46ng/L,平均含量分别为1 307.47ng/g,8.60,13.71ng/L。样品中PAHs与有机碳(TOC)、黑碳(BC)的相关性明显,尤其是中高环PAHs,且与湿化学氧化法(BC_(Cr))的相关性最为显著。来源解析表明芜湖市景观水体PAHs主要来源于木材等生物质燃烧和煤炭燃烧,部分来源于石油类物质燃烧,其中PMF表明生物质燃烧贡献率为50.66%(沉积相)和52.51%(悬浮颗粒相加水相)。生态风险评价结果显示芜湖市景观水体整体处于中等污染水平,研究结果可为城市水体污染的治理提供科学依据。  相似文献   

6.
对长江三角洲典型地区(无锡和台州)农业表层土壤(0~20 cm)中15种美国环境保护署(USEPA)优控的多环芳烃(PAHs)含量和来源进行了研究.结果表明,无锡地区农业土壤中15种PAHs总量的含量范围为1 058~9 500 μg kg-1, PAHs污染较重,主要来源于石油以及石油和草/木材/煤的燃烧,PAHs的组成以4~6环为主;台州地区农业土壤中PAHs的含量范围为128~604 μg kg-1,PAHs污染较轻,主要来源于石油以及石油的燃烧,PAHs的组成以3~6环为主.  相似文献   

7.
采集南京地区不同有机污染风险区农田表层土壤,用超快速液相色谱仪检测样品中15种EPA优控的多环芳烃(PAHs)含量。结果表明,被检农田土壤多环芳烃总量分布于306.0~1251.3μg kg~(-1)之间,均值682.0μg kg~(-1),四环以上高环多环芳烃占较大比例(80%)。根据欧洲土壤质量标准,所检土壤样本已达污染水平。不同风险污染区农田土壤PAHs的含量由高至低为:钢铁工业区、有机垃圾处理区、化工工业区及炼油工业区。钢铁工业区附近主要的污染物为荧蒽、芘、屈和苯并[a]蒽,分别占到污染物总量的16%、13%、10%和10%。采用荧蒽/(荧蒽+芘)与茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘/(茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘+苯并[g,h,i]苝)比值对各地污染物来源进行分析,结果发现调查区域的PAHs污染物以燃烧源为主,生物质燃料为主要污染物,部分地区同时有石油燃烧污染。  相似文献   

8.
为了探明山东果园土壤中PAHs的污染现状,应用ASE-HPLC技术测试山东红富士主产区果园土壤中PAHs的含量,并对土壤中16种PAHs的分布特征及其生态风险进行探讨。结果表明:15个检测点中有3个检测点存在PAHs污染,含量分别为201.51,833.88,861.28ng/g,说明目前山东苹果园土壤PAHs污染水平较低,生态风险较小,但个别果园已经达到中等污染水平,理论推断会对生态环境产生负面影响。通过分析土壤中PAHs组成可以看出,土样中Ilp/(Ilp+Bgp)值均位于0.20~0.50之间,说明土壤中PAHs主要来源为石化燃烧混合污染,可以作为防止果园土壤PAHs进一步污染的切入点。  相似文献   

9.
研究分析了滇池大石坝小流域沉积柱中16种美国环保署(USEPA)优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的垂直分布情况,并对其来源和生态风险进行了初步评估。结果表明:沉积柱不同深度PAHs总量的变化范围为388.64~1 440.38ng/g,其中主要成分为萘(NAP)和菲(PHE)。从多环芳烃环数来看,沉积物中的PAHs以2~3环为主,其含量为127.86~1 130.12ng/g。根据FLA/(FLA+PYR)、BaA/(BaA+CHR)和IcdP/(IcdP+BghiP)三组比值及PAHs各组分含量分析,燃烧过程是沉积物中PAHs的主要来源。生态风险评估表明,大石坝小流域中PAHs不会造成显著的生态风险。  相似文献   

10.
为了解城乡结合带农田土壤PAHs的污染特征及分布规律,本文以南京市江宁区周岗镇为例,就该地区表层农田土壤中15种优控PAHs组分的含量、空间分布特征及来源进行了研究。结果表明:有14种PAHs普遍被检出(苊未检出),以高环(4~6环)PAHs为主;PAHs总量范围在24.49~750.04μg kg-1之间,平均为230.89μg kg-1,有48.28%的土样受到了污染;与国内其他地区农田土壤相比,研究区PAHs含量处于中低水平;空间趋势面分析表明,14种PAHs在东西和南北方向上呈现出明显的规律增减性;从空间分布格局来看,研究区土壤中14种PAHs含量差异较大,整体呈现由东北向西南递减的趋势,且个别点位存在PAHs的富集现象,存在局部点源污染;采用主成分及多元线性回归分析污染来源,结果显示,研究区PAHs来源主要为煤、生物质燃烧,其次为汽油、柴油燃烧,贡献率分别为71%和29%,这与当地的工业发展水平关系密切。  相似文献   

11.
上海市主要道路绿地土壤中多环芳烃的分布特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
马光军  梁晶  方海兰  张甘霖 《土壤》2009,41(5):738-743
以上海市延安高架、中环和外环3条主要道路的交通繁忙地带绿地土壤为研究对象,调查研究了其多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布状况.结果表明,3条道路绿地土壤中∑16PAHs的含量在538 ~ 2.19×104 μg/kg之间,与国外Maliszewska-Kordybach建立的标准相比,3条道路绿地土壤均受到PAHs的污染,尤其是4 ~ 6环PAHs,其含量占∑16PAHs的90%,分析认为有机质是影响其分布的重要因素之一.3条道路污染程度有所不同,大小顺序为:外环>延安高架>中环,这主要与道路建成年限和允许的通车车辆类型有关,通车年限越长,大型卡车越多,土壤所受PAHs污染的程度越严重.  相似文献   

12.
分别使用气相色谱质谱仪和气相色谱仪对2010年5月采集的天津市大沽排水河8个沉积物样的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)和7种有机氯农药(OCPs)进行了调查,结果表明,沉积物中PAHs的总含量范围为370~5607ng·g-1,平均浓度为2041ng·g-1,OCPs的总含量范围为42.2~680ng·g-1,平均浓度为222ng·g-1。对其组成特征及来源进行了分析,结果表明,沉积物中PAHs主要以3~4环为主,5~6环较少,沉积物中PAHs主要来自化石燃料的燃烧或交通源贡献,以及少量石油产品的输入。滴滴涕(DDT)及其代谢产物的含量明显低于林丹类物质(HCHs),HCHs有新的输入,DDT没有新的输入,其降解方式主要是厌氧降解。  相似文献   

13.
Ma  Junwei  Gao  Chao  Yan  Hongxia  Li  Yuqian  Chen  Jiajun  Zhao  Yan  Xia  Xinghui 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(12):3945-3953
Purpose

Without precaution to deal with gas emissions and leachate generation, dumpsites have become a severe environmental problem in many developing countries. The objectives of this study were to investigate the pollution status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in dumpsite soil in rural areas of China and to verify phytoremediation effectiveness with Sedum alfredii Hance and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under complex pollution conditions in PAH-contaminated soil.

Materials and methods

In this study, we collected soil cores from four dumpsites in rural areas of North China (Hebei Province) for analysis, and correspondingly conducted an in situ phytoremediation experiment using Sedum alfredii Hance and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at one of these sites, monitoring the total PAH concentration in soil.

Results and discussion

Results showed generally moderate pollution by PAHs in soil samples from dumpsites with pockets of heavy pollution. PAH concentrations in dumpsite soil ranged from 827 to 1101 ng/g (dry weight). High-molecular-weight PAHs were present in higher proportions at oldest dumpsite in operation. Certain molecular ratios of PAHs can be used to diagnose the source of PAHs in soil, and it indicated that the main sources were combustion of domestic coal and biomass, as well as the automobile exhaust and kitchen exhaust. A 17-month in situ phytoremediation experiment resulted in the effective removal of PAHs in the Sedum alfredii and alfalfa plots, with total PAH concentrations decreasing by 82.4% and 81.3%, respectively. Furthermore, PAH concentrations in plants correlated to plant growth conditions.

Conclusions

This study indicated that the soils of the dumpsites were generally moderately polluted by PAHs, and some parts of the area were heavily polluted. Both Sedum alfredii and alfalfa absorbed PAHs from soil, and PAH concentrations in these two plants correlated to the growth conditions of the plants. Phytoremediation can effectively be used for PAH removal in open dumpsites.

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14.
The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined in seawater, sediment, and Rock oyster Saccostrea cucullata collected from four sampling sites in the inter-tidal areas of Bushehr province. The total concentrations of 14 PAHs varied from 1.5 to 3.6 ng/L in seawater, 41.7 to 227.5 ng/g dry weight in surface sediment, and 126 to 226.1 ng/g dry weight in oyster tissue. In comparing PAH concentrations among the three matrices in Bushehr province, data showed that the pattern of individual PAHs in seawater, oyster, and sediment were different. The oysters tended to accumulate the lower molecular weight and the more water-soluble PAHs. Sediment samples were distinguished from the sea water and oyster samples by the presence of high molecular weight PAHs, especially six-ring PAHs. Three- and four-ring PAHs were the most abundant compounds among the 14 PAHs investigated in surface seawater, sediment, and oyster samples. As expected, differences in octanol/water partition coefficient among individual PAHs and the greater persistence of the higher molecular weight PAHs contributed to the accumulation patterns in oyster and sediment. The results of the study suggested that the main sources of PAHs in the seawater and sediment in the region were mixed pyrolitic and petrogenic inputs.  相似文献   

15.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous toxic organic pollutants in the natural environment that are strongly associated with socioeconomic activities. Exploring the distribution, sources, and ecological toxicity of PAHs is essential to abate their pollution and biological risks. The 16 priority PAHs in different lakeside city estuarine sediments in the northern Taihu Lake in China were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results showed that total concentrations of PAHs (ΣPAHs) ranged from 672.07 to 5 858.34 ng g-1, with a mean value of 2 121.37 ng g-1. High-molecular-weight PAHs (4-6 rings) were dominant, accounting for 85% of the ΣPAHs detected. Due to the barrier of gate/dam in the estuarine area, the concentrations of PAHs in the sediments were significantly different between the river mouth and lake side. Changes in total organic carbon (TOC) content and the spatial distribution of PAHs in the sediments were consistent. Sediment pollution assessment explored using the fuzzy evaluation model indicated 75% of slight PAH pollution. Some estuarine sediments (22%) concentrated in the east of the Wuli Lake in the Meiliang bay of the Taihu Lake were moderately or heavily polluted. The PAHs may lead to occasional detrimental biological consequences in the area. Diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression suggested vehicle emission and natural gas combustion as the primary PAH contributors (81%).  相似文献   

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