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1.
大青山主要植被类型土壤物理特性的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
对大青山5种主要植被类型土壤物理特性进行了研究.结果表明,在0-10 cm土层范围内,土壤石砾含量(粒级≥1 mm)、土壤容重均随土层深度增加而增加;土壤总孔隙度、田间持水量和最大持水量均随土层深度增加而减小.除辽东栎一虎榛子混交林外,乔木林地土壤石砾含量、土壤容重较灌木林地小,土壤总孔隙度、田间持水量和最大持水量较灌木林地大.土壤饱和导水率平均值排序为:虎榛子灌丛林>山杨天然林>白桦天然林>油松人工林>辽东栎-虎榛子混交林.0-60 cm土层饱和蓄水量山杨天然林最大达3 550.36 t/hm~2,辽东栎一虎榛子混交林和虎榛子灌丛林较小,分别为2 319.85 t/hm~2和2 271.87 t/hm~2.  相似文献   

2.
木兰围场3种典型林分枯落物及土壤持水能力   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
为探讨木兰围场华北落叶松人工林、白桦华北落叶松次生林和白桦次生林枯落物和土壤的持水规律。以这3种典型林分的枯落物和土壤为研究对象,采用室内浸水法和环刀法分别研究3种林分枯落物和土壤的持水特性。结果表明:3种林分枯落物的蓄积量表现为华北落叶松人工林(18.84t/hm2)白桦华北落叶松次生林(15.28t/hm2)白桦次生林(9.53t/hm2)。白桦华北落叶松次生林的枯落物最大持水量最大,为31.10t/hm2;而白桦次生林最大持水量最小,为21.40t/hm2,枯落物持水量与浸水时间呈对数关系,关系式为Q=aln(t)+b;吸水速率与浸水时间呈幂函数关系,关系式为V=ktn。枯落物在前0.5h内吸水速率最大,在4h左右时下降速度明显减缓,在24h时的吸水速率基本趋于0。3种林分枯落物有效拦蓄量表现为华北落叶松人工林(23.42t/hm2)白桦华北落叶松次生林(20.24t/hm2)白桦次生林(15.51t/hm2)。在0-60cm的土壤层中,华北落叶松人工林土壤容重均值最大,为1.32g/cm3;白桦华北落叶松次生林最小,为1.10g/cm3。白桦华北落叶松次生林的土壤总孔隙度均值最大,为53.65%;华北落叶松人工林最小,为47.45%。土壤的毛管孔隙度均值呈现出白桦华北落叶松次生林(42.61%)华北落叶松人工林(40.68%)白桦次生林(36.01%)的趋势。白桦次生林的土壤有效持水量最大,为175.99t/hm2,华北落叶松人工林最小,为67.70t/hm2。综合3种林分枯落物层和土壤层的持水能力,可知白桦华北落叶松次生林储水能力强于华北落叶松人工林和白桦次生林。  相似文献   

3.
接坝地区9种典型林分类型枯落物层和土壤层水文效应   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以八英庄林场9种典型林分类型为研究对象,对其枯落物层、土壤层水文效应进行研究,结果表明:(1)9种典型林分类型枯落物蓄积量在5.79~24.97t/hm~2的范围内,排序为白桦纯林白桦山杨混交林油松纯林山杨纯林蒙古栎纯林落叶松油松混交林白桦黑桦混交林落叶松纯林落叶松白桦混交林。(2)9种典型林分类型枯落物持水能力有一定差异,排序为白桦山杨混交林山杨纯林油松纯林白桦纯林白桦黑桦混交林落叶松油松混交林蒙古栎纯林落叶松白桦混交林落叶松纯林。(3)枯落物持水量与浸水时间呈较好的指数关系,相关系数在0.95以上,吸水速率与浸水时间呈较好的幂函数关系,相关系数大于0.9。(4)白桦山杨混交林枯落物有效拦蓄量最大为52.63t/hm~2,落叶松白桦混交林枯落物有效拦蓄量最小为14t/hm~2。(5)蒙古栎纯林土壤持水能力最强为117.42t/hm~2,其次是白桦山杨混交林为104.75t/hm~2,白桦纯林土壤持水能力最差为37.80t/hm~2。(6)土壤初渗速率在2.3~56.8mm/min范围内,土壤入渗速率与入渗时间呈较好的幂函数关系,相关系数大于0.95。  相似文献   

4.
安徽大别山库区不同林分类型的土壤特性及其水源涵养功能   总被引:64,自引:17,他引:47  
对安徽大别山库区7种不同林分土壤理化性质、凋落物持水量以及林地土壤贮水性能等进行了研究。结果表明,不同林分的土壤理化性质及其水源涵养功能差异明显。在相同的立地条件下,天然次生林和混交林具有更好的维持地力作用和更高的水源涵养功能。依据林地总贮水量的大小,7种林分的水源涵养功能依次为:天然次生林(2360.3t/hm2)>杉木黄山松混交林(2318.3t/hm2)>马尾松枫香混交林(2193.2t/hm2)>杉木林(2121.3t/hm2)>黄山松林(2055.1t/hm2)、马尾松林(2053.0t/hm2)>板栗林(2002.0t/hm2)。  相似文献   

5.
不同林龄白桦次生林土壤特性及其水源涵养功能   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
以小兴安岭地区4个林龄的白桦次生林为研究对象,对其土壤特性、土壤贮水性能、凋落物持水量进行研究。结果表明:白桦次生林凋落物的蓄积量、最大持水量均以38 a为最大,70 a相对较低,凋落物蓄积量与最大持水量有显著正相关关系;土壤非毛管孔隙度随林龄变化呈波动性变化,38 a白桦次生林0-30 cm土层非毛管孔隙最大,有利于降水的下渗,而25 a白桦次生林0-30 cm土层非毛管孔隙最小,不利于水分下渗。土壤水源涵养功能大小排序为70 a(3 628.445 t/hm^2)〉56 a(3 524.015 t/hm^2)〉25 a(3 433.626 t/hm^2)〉38 a(3 275.820 t/hm^2)。  相似文献   

6.
冀北山地阴坡枯落物层和土壤层水文效应研究   总被引:17,自引:4,他引:13  
对冀北山地阴坡6种不同天然林分枯落物层及土壤层进行了初步研究,结果表明:(1)枯落物总蓄积量和最大持水量的顺序一致:华北落叶松-白桦-黑桦混交林>白桦-华北落叶松混交林>白桦-黑桦-华北落叶松混交林>蒙古栎-黑桦混交林>山杨-黑桦-蒙古栎混交林>白桦-黑桦混交林,枯落物的蓄积量为10.15~30.47 t/hm2,最大持水量的变化范围为24.33~63.57 t/hm2。华北落叶松-白桦-黑桦混交林的有效拦蓄能力最强,为48.60 t/hm2,山杨-黑桦-蒙古栎混交林的有效拦蓄能力最弱,为16.47 t/hm2;(2)未分解层枯落物与半分解层枯落物持水量与浸泡时间呈明显对数关系,吸水速率与浸泡时间呈明显幂函数关系;(3)土壤容重均值的变化范围为0.89~1.18 g/cm3,总孔隙度的变动范围为49.93%~63.08%。随着土壤厚度加深,土壤容重逐渐增大,总孔隙度逐渐减小;(4)山杨-黑桦-蒙古栎混交林有效持水能力最强,为65.43 t/hm2,华北落叶松-白桦-黑桦混交林持水能力最弱,为37.92t/hm2,土壤入渗速率与入渗时间呈明显幂函数关系,相关系数都在0.95以上。  相似文献   

7.
祁连山不同林地类型土壤特性及其水源涵养功能   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
对甘肃祁连山4种不同林地类型的土壤特性、凋落物持水量、林地土壤蓄水性能、土壤渗透性能等进行了研究.结果表明,林地内土壤容重和孔隙度(0-60 cm)差异较大,容重大小依次为:牧坡草地>祁连圆柏林>高山灌丛林>青海云杉林;总孔隙度大小依次为:青海云杉林>高山灌丛林>祁连圆柏林>牧坡草地.林地间凋落物的最大持水量和最大持水率表现一致,趋势表现为:高山灌丛林>青海云杉林>祁连圆柏林>牧坡草地.不同林地间土壤非毛管孔隙持水量差别较大,4种林地的土壤非毛管孔隙持水量由大到小依次为:青海云杉林>高山灌丛林>祁连圆柏林>牧坡草地.有效涵蓄量大小与土壤涵蓄降水量一致,4种林地变化范围为184.98~222.27 mm,大小顺序依次为:青海云杉林>牧坡草地>高山灌丛林>祁连圆柏林.  相似文献   

8.
辽西海棠山森林枯落物持水与土壤贮水能力研究   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
从森林涵养水源的角度出发,对辽西海棠山6种林分的枯落物持水能力和土壤贮水能力进行了研究,结果表明,森林枯落物的厚度为1.3~3.0 mm.依次为油松人工林>针阔混交林>五角枫人工林>核桃秋林>黄檗林>杂木林,枯落物蓄积量为3.68~12.46 t/hm2,依次为油松人工林>核桃秋林>黄檗林>针阔混交林>五角枫人工林>杂木林;枯落物最大持水量为1.09~4.33 mm,依次以黄檗林>核桃秋林>油松人工林>五角枫人工林>针阔混交林>杂木林,枯落物最大持水率为285.32 oA~504.01%,依次为黄檗林>核桃楸林>五角枫人工林>油松人工林>杂木林>针阔混交林;枯落物有效拦蓄深为0.27~0.99 mm,依次为:黄檗林>五角枫人工林>核桃楸林>油松人工林>杂木林>针阔混交林,有效拦蓄率为234.35%~421.67%,依次为黄檗林>核桃楸林>五角枫人工林>油松人工林>杂木林>针阔混交林;枯落物持水量在最初的2 h内迅速增加,而后增加速度逐步放缓,未分解层和半分解层枯落物均在18 h左右达到饱和,持水量与浸泡的关系为H=Aln(t)+B;五角枫人工林(123.6 t/hm2)、油松人工林(107.4 t/hm2)和针阔混交林(103.6 t/hm2)的土壤贮水力相对较强,黄檗林(84.4 t/hm2)、核桃秋林(60.6 t/hm2)和杂木林(55.8 t/hm2)的土壤贮水能力相对较弱.  相似文献   

9.
为了研究大伙房水库流域森林生态系统枯落物层和土壤层水文效应,以流域内3种不同植被类型为研究对象,采用浸泡法、环刀法对其枯落物层和土壤层水文功能进行定量研究。结果表明:(1)3种植被类型枯落物蓄积量为23.20~39.11t/hm~2,表现为刺槐天然次生林油松人工林落叶松人工林,且阔叶林枯落物半分解层蓄积量大于未分解层,而针叶林则相反。(2)枯落物层最大持水量为50.24~109.19t/hm~2,有效拦蓄量为41.70~90.71t/hm~2,均表现为刺槐天然次生林油松人工林落叶松人工林,刺槐天然次生林枯落物层持水功能较好。(3)枯落物未分解层、半分解层分别在浸水10,8h基本达到饱和,持水量与浸水时间呈明显对数关系(R20.91);枯落物在浸水1h内吸水速率变化最大,4h左右吸水速率明显减缓,吸水速率与浸泡时间呈明显幂函数关系(R20.93)。(4)3种植被类型土壤容重均值变化范围为1.10~1.25g/cm~3,总孔隙度变化范围为27.96%~30.19%,土壤有效持水量变化范围为21.11~29.39t/hm~2,不同植被类型土壤层持水能力表现为刺槐天然次生林油松人工林落叶松人工林,土壤入渗速率与入渗时间呈明显幂函数关系(R20.90)。综合3种植被类型枯落物层及土壤层水文功能表明刺槐天然次生林的水源涵养功能较强,建议在该流域加强天然次生林的保护和恢复。  相似文献   

10.
贺兰山4种典型森林类型凋落物持水性能研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
采用野外实地观测与室内浸提法,对贺兰山4种典型森林类型(油松青海云杉混交林、油松山杨混交林、油松纯林和青海云杉纯林)林地凋落物的储量、持水量、持水率和吸水速率进行了研究。结果表明:4种类型的林分凋落物储量大小依次为青海云杉纯林>油松云杉混交林>油松纯林>油松山杨混交林;油松纯林、油松云杉混交林、青海云杉纯林和油松山杨混交林的凋落物最大持水量分别为38.46,40.11,46.78,36.35t/hm2;最大持水率分别为152.56%、150.79%、144.43%和184.14%,各林分凋落物的持水量和持水率都随着浸泡时间的增加按照对数方程增加;吸水速率呈现油松山杨混交林>油松云杉混交林≥油松纯林>青海云杉纯林,且各林分的凋落物吸水速率随浸泡时间的增长按幂函数方程下降。有效拦蓄量林型间变化范围为10.7~15.73t/hm2,油松山杨混交林最大,为15.73t/hm2,油松纯林(14.05t/hm2)和油松云杉混交林(11.98t/hm2)次之,青海云杉纯林最小,仅为10.7t/hm2。  相似文献   

11.
In southern China, collapsing gully erosion produces massive deposits of sediment on the plough layer of alluvial fan farmland, leading to reduced nutrients, increased erodibility, and even desertification. The aim of this study was to investigate soil erodibility (the factor K in the universal Soil Loss Equation, USLE) and physicochemical properties of the alluvial fans of the most severe collapsing gully erosion areas (Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong provinces) in southern China. The soils of the collapsing gully alluvial fans had a higher bulk density, but a lower total porosity, saturated water content, and silt and clay fractions than the control (CK) soils from the farmland without desertification. Soil quality gradually decreased from fan edge to fanhead. Significant decreases were found in soil pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and total potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, resulting in a gradual decrease in soil nutrients from the fanedge to the fanhead. Soil erodibility was greatest in the fanhead, and soil erodibility K values of the alluvial fans were 53.71%, 66.28%, 67.53%, and 71.68 % greater than that in those of the CK soils of Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong, respectively, indicating a significant correlation between the soil erodibility K values and physicochemical properties, particularly sand fraction and organic matter content. The results provide new insights into the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and erodibility of alluvial fans, and suggest that improving soil structure might increase soil fertility in the collapsing gully alluvial fan farmland.  相似文献   

12.
The concept of soil health has been extensively reviewed in the scientific literature, but there is only patchy and inconsistent information available to farmers and growers who are concerned about the declining condition of their soils and are looking for appropriate test methods and management interventions to help reverse it. Although there are well‐established laboratory methods for soil chemical analysis, and a range of laboratory and field methods for measuring soil physical properties, only now are methods starting to emerge for soil biological analysis. This study provides an overview of the methods that are currently available commercially (or are close to commercialization) for farmers and growers in the UK. We examine the science underpinning the methods, the value of the information provided and how farmers and advisors can use results from such assessments for informed decision‐making in relation to soil management.  相似文献   

13.
Protecting soil structure against compaction—proposed solutions to safeguard agricultural soils To safeguard the ecological soil functions and the functions linked to human activities, measures against harmful changes to the soil are required, in line with the precautionary principle. The German Federal Soil Protection Act sets obligations for precaution in agricultural land use and, if harmful changes to the soil are foreseeable, measures for averting a danger. The results of a research project of the Federal Environmental Agency show that it is possible to describe an impairment of the soil structure, using methods of soil analysis. But this as a sole information would not qualify for the identification of harmful changes to the soil in the context of the Soil Protection Act, which requires an assessment of the severity of disruption of soil functions and the respective subject of protection. This would make additional soil investigations on site mandatory. Approaches in agricultural engineering and soil physics have introduced procedures to preserve the soil structure, in accordance with the precautionary principle. But these procedures have different goals and different ranges of application and hence offer partial solutions to safeguard against soil compaction. The assessment model of “trafficability by measuring the rut depth” provides information about the compaction status of the soil under applied conditions for farming gear, without providing detailed information about affected soil layers. The soil‐physical model of classifying soils into “risk classes for harmful soil compaction” focuses on the relationship between topsoil compaction and crop yields. The soil‐physical models “precompression stress” and “loading ratio” provide information for the assessment of subsoil compaction and a prognosis of a possible impairment of the soil structure at the water content of field capacity. It is necessary to validate the individual models with additional regional data about soil structure before a final assessment of the prognoses is made.  相似文献   

14.
X. Y. WANG  Y. ZHAO  R. HORN 《土壤圈》2010,20(1):43-54
Depth distribution of soil wettability and its correlations with vegetation type, soil texture, and pH were investigated under various land use (cropland, grassland, and forestland) and soil management systems. Wettability was evaluated by contact angle with the Wilhelmy plate method. Water repellency was likely to be present under permanently vegetated land, but less common on tilled agricultural land. It was mostly prevalent in the topsoil, especially in coarse-textured soils, and decreased in the subsoil. However, the depth dependency of wettability could not be derived from the investigated wide range of soils. The correlation and multiple regression analysis revealed that the wettability in repellent soils was affected more by soil organic carbon (SOC) than by soil texture and pH, whereas in wettable soils, soil texture and pH were more effective than SOC. Furthermore, the quality of SOC seemed to be more important in determining wettability than its quantity, as proofed by stronger hydrophobicity under coniferous than under deciduous forestland. Soil management had a minor effect on wettability if conventional and conservation tillage or different grazing intensities were considered.  相似文献   

15.
设施栽培下原状土与扰动土水分特性的试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以四川省双流县设施栽培土壤为研究对象,对其原状土与扰动土的土壤水分特征曲线、水分物理性质和比水容量等项目进行了研究。结果表明,扰动土水分特征曲线总体变化趋势与原状土较为一致。在低吸力阶段,相同吸力条件下扰动土含水量高于原状土,在高吸力阶段两者差异较小。扰动土毛管孔隙度、总孔度和凋萎含水量在剖面上的总体变化趋势与原状土较为一致。扰动土不同土层田间持水量和有效水含量差异较小,原状土的田间持水量和有效水含量均随土层加深而减少。在低吸力阶段,相同吸力条件下扰动土比水容量远高于原状土,但随土壤水吸力增加,扰动土比水容量变化趋势逐渐与原状土一致。  相似文献   

16.
植物的固土抗蚀作用大小与其根系密切相关,而根系特征决定了根的固土抗蚀作用的发挥,本文以相同基质下构树和顶坛花椒不同特征的根系为研究对象.通过研究根系特征与土壤抗冲性、抗蚀性、抗拉性、紧实度的关系,结果表明,苗期根系能强化土壤抗冲性,构树苗、顶坛花椒苗根系强化值大小分别为78.01>77.71;根系可提高土壤抗蚀性,其抗蚀性强弱为.构树苗>顶坛花椒苗>对照,构树、顶坛花椒、对照试验的土壤水稳性指数分别为4.36,3.16,1.67;不同树种根系对土壤的固结能力不同,构树苗生长下的土壤抗拉能力为214.92 N,明显大于顶坛花椒苗生长下的土壤154.87 N;土壤紧实度大小为构树苗>顶坛花椒苗.并采用加权综合指数法综合评价了苗期不同特征植物根系的固土能力强弱,得出构树苗综合指数为1.058.而顶坛花椒苗为0.902.即构树苗的固土能力强于顶坛花椒,以期为今后的水土保持工作提供一定的理论依据.  相似文献   

17.
土壤结构是土壤功能的基础,不仅影响土壤养分的供应、水分的保持及渗透、气体的交换等过程,还为土壤微生物提供了物理生境,并调控土壤有机碳的周转这一关键过程。土壤的孔隙特征能够直接、真实地反映土壤结构的好坏;用土壤的孔隙特征作为试验指标能更好地反映土壤结构对这些过程的调节作用。在此基础上,将高度异质性的土壤孔隙结构同土壤微环境的变化和土壤有机碳的周转过程进行定量分析,对深入了解土壤结构在土壤生态系统中的功能至关重要。因此,着重从土壤孔隙结构对土壤微环境的影响及其与有机碳的关系两方面展开,剖析土壤孔隙结构调控作用下的土壤微环境响应过程,阐述土壤孔隙结构对土壤有机碳周转产生的直接、间接影响,强调土壤孔隙结构在调节土壤有机碳周转进程中的重要作用,并对土壤孔隙结构在调节土壤有机碳周转、植物残体分解及其与微生物协调作用机制等方面研究提出展望。  相似文献   

18.
基于30年长期定位试验,通过测定黑土光谱反射率和不同腐殖质组分含量,探究了不同施肥对黑土土壤腐殖质含量、土壤颜色及二者之间的关系。试验设置5个处理:(1)休耕(Fallow);(2)不施肥处理(CK);(3)单施化肥(NPK);(4)有机肥部分替代化肥(NPKM);(5)秸秆部分替代化肥处理(NPKS)。结果表明:与NPK处理相比,Fallow、NPKS、NPKM分别显著提高49.7%,74.3%,27.0%的土壤有机碳含量(p<0.05)。NPKM处理中胡敏酸(HA)含量最高为3.9 g/kg,随后依次为CK、NPKS、NPK、Fallow。NPKM、NPKS和Fallow处理中土壤富里酸(FA)含量为2.2~2.3 g/kg,显著高于NPK和CK。NPKM处理中胡敏素(HM)含量为18.6 g/kg,显著高于其他处理(p<0.05)。不同处理间土壤光谱反射率由高到低依次为NPK>Fallow、CK>NPKS>NPKM,与CK处理相比,NPK土壤光谱反射率在平均提高6.5%,NPKS和NPKM则分别降低11.1%和15.1%。根据线性相关分析结果,黑土土壤光谱反射率与土壤HAHM均呈显著负相关关系(p<0.01),相关系数(r)分别为-0.858,-0.681。综合上述结果,长期有机物料投入可以显著提高黑土腐殖物质含量,降低黑土光谱反射率,使黑土颜色加深,而长期化肥施入则使黑土光谱反射率提高,出现"褪色"现象,有机粪肥在黑土中对土壤有机质和腐殖质含量的提升效果优于秸秆。  相似文献   

19.
金沙江干热峡谷中退化的土壤生态系统生物学特征初探   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Distribution characteristics of soil animals,microorganisms and enzymatic activity were studied in the dry red soil and Vertisol ecosystems with different degradation degrees in the Yuanmou dry hot valley of the Jinsha River,China.Results showed that Hymenoptera,Araneae and Collembola were the dominant groups of soil animals in the polts studied.The numbers of groups and individuals and density of soil animals in the dry red soil series were higher than those in the Vertisol series,and the numbers of individuals and density of soil animals decreased with the degree of soil degradation.Bacteria dominated microbiococnosis not only in the dry red soils but also in the Vertisols.Microbial numbers of the dry red soil series were higher than those of Vertisol series,and decreased with the degree of soil degradation.The activities of catalase,invertase,urease and alkaline phosphatase declined with the degradation degree and showed a significant decline with depth in the profiles of both the dry red soils and the Vertisols,but activities of polyphenol oxidase and acid and neutral phosphatase showed the same tendencies only in the Vertisols.It was concluded that the characteristics of soil animals,microorganisms and enzymatic activity could be used as the bio-indicators to show the degradation degree of the dry red soils and Vertisols.Correlation among these soil bio-indicators was highly significant.  相似文献   

20.
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from arable soil while maintaining productivity is a major challenge for agriculture. Biochar is known to reduce N2O emissions from soil, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study examined the impact of green waste biochar (20 Mg ha?1) and lime (CaCO3; 2 Mg ha?1) application on soil gas transport properties and related changes in these to soil N2O and CO2 emissions measured using automated chambers in a field experiment cropped with maize. In situ soil water content monitoring was combined with laboratory measurements of relative soil gas diffusion coefficient (Dp/D0) at different matric potentials, to determine changes in Dp/D0 over time. Cumulative N2O emissions were similar in the control and lime treatment, but much lower in the biochar treatment. Cumulative CO2 emissions decreased in the order: lime treatment > biochar treatment > control soil. When N2O emissions were not driven by excess N supply shortly after fertilisation, they were associated with Dp/D0 changes, whereby decreases in Dp/D0 corresponded to N2O emissions peaks. No distinct pattern was observed between CO2 emissions and Dp/D0. Cumulative N2O emissions were positively related to number of days with Dp/D0 < 0.02, a critical limit for soil aeration. These results indicate that improved soil gas diffusivity, and hence improved soil aeration, may explain the effect of biochar in reducing N2O emissions. They also suggest that knowledge of Dp/D0 changes may be key to explaining N2O emissions.  相似文献   

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