辣椒种质表型性状与SSR分子标记的遗传多样性分析

为改良辣椒品种和挖掘新品种选育的特异种质材料,以52份纯化的辣椒种质为供试材料,对18个表型性状进行变异性、多样性和主成分分析,分别基于表型性状及SSR分子标记对供试材料进行聚类分析,并对2种聚类结果进行相关性分析。结果表明,18个性状在不同种质材料之间存在显著差异,平均变异系数为34.57%,平均香农多样性指数为2.47;被提取的前7个成分占表达信息量的78.153%,其中第1主成分占表达信息量的20.991%,且第1主成分在果实直径、果肉厚度、单果重、果形指数、叶片宽度和叶片长度等性状上呈现较高的载荷量;表型性状分析将52份材料分成四类,SSR标记分析将52份材料也分成四类,但2种分类方法的结果之间不存在相关性(r=-0.027,P=0.6050.05),即2种方法得出的结果吻合性不高。本研究结果为辣椒种质资源创新和新品种选育提供了一定的理论依据。     

华南型黄瓜主要农艺性状遗传多样性评价

为研究华南型黄瓜的遗传多样性及亲缘关系,以69份黄瓜自交系为试材,对其24个主要农艺性状进行遗传变异、相关性、主成分和聚类分析。结果表明,不同农艺性状的变异系数为6.19%~73.89%,各性状至少与其他1个性状存在极显著或显著相关。选取累积贡献率为73.597%的前7个主成分,其包含的17个农艺性状是黄瓜种质评价的主要指标,其中14份材料综合表现较优(F1.5)。进一步系统聚类,可将黄瓜种质分为4类:第Ⅰ类下胚轴较长,第1雌花节位低,瓜呈短圆筒形、具点状黄色斑纹,可用于早熟品种选育;第Ⅱ类下胚轴和节间短、第1分枝节位低,叶片小,第1雌花节位较低,瓜小、具点状黄色斑纹,综合性状与近缘野生种接近,可用于早熟、稳产、抗逆品种的选育;第Ⅲ类下胚轴和节间长,瓜皮白绿、具点状白色斑纹,可用于白皮品种选育;第Ⅳ类节间长、主蔓粗、第1分枝节位高,叶片大,第1雌花节位高,瓜大、呈长圆筒形、具点状白色斑纹,可用于黄瓜高产育种。综合评价结果表明华南型黄瓜种质具有丰富的遗传多样性,适用于黄瓜优异资源的挖掘及品种选育。本研究结果为华南型黄瓜资源利用和新品种选育奠定了基础。     

菘蓝农艺性状与药材产量的相关和通径分析

为探究菘蓝主要农艺性状的变异特征,明确药材产量形成的决定因子,合理评价与利用现有种质资源及选育品种提供参考依据,本研究以18份国内菘蓝主栽区的种质资源为试验材料,通过测定11个农艺性状,采用相关分析、回归分析、通径分析等方法,探讨菘蓝主要农艺性状之间的关系。结果表明,菘蓝主要农艺性状变异丰富,变异系数(CV)达9.83%~69.22%,根鲜重、叶鲜重和叶面积的CV均大于60%,大青叶和板蓝根产量的CV大于50%,根直径、叶干物质含量、根长、根干物质含量CV较小。大青叶产量与根干物质含量呈显著负相关,与叶片干物质含量呈负相关,与其他农艺性状都呈极显著正相关;板蓝根产量与叶、根干物质含量均呈负相关,与其他农艺形状均呈极显著正相关。采用逐步回归分析,分别建立大青叶产量和板蓝根产量与农艺性状之间的回归模型,经统计学检验,两个模型均达极显著水平,其决定系数分别为0.989、0.982。通过通径分析,确定影响大青叶产量的关键农艺性状依次为叶片数(0.715)、叶鲜重(0.594)、根鲜重(0.140)和侧根数(0.131),而影响板蓝根产量的关键农艺性状为根长(0.837)和根鲜重(0.592)。菘蓝种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,大青叶产量形成的决定因子为叶片数、叶鲜重、根鲜重和侧根数;板蓝根产量形成的决定因子为根长和根鲜重。高产型大青叶的品种特征为叶片数多、叶和根鲜重均重、侧根数较多;高产型板蓝根的品种特征为根长和根鲜重。本研究为菘蓝种质资源鉴定及品种选育提供了理论依据。     

84份马铃薯种质资源在白银市的表现与利用

对引进的84份马铃薯种质资源在白银地区的植物学特征、生物学特性进行了鉴定和评价。结果表明,在引进的84份材料中,早熟材料14份,中早熟6份,中熟材料20份,中晚熟材料2份;晚熟材料最多,达42份,占参试材料的50%。中早熟材料抗病性强的有17份,商品率在80%以上的有15份,产量在30 000 kg/hm2以上的材料有18份;晚熟材料抗病性强的有19份,商品率在80%以上的有24份,产量在30 000 kg/hm2以上的有20份。筛选出早熟品种冀张薯12号、FY、龙薯4号、冀张薯8号和晚熟品种陇薯10号、青薯9号、 大同里外黄、晋薯24号等。     

不同生态区谷子品种表型鉴定及SSR遗传多样性分析

为了明确不同生态区谷子品种的遗传多样性和遗传结构,本研究对175份来源不同的谷子品种进行29个表型性状鉴定和36对简单序列重复（SSR）标记分析。结果表明,谷子数量性状的平均遗传多样性指数最高,质量性状最低;不同类性状中,单穗码数、开花至成熟日数和粒色遗传多样性指数最高,分别为2.082 8、2.012 5和1.078 7。36对SSR引物中,共检测到401个等位基因,平均11.4个,Shannon指数和多态性信息含量（PIC）平均为2.017 2和0.810 6;标记B142、B225的Shannon指数和PIC值最高,是评价谷子遗传多样性的理想SSR标记。不同生态区表型和SSR标记多样性比较结果表明,春谷中晚熟区（ML）遗传多样性指数最高,春谷早熟区（EM）次之,夏谷区（SS）最低;春谷中晚熟区谷子品种有10个性状指标最高,且全生育期最长。春谷中晚熟区不同类型材料中,汾阳的质量性状遗传多样性指数和SSR标记Shannon指数均最高,长治数量性状遗传多样性指数最高,太原Ⅱ的生育期遗传多样性指数最高;不同类型材料间差异较低,其中7个数量性状指标差异未达显著水平;汾阳的株高最高,出谷率最...     

顶小穗簇生型早籼稻新种质的创制与鉴定

为获得理想的顶小穗簇生型早籼稻新种质,本研究以ZC1、中嘉早17、中佳早10号、嘉兴06-6、温814、温922、台早10-02、辐017、Z10-08、中佳早06和NZ07-51为亲本材料,利用顶小穗3粒簇生型常规中籼稻突变体与常规早籼稻有性杂交、后代复交,并经世代选育,育成了12份性状稳定、顶小穗2~5粒簇生的常规早籼稻新种质,再通过叶瘟抗性、生育期、产量、农艺及穗部簇生性状和稻米品质的鉴定,明确各种质的性状特征表现。结果表明,育成的12份顶小穗簇生型早籼稻新种质簇生粒率高,生育期和结实率较为理想,其中C1、C8、C9、C10和C11为粘稻,其余为糯稻,C3、C12叶瘟抗性较好,C1、C2、C4、C8、C9和C11千粒重在26.0 g 以上,C1、C5、C6、C7、C9、C10、C11和C12产量较对照增加,其中C10具有较高的增产潜力。本研究结果为顶小穗簇生穗性状研究和育种利用提供了一定的种质资源和技术支撑。     

吉林省不同生育期组大豆品种间农艺性状的比较分析

生育期是大豆重要的生物学特性,品种生育期的长短对农艺性状有较大影响。本研究于2013和2014年对种植的吉林省新近选育的94份大豆品种,采用相关和灰色关联分析两种方法分析了其不同生育期组大豆品种间主要农艺性状的差异及相互关系。结果表明:从MG0组到MGⅢ组,始花期(R1)、生理成熟期(R7)和完熟期(R8)逐渐延后,生育期结构的变异系数表现为营养生长期生殖生长期全生育期。各生育期组生殖生长期均与全生育期呈显著或极显著正相关关系,说明在大豆生长发育过程中生殖生长期起到了较大的作用。不同生育期组品种各农艺性状间的相关分析,MG0组品种在选育过程中可适当降低株高和主茎节数同时增加分枝数; MGⅠ组品种通过对株高、节数和分枝数的增加来改善产量构成因子,提高产量;分枝数可作为MGⅡ组品种选育的一个考量指标; MGⅢ组增加株高和主茎节数是提高产量潜力的较重要因素,尽量选择分枝较少的材料。灰色关联度分析,MG0、MGⅠ、MGⅡ组品种单株粒重与单株粒数关系同相关性分析结果一致。     

不同地区大麦种质资源农艺性状分析与评价

为了筛选综合性状优异的大麦种质并探究其主要农艺性状的遗传基础，以57份大麦种质资源为材料，对在张掖、兰州两地的57份大麦种质资源的株高、穗长、穗粒数、总分蘖数、有效分蘖数和千粒重等农艺性状进行鉴定，结果表明，两地区6个性状的平均变异系数为23.08%和26.19%，且张掖地区种植的大麦材料6个农艺性状均优于兰州。通过系统聚类，将参试的57份材料分别分为3个类群，第I类群分别为半矮秆型材料(张掖地区)和中高秆材料(兰州地区)，第II类群和第III类群均为中高秆材料。在主成分分析中，选取累计贡献率为80.072%和75.501%的前3个主成分来评价57份大麦资源。揭示了不同大麦资源的表型特异性。     

外引美国玉米种质材料田间鉴定与评价

对从美国引进的18份玉米种质材料通过田间种植,对其株高等9个性状进行综合鉴定与评价,为玉米种质创新、利用提供理论和物质基础。试验设2行区,小区面积4.2 m~2,不设重复,人工播种,单株留苗。结果表明,供试种质材料在产量、千粒质量、穗粒数、穗长、穗位高等方面都表现出丰富的遗传多样性,各性状间存在不同的相关性;抽雄期和成熟期对供试种质材料的千粒质量、穗粒数和产量均有不同程度影响。试验筛选出大穗种质材料3份、大粒种质材料3份、矮秆种质材料各2份;产量较高、综合农艺性状较好的优异种质材料4份。通过对供试种质材料的综合鉴定与评价认为,美国先锋公司的种质材料综合表现较好,可为育种家对美国种质材料的利用提供一定参考价值。     

用EST—SSR分子标记技术构建大白菜核心种质及其指纹图谱库

摘要利用EST-SSR分子标记对大白菜种质资源基因库中686份样品所代表的1900份大白菜种质资源进行分析研究。构建大白菜种质资源的核心种质并且形成核心种质的EST—SSR指纹图谱库。结果表明利用4组鉴定白菜品种的EST—SSR的特异性标记组合,获得近158个EST—SSR多态的标记,对大白菜种质资源基因库中686份样品所代表的1900份大白菜种质资源进行核心种质的构建提供了分析数据。形成的核心种质包括168份样品,占库存资源的8．8％,它的多态位点百分率保持了原群体的100％。所构建的核心种质涵盖了原资源的绝大部分区域来源的品种,包含了早、中、晚熟品种中所有典型的大白菜类型和其相关的特征特性。并进一步进行了核心种质资源遗传多样性分析。核心种质的EST—SSR指纹图谱库中,每一份样品的指纹都是唯一的,为登记、评价、整理、分发、繁殖等种质资源库的管理和育种者对其材料的利用提供了重要的有价值的信息。EST-SSR标记组合是构建中国大白菜核心种质及其指纹图谱的经济、高效的方法。     

Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage

Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.     

Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures: Resolving the “wicked” problem of the Steller sea lion

“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.     

Enhanced establishment and growth of giant cardon cactus in an eroded field in the Sonoran Desert using native legume trees as nurse plants aided by plant growth-promoting microorganisms and compost

To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.     

Karyotypic and genome size variation in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea) and some wild relatives

Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value.     

Effect of some fungicide seed treatments on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybean [Glycine max. (L) Merr.]

Several commercial fungicide seed treatments were evaluated for their possible effect on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on seeds and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans in a greenhouse and a field experiment. quinolate Pro (carbendazim and oxine copper), Vitavax 200FF (carboxin and thiram), and Monceren (pencycuron) had a small effect or no effect on the survival of B. japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans. They can thus be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. Germipro UFB (carbendazim and iprodione), Apron 35J (metalaxyl), and Tachigaren (hymexazol) decreased B. japonicum survival and the nodulation and yield of soybeans and thus cannot be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation.     

Einfluss der düngungsmethoden auf die entwicklung von zuckerrübenkrankheiten

Während neunjähriger (1994-2002) Untersuchungen in der Versuchsanstalt Ba?cyny (Fahlerde, Fall-Gleyboden, ausgebildet aus leichtem Lehmboden) wurde der Befall mit Krankheiten an der Zuckerrübe in Abhängigkeit von der Düngungsmethode bewertet. Folgende Methoden wurden angewendet: A - Mineraldünger, B - Stalldung und Mineraldünger, C - Stroh-, Gründung und Mineraldünger, D - Kompostdünger und Biopräparate (ökologische Düngung). Auf den Objekten A, B, C wurden bei konstanter Phosphor-Kalium-Düngung die Stickstoffgaben von 0 bis 180 kg.ha^?1 differenziert. Auf dem ökologischen Objekt D ohne Mineraldünger wurden statt Stickstoff die Biopräparate P₅₀₀ und P₅₀₁ verabreicht. Der geringste Befall von Krankheiten wurde an der Zuckerrübe auf jenem Objekt festgestellt, das mit Kompost und den Biopräparaten gedüngt worden war. Im Rahmen der konventionellen Düngungsmethoden wurde allgemein die höchste Intensität der Krankheiten an der mit Stroh, Gründung und Mineraldünger gedüngten Zuckerrübe beobachtet. Ausnahmen von dieser Regel bildete das Vorkommen von echtem Mehltau und Keimlingsfäule. Auf den Objekten A, B, C nahm die Intensität der Krankheiten mit der Steigerung der Stickstoffgabe zu. Auch die auf Objekt D verabreichten Biopräparate stimulierten die Entwicklung der Krankheiten. The effect of various fertilization methods on the diseases of sugar beet was estimated on the basis of nine-year studies (1994-2002) conducted in the Experimental Production Farm in Ba?cyny on loess-based, sedimentary-gley, light-clay soil. The following fertilization methods were applied: A - mineral fertilization, B - mineral and manure fertilization, C - straw, green manure and mineral fertilization, D - ecological compost and biodynamic preparations fertilization. In the objects A, B and C fertilized with phosphorus and potassium, various doses of nitrogen ranging from 0 to 180 kg/ha^?1 were used. In the ecological object D, where mineral fertilization was not used, biodynamic preparations P₅₀₀ and P₅₀₁ were applied instead of nitrogen. The lowest ratio of the diseases of sugar beet was observed in the object fertilized with the compost and biodynamic preparations. In view of the conventional fertilization methods, generally the highest incidence of diseases was noted in the sugar beet fertilized with straw, green manure and mineral fertilizers. The exception was the occurrence of powdery mildew and the black leg. In objects A, B and C the incidence of the diseases increased with the increase in nitrogen doses. The applied biodynamical preparations in the object D stimulated the development of diseases too.     

Prospects for control of Pythium damping-off of lettuce with Trichoderma,Gliocladium and Enterobacter spp.

Summary Damping-off of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) caused by Pythium ultimum was studied in pots containing a non-sterile potting mix in the glasshouse. Fifty P. ultimum sporangia g^-1 compost reduced the plant stand to 15% and shoot dry weight to 18%, but this reduction was totally prevented by applying Trichoderma harzianum at 2×10⁵ viable propagules g^-1 potting mix. Gliocladium virens and Enterobacter cloacae also alleviated the damping-off. E. cloacae did not adversely affect the action of the fungal antagonists. The co-existence of the bacterial and fungal antagonists was revealed on the root surface and inner surface of the testa by scanning electron microscopy, indicating the compatibility of the biocontrol agents.     

细菌、真菌及植物氮营养信号研究进展

氮素吸收代谢是所有生物生命活动的核心部分,因此,各种生物对氮的吸收与同化过程都有精细的调节。这种调节依赖于生物对体内氮素状况信号及体外（生长介质中）氮素信号的感受。过去几十年中,在细菌、真菌中已经对氮素营养信号有了较好的研究,而植物中则相对缓慢,但也有了一定的认识。本文重点比较细菌、真菌及植物中氮信号系统的组成,以期为进一步认识植物中的氮信号接受与转导系统提供启示。     

Potential of wild species for genetic enhancement of some semi-arid food crops

Discovery and incorporation of genes from wild species provide means to sustain crop improvement, particularly when levels of resistance in the cultigens are low and virulent strains of pests and pathogens overcome the host plant resistance. The extent of utilization and the potential of the wild genepool for genetic enhancement were reviewed in five important food crops viz. sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut grown in the semi-arid tropics. Introgression from compatible wild germplasm in the primary gene pool resulted in transfer of new cytoplasmic male sterility systems in pearl millet and pigeonpea, development of high protein, cleistogamous flower and dwarf pigeonpea lines and foliar disease resistant groundnut cultivars. Utilization of wild species in secondary and tertiary gene pools has been generally limited due to sterility, restricted recombination or cross incompatibility. Nevertheless, these species are extremely important as they contain high levels of resistance to several important biotic and abiotic stresses. Several of them, like those belonging to the Parasorghum section and the rhizomatous Arachis species are sources of multiple resistances and hold great promise to sustain crop productivity.     

“绿色革命”以来大气CO2浓度升高对C3作物营养品质的影响

自20世纪60年代"绿色革命"以来,育种技术和农耕技术的发展促进了农作物产量的大幅提升,然而作物的营养品质出现下降趋势。在相似的遗传背景下,大气CO_2浓度升高会使单位体积农作物产品的营养元素含量下降,因此"绿色革命"至今,农作物产品的营养元素下降可能受大气CO_2浓度升高影响。通过植物生长箱模拟"绿色革命"初期和目前的大气CO_2浓度水平(310μmol/mol和400μmol/mol),针对主要C_3作物水稻、小麦和大豆,研究"绿色革命"以来大气CO_2浓度升高对其籽粒的C、N、Fe、Zn元素含量的影响,结果表明:CO_2浓度升高对3种作物籽粒的C元素含量几乎没有影响,变化幅度在±1.5%之间;籽粒的N、Fe、Zn元素含量普遍呈现下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平。