绿色木霉复配有机肥的筛选及对黄瓜枯萎病的防治作用

单独应用绿色木霉控制蔬菜土传病害效果不理想,探索筛选适合的有机肥与绿色木霉复配,达到提高生防菌防病作用的目的。从供试的7种有机肥中,筛选出菇渣和牛粪适合与木霉菌复配。菇渣和牛粪的提取液对黄瓜枯萎病菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为74.91%和69.38%,对绿色木霉菌丝生长抑制率分别为-7.90%(促进作用)和4.94%,使黄瓜种子胚根伸长增长率分别为36.75%和28.21%。菇渣、牛粪分别与绿色木霉混合后对黄瓜枯萎病的防效分别为64.98%和63.32%。菇渣和牛粪按1:1混合后再与绿色木霉复配制成菇渣、牛粪木霉有机肥的防效高达85.31%,黄瓜地上部分鲜重和地下部分鲜重分别增加了71.50%和79.55%。菇渣和牛粪与绿色木霉复配可显著提高木霉对黄瓜枯萎病的防病效果和对黄瓜生长的促进作用。     

生物质炭介导生防微生物抑制辣椒疫霉的作用

生物质炭可有效防控土传病害，筛选并鉴定出生物质炭介导下的生防微生物，可为研究生物质炭防病机理和强化生物质炭防病效果提供理论依据。本研究首先进行秸秆生物质炭防控辣椒疫病盆栽试验，利用定量PCR和平板计数明确生物质炭在防控辣椒疫病时可富集的已知生防微生物，再通过选择性培养基初筛和定殖复筛筛选出生物质炭可富集的潜在生防微生物菌株，最后研究各菌株在土壤中对辣椒疫霉的抑制作用。结果表明，秸秆生物质炭使根际辣椒疫霉数量显著降低95.1%、辣椒疫病发生率显著降低91.1%，并使具有生防功能的木霉菌、青霉菌、曲霉菌、芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌和鞘氨醇单胞菌数量显著增加2.22倍、4.09倍、3.89倍、2.45倍、1.45倍和1.30倍。通过平板初筛得到可能被生物质炭富集的22株潜在生防菌株。定殖复筛剔除部分假性生物质炭介导菌株，获得可明确被生物质炭富集的2株木霉菌、3株青霉菌、2株曲霉菌、3株芽孢杆菌、3株假单胞菌、3株链霉菌和2株鞘氨醇单胞菌。木霉菌（TR1和TR3）、青霉菌（PE1）、曲霉菌（AS1和AS2）、芽孢杆菌（BA1、BA2和BA3）、假单胞菌（PS1和PS3）、链霉菌（ST1、ST4和ST5）13个菌株可显著削减土壤辣椒疫霉数量。其中，所有木霉菌和曲霉菌菌株（TR1、TR3、AS1和AS2）及芽孢杆菌（BA1和BA2）、假单胞菌（PS1和PS3）和链霉菌（ST1）9个菌株与生物质炭具有显著的协同抑制辣椒疫霉效果。因此，防控辣椒疫病时，木霉菌、曲霉菌、芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌和链霉菌是生物质炭介导下的主要防病微生物。     

水稻纹枯病生防菌株的筛选及其应用方式的研究

生物防治微生物的应用方式对生防效果具有显著影响。本研究利用分离到的生防菌株T12孢子粉、有机肥吸附菌丝(菌丝吸附)和固体发酵产品(固体发酵)3种水稻纹枯病生防菌的应用方式,研究了3种应用方式对水稻纹枯病发病率、微生物数量以及水稻抗病性酶活性的影响,分析了不同应用方式的生防效果。结果表明,生防菌株T12鉴定为棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)。孢子粉、菌丝吸附和固体发酵的应用方式都能够防控水稻纹枯病,其中固体发酵应用方式的防效最好,防治率为89.5%。相较于孢子粉处理,应用菌丝吸附和固体发酵的方式能够显著(P0.05)增加水田中立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)菌核表面附着的木霉菌数量。水稻移栽20 d测定水稻茎秆上木霉菌数量显示,固体发酵和菌丝吸附应用方式有利于木霉菌在水稻茎秆定殖;水稻移栽60 d、100 d和130 d测定木霉菌数量表明,孢子粉处理木霉菌数量高于固体发酵处理,固体发酵处理高于菌丝吸附处理(P0.05)。水稻生育期内,对照处理立枯丝核菌数量从41 cfu-g-1增加到272 cfu-g-1,孢子粉处理和菌丝吸附处理水稻茎秆上立枯丝核菌数量低于对照处理,但均高于固体发酵处理(P0.05)。测定水稻几丁质酶和β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性的结果显示,3种应用方式都能够诱导水稻产生抗性,相较于孢子粉处理,菌丝吸附和固体发酵处理能够在水稻生育期内持续诱导水稻产生抗性。棘孢木霉T12菌株固体发酵产品的应用方式更有利于对水稻纹枯病的生物防控。     

土壤不同微生物量对木霉菌定殖的影响和木霉菌生态学习性研究

木霉菌（Trichodermaspp．）在真菌中具有重要生防价值，以其存在的广泛性、在环境中易定殖、繁殖速度快等优点受到人们的重视。20世纪70年代以来人们对生防机制作了深入研究，证实木霉菌对植物病原真菌具有竞争作用、重寄生作用、抗生作用、诱导植物抗病性等生防机制，并从分子水平上探索了其作用机理。同时人们以木霉菌活菌为材料对多种植物病害的防病效果进行了大量小型试验，取得了较好效果，并以此为基础研制出了木霉菌生防农药。但在生产实践中发现，木霉菌活菌制剂的田间应用效果与实验室的试验效果相差甚远。笔者认为木霉菌在自然环境中的定殖与繁殖不仅受到温度、湿度等物理环境因素的影响，同时也会受到环境中其他微生物的影响，以往的研究多集中在物理因素方面，本试验研究了木霉菌在不同微生物量土壤中的定殖情况及木霉菌生态学习性，旨在为生产实践中提高木霉菌的生防效果提供依据。     

适用热区芒果园的木霉生物有机肥研制及其应用

研究从热区土壤中筛选得到的促生木霉菌株及其研制的生物有机肥对芒果产量及品质的影响。通过稀释涂布法筛选出木霉菌株,观测不同温度下生长情况进行初筛,室内盆栽试验复筛得到具有促生效果的木霉菌株;田间条件下,研究施用木霉生物有机肥对芒果产量及品质的影响;最后,结合菌株ITS及tef1序列分析鉴定其分类信息。结果表明:从海南芒果园土壤中筛选出的适温范围较宽的木霉菌株中,菌株MD30在35℃及40℃下生长速度最快。室内条件下菌株MD30试制的生物有机肥对黄瓜苗期的促生作用优于其他木霉菌株,其地上部鲜重和干重较不施肥对照(CK)于第1季分别增加了29%及64%,于第2季分别增加了116%和53%。室内促生效应最为显著的木霉菌株MD30的ITS和tef1序列分析表明该菌株为长枝木霉菌(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)。田间条件下,施用MD30木霉生物有机肥(MD30)当季产量显著高于不施肥对照(CK)、化肥处理(CF)、有机肥处理(OF)和NJAU4742木霉生物有机肥(4742),分别增产13%、7%、6%和3%;同时MD30处理相对于其他处理显著提高了芒果单果重、商品大果重、可溶性固形物和还原糖的含量,其中还原糖含量比4742处理分别增加了25%、22%、7%和6%。因此,长枝木霉MD30研制的生物有机肥提高了芒果果实的产量和品质,对热区植物的生长具有显著的促生效应。     

DMPP增强碳酸氢铵防控辣椒疫病的效果与机制

为增强氨杀灭土壤病原微生物、防控作物土传病害的效果,采用室内培养和盆栽试验的方法,研究了硝化抑制剂DMPP和(或)碳酸氢铵预处理潮土15 d,对土壤理化性质和土壤细菌、真菌、氨氧化菌、辣椒疫霉菌数量的影响以及对辣椒疫病的防效,并对辣椒疫病的发病率与土壤理化及微生物学性状进行相关性分析,为开发新的防控辣椒疫病的技术提供依据。结果表明,施加DMPP的土壤铵态氮含量显著高于对照,而土壤pH、硝态氮和亚硝态氮含量显著低于对照。碳酸氢铵和DMPP配合施用处理土壤15 d,土壤细菌amo A基因拷贝数和辣椒疫霉菌ITS基因拷贝数分别降低34.9%(P0.05)和93.8%(P0.05);土壤16S r RNA基因拷贝数比未添加DMPP处理高出54.7%(P0.05);DMPP对土壤氨氧化古菌amo A基因拷贝数无显著影响。栽植辣椒28 d后,DMPP和碳酸氢铵配合施用处理的辣椒疫霉菌ITS基因拷贝数最低(2.1×10~5 copies·g~(-1)),其次为DMPP(15.4×10~5 copies·g~(-1));对照辣椒根际疫霉数量最高(37.1×10~5 copies·g~(-1)),分别比碳酸氢铵处理、DMPP处理和DMPP和碳酸氢铵配合施用处理高0.4倍、1.4倍和16.8倍。碳酸氢铵或DMPP处理过的土壤栽植辣椒28 d后,对照辣椒疫病发病率最高(95.00%),仅施用碳酸氢铵处理发病率次之(85.00%),DMPP和碳酸氢铵配合施用处理的发病率最低(32.20%),其防治效果达66.11%。辣椒疫病的发生率与土壤电导率、硝态氮含量、疫霉菌数量正相关,与土壤pH、铵态氮含量、细菌及真菌数量负相关。综上,碳酸氢铵和DMPP配合施用降低潮土氨氧化细菌的数量,从而增加铵态氮而降低硝态氮含量,提高了土壤pH,进而降低土壤疫霉菌数量,因而能有效防控辣椒疫病。     

有机肥配施对番茄土传病害的防治及土壤微生物多样性的调控

在田间试验条件下，采用施用基肥和追肥的方法，结合Biolog技术，分析了不同有机肥配合施用对番茄土传病害的防治效果及对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响，并探讨了有机肥防治作物土传病害的机理及意义。结果显示，有机肥的施用对大田番茄青枯病、枯萎病、茎基腐病等3种土传病害均有显著的防治效果，粉状有机肥和液体有机肥配合施用时防病效果最显著；有机肥的施用还改善了土壤微生物群落结构。土壤微生物群落的AWCD和Shannon index与作物发病情况有较好的一致性，显示施肥提高土壤微生物多样性，对土传病害的防治有重要的影响。     

施用不同生物有机肥对连作黄瓜枯萎病防治效果及其机理初探

采用营养钵育苗和盆钵试验的方法,研究了以枯草芽孢杆菌SQR9和哈茨木霉T37这两株拮抗菌制成的三种生物有机肥（BIOⅠ、 BIOⅡ和BIOⅢ）对黄瓜生长、 土传枯萎病防治效果及其生防菌株在黄瓜根系中的定殖情况的影响。结果表明, 1）未施用生物有机肥的对照处理（CK）完全发病,有机肥处理（OF）发病率高达88.2%。施用BIO处理都不同程度地降低了黄瓜土传枯萎病的发病率,施用生物有机肥BIOⅠ、 BIOⅡ和BIOⅢ后发病率分别降至51.0%、 19.6%、 13.7%。2）与对照相比,BIOⅠ、 BIO Ⅱ和BIO Ⅲ处理能够显著提高黄瓜生物量,分别是对照的 2.55、 2.46 和 2.58 倍。3）菌株SQR9和T37通过有效的根际定殖降低了病原真菌对根系的侵染,荧光定量PCR（real-time PCR）测定黄瓜根际尖孢镰刀菌数量的结果表明,施用BIOⅡ和BIOⅢ能够将病原菌数量控制在103 copies/g, 土,而对照土壤高达 107 copies/g, 土。     

台湾地区红壤性水稻土速效氮磷含量对棘孢木霉菌及配施秸秆与氮肥的响应

以台湾苗栗红壤上发育的水稻土为研究对象,采用室内培养的方法,研究了棘孢木霉菌及配施秸秆与氮肥对土壤速效磷和速效氮含量的影响,以期了解棘孢木霉菌对台湾地区红壤性水稻土的培肥效果,同时为棘孢木霉菌在农业土壤肥力方面的应用提供合理依据。结果表明:(1)添加棘孢木霉菌可提高台湾地区红壤性水稻土速效磷含量0.65~1.81 mg kg~(-1),并在第35 d时达到最大值5.74 mg kg~(-1)(P0.05),明显高于秸秆和氮肥单独施用的效果。红壤性水稻土速效磷含量对棘孢木霉菌与秸秆和尿素配合施用的响应最大,增幅范围为2.09~3.37 mg kg~(-1),培养21 d时速效磷含量达到最大值8.08 mg kg~(-1)(P0.05)。(2)单独添加棘孢木霉菌对台湾地区红壤性水稻土速效氮含量没有产生有效影响,与试验预期效果不符。棘孢木霉菌及配施秸秆与两种氮肥(尿素和硫酸铵)施用对红壤速效氮含量有一定的提升影响,增幅范围分别为8.07~34.73 mg kg~(-1)和28.62~52.46 mg kg~(-1),分别在培养28 d和42 d时达到速效氮含量最大值36.88和54.57 mg kg~(-1)(P0.05)。红壤性水稻土速效氮含量对单施硫酸铵的响应最好,增幅范围为32.54~59.21 mg kg~(-1),培养35 d时速效氮含量最大值为61.06 mg kg~(-1)(P0.05)。试验成果为棘孢木霉菌及配施秸秆与氮肥应用于土壤营养改良提供理论参考。     

施用木霉菌诱导黄瓜抗病性及对土壤酶活性的影响

为了对木霉菌诱导植物抗病性及施用后对土壤酶活性的影响进行研究,以黄瓜为材料进行田间试验,检测木霉菌施用后蔬菜不同生长时期与诱导植物抗病性密切相关的植株酶活性变化以及根系土壤酶活性的变化.结果表明,在诱导植物抗病性方面,施用木霉菌后在黄瓜生长初期诱导植株产生了抗病性,增强了植物的抗病能力.在对土壤酶活性的影响方面,施用木霉菌剂处理的土壤脲酶活性在苗期、果期和末期高于对照,而在花期低于对照.土壤酸性磷酸酶活性在整个生长时期内的变化趋势均为施用木霉菌剂处理低于对照.土壤过氧化氢酶的活性表现为在苗期施用木霉菌剂处理明显高于对照,并始终保持在较高水平.     

Reduction in dose of chemical fertilizers and growth enhancement of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) with application of rhizospheric competent Pseudomonas aeruginosa LES4

Pseudomonas aeruginosa LES4, an isolate of tomato rhizosphere was found to be positive for several plant growth-promoting attributes like production of indole acetic acid, HCN and siderophore, solubilization of inorganic phosphate along with urease, chitinase and β-1-3-glucanase activity. In addition, it showed strong antagonistic effect against Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum. P. aeruginosa LES4 caused halo cell formation and other morphological deformities in mycelia of M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum. Root colonization was studied with Tn5 induced streptomycin resistant transconjugants of spontaneous tetracycline-resistant LES4 (designated LES4^tetra+strep+) after different durations. The strain was significantly rhizospheric competent, as 17.4% increase in its population was recorded in sesame rhizosphere. Seed bacterization with LES4 resulted in significant increase in vegetative growth parameters and yield of sesame over non-bacterized seeds. However, application of LES4 with half dose of fertilizers resulted in growth equivalent to full dose treatment, without compromising with the growth and yield of sesame. Moreover, the oil yield increased by 33.3%, while protein yield increased by 47.5% with treatment of half dose of fertilizer along with LES 4 bacterized seeds, as compared to full dose of fertilizers.     

强还原土壤对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制及微生物区系的影响

强还原土壤灭菌(reductive soil disinfestation,RSD)是一种抑制土传病原菌的高效和环保的方法。本试验通过荧光定量PCR和变性梯度凝胶电泳研究RSD对土壤尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)及微生物区系的影响。结果表明:处理15天后,较对照(CK)相比,除添加氨水处理(NH3)土壤p H上升外,以苜蓿粉和乙醇为有机碳源的RSD(Al-RSD和Et-RSD)处理土壤p H分别降低了0.54和1.16;NH3、Al-RSD和Et-RSD处理将尖孢镰刀菌数量分别降低了74%、98%和93%;Al-RSD显著增加了细菌的数量和多样性,Al-RSD和Et-RSD处理显著降低了土壤中真菌的数量,但增加了真菌的多样性。结果表明RSD与氨气熏蒸相比对于土壤微生物区系的改善具有更好的作用。     

On the Taxonomy of the Members of ‘Saccharum Complex’

The difficulty and problems encountered in the study of cultivated plants, in general and sugarcane, in particular has been indicated. In order to understand these problems, a brief review on the taxonomy of Saccharum and closely related taxa, namely, Erianthus, Sclerostachya, Narenga and Miscanthus (generally known as ‘Saccharum complex’) has been given. A short account on the important morphological features that are specific to sugarcane has also been stated as classification is commonly based on such morphological characters. A note has been added on the chromosome number, origin, and distribution of the species of ‘Saccharum complex’ members. Taxonomic keys have been devised for identification of the genera of Saccharinae and for the species of Saccharum and Erianthus occurring in India. A new combination, Sclerostachya fallax (Balansa) Amalraj et Balasundaram, has also been proposed.     

Relationship of root necrosis potential of soil to asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) decline in Switzerland

Summary The possible relationship between asparagus decline and the root necrosis potential (RNP) of soil was investigated for 11 asparagus and 4 nonasparagus soils. Asparagus seedlings were grown in each soil in climate chambers. A root necrosis index was used to determine RNP. RNP was correlated with the decline observed in the field for seven white asparagus crops, but not for three white and one green asparagus crops. Low RNP values were obtained from the soils not planted to asparagus.Fusarium oxysporum andF. oxysporum var. redolens accounted for 7070 of the fungi isolated from necrotic roots in RNP tests. BothFusarium were obtained from all soils. AllF. oxysporum andF. oxysporum var. redolens isolates tested were highly virulent on asparagus seedlings in inoculation experiments.F. solani, Penicillium verrucosum var.corymbiferum, andRhizoctonia violacea were isolated less frequently but were also highly virulent. It is concluded that soil RNP indicated a risk of decline caused by fusaria, but other soil factors were likely to be involved in the aetiology of decline. The study of these factors is necessary to develop a method for the prognosis of decline associated with fusaria.     

Yield and N assimilation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Norstar) inoculated with rhizobacteria

The effects of bacterial inoculants on the growth of winter wheat were studied in a growth chamber. Azospirillum brasilense, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus polymyxa, Enterobacter cloacae, or a mixture of the four rhizobacteria were the inoculants tested. Inoculation effects on yield, yield components, and N-derived from fertilizer (Ndff) were assessed. The response of plants inoculated with individual bacteria was inconsistent and varied with treatment. At the first harvest (58 days after planting-DAP) plants inoculated with the mixture exhibited increases in plant dry weight, total-N and Ndff. At the second harvest (105 DAP), plants inoculated with A. brasilense and the mixture exhibited increases in shoot biomass, whereas at maturity (170 DAP), the inoculated plants showed no differences in total-N or shoot dry matter yield, as compared to the uninoculated controls. Inoculation with A. brasilense, however, increased the Ndff in the shoots, and B. polymyxa tended to enhance grain yield. Practical use of these rhizobacteria as inoculants for winter wheat may have limited value until such time as we better understand factors which influence rhizosphere competence of bacterial inoculants.     

Genetic Diversity within and Between Populations of Lathyrus genus (Fabaceae) Revealed by ISSR Markers

In order to evaluate the genetic diversity in Lathyrus genus, the Inter Simple Sequence Repeats method (ISSR) was exploited in five populations. These consisted of two cultivated species belonging to section Lathyrus (L. sativus L. and L. cicera L.) and a wild one belonging to the section Clymenum (L. ochrus DC.). Two 3′anchored ISSR primers and two unanchored ones, generated a total of 60 useful polymorphic DNA bands. Our data provide evidence of high molecular polymorphism at the intra- and the inter-specific levels showing that both wild and cultivated forms constitute an important pool of diversity. Moreover, among the generated DNA bands, a 500 bp band, totally absent in the banding patterns of the section Clymenum, appears to be a molecular marker of section Lathyrus. Results provided for lineage and suggest recent origin of these species that might have evolved from a common ancestor producing both L. ochrus species and the two other species L. sativus and L. cicera. These relationships support previous studies based on morphological variation and molecular analysis.     

Genetic diversity of rhizobia associated with indigenous legumes in different regions of Flanders (Belgium)

We investigated the diversity of rhizobia isolated from different indigenous legumes in Flanders (Belgium). A total of 3810 bacterial strains were analysed originating from 43 plant species. Based on rep-PCR clustering, 16S rRNA gene and recA gene sequence analysis, these isolates belonged to Bradyrhizobium, Ensifer (Sinorhizobium), Mesorhizobium and Rhizobium. Of the genera encountered, Rhizobium was the most abundant (62%) and especially the species Rhizobiumleguminosarum, followed by Ensifer (19%), Bradyrhizobium (14%) and finally Mesorhizobium (5%). For two rep-clusters only low similarity values with other genera were found for both the 16S rRNA and recA genes, suggesting that these may represent a new genus with close relationship to Rhodopseudomonas and Bradyrhizobium. Primers for the symbiotic genes nodC and nifH were optimized and a phylogenetic sequence analysis revealed the presence of different symbiovars including genistearum, glycinearum, loti, meliloti, officinalis, trifolii and viciae. Moreover, three new nodC types were assigned to strains originating from Ononis, Robinia and Wisteria, respectively. Discriminant and MANOVA analysis confirmed the correlation of symbiosis genes with certain bacterial genera and less with the host plant. Multiple symbiovars can be present within the same host plant, suggesting the promiscuity of these plants. Moreover, the ecoregion did not contribute to the separation of the bacterial endosymbionts. Our results reveal a large diversity of rhizobia associated with indigenous legumes in Flanders. Most of the legumes harboured more than one rhizobial endosymbiont in their root nodules indicating the importance of including sufficient isolates per plant in diversity studies.     

万寿菊生物熏蒸对连作苹果幼苗和土壤微生物的影响

以苹果(平邑甜茶)幼苗为试验材料,盆栽条件下以万寿菊植株风干粉末拌土熏蒸老苹果园土壤,为环境友好型熏蒸措施防控苹果连作障碍提供理论依据。试验设置老龄苹果园土壤对照(未作处理,CK)、覆膜(未拌入万寿菊,F)、万寿菊1.5 g kg~(-1)+覆膜(1.5T+F)、万寿菊6.0 g kg~(-1)+覆膜(6.0T+F)、万寿菊15.0 g kg~(-1)+覆膜(15.0T+F)。结果表明,与对照相比,万寿菊生物熏蒸处理能显著提高连作土壤中平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量,促进根系生长,提高土壤酶活性,土壤真菌减少、细菌增多。6.0 g kg~(-1)处理的效果最明显,幼苗地上部及根系干重分别为对照的8.1倍、13.1倍,根表面积及根体积分别增加了333.0%、548.4%;脲酶、磷酸酶活性分别较对照高103.6%、77.6%,蔗糖酶活性高出200.4%,过氧化氢酶活性升高64.6%;土壤细菌/真菌比值为219.9,是对照的5.6倍;真菌多样性、均匀度和丰富度指数均降低,优势度指数增加;层出镰孢菌基因拷贝数较对照降低57.9%。主成分分析(PCA)结果显示,万寿菊生物熏蒸处理对连作土壤真菌群落多样性有显著影响,能够显著减少层出镰孢菌的数量。综上,连作土壤中添加6.0 g kg~(-1)万寿菊进行生物熏蒸可提高连作平邑甜茶幼苗生物量,改善连作土壤环境,有效缓解平邑甜茶的连作障碍。     

香蕉-甘蔗轮作模式防控香蕉枯萎病的持续效果与土壤微生态机理(Ⅰ)

近年来，珠三角部分蕉农采用香蕉和甘蔗轮作防控香蕉枯萎病，并取得一定成效，我国古籍《广东新语》也有香蕉-甘蔗轮作的记载，但是关于该轮作模式的作用、效果及控病机理尚不明确。本文研究了连作香蕉地轮作不同年限甘蔗对香蕉枯萎病的控制作用，并从土壤微生态角度探讨其作用机理。试验设置4个处理：连作香蕉11年（CK）、香蕉连作地-甘蔗1年-香蕉1年（GZ1）、香蕉连作地-甘蔗2年-香蕉1年（GZ2）和香蕉连作地-甘蔗3年-香蕉1年（GZ3）。研究轮作甘蔗不同年限对后茬香蕉枯萎病发病率的影响，同时通过测定土壤可培养微生物数量，并利用高通量测序技术分析土壤微生物结构，揭示轮作甘蔗影响后茬香蕉枯萎病发生的土壤微生态机制。结果表明，连作蕉地香蕉枯萎病发病率为49.15%，而轮作甘蔗1年后茬香蕉枯萎病发病率降至17.86%，轮作2年和3年甘蔗后茬香蕉枯萎病发病率仅为1.79%。土壤可培养细菌总数随着轮作甘蔗年限的增加而显著增加，可培养放线菌总数和尖孢镰刀菌则呈逐渐减少的趋势，真菌总数无显著变化。土壤细菌多样性指数随轮作甘蔗年限的增加而降低。假单胞菌目（Pseudomonadales）、浮霉菌目（Planctomycetales）、酸微菌目（Acidimicrobiales）和土壤红杆菌目（Solirubrobacterales）的细菌丰度呈随甘蔗种植年限增加而逐年增加的趋势，并与香蕉枯萎病发病率呈显著负相关关系。酸杆菌目（Acidobacteriales）、红螺菌目（Rhodospirillales）和军团菌目（Legionellales）的细菌丰度则呈随甘蔗种植年限逐年降低趋势，并与香蕉枯萎病发病率呈显著正相关。连作香蕉地轮作甘蔗，能够显著降低后茬香蕉枯萎病的发病率，并且随着甘蔗轮作时间年限的增加，发病率逐年降低。轮作甘蔗通过改变土壤微生物群落结构而间接影响尖孢镰刀菌的生存环境，从而降低香蕉枯萎病发病率，轮作2年甘蔗，即可达到显著控病效果。此结果与《广东新语》中关于香蕉-甘蔗轮作年限的记载一致。