共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 562 毫秒
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基质栽培番茄营养液中氮、钾最佳浓度研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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减施磷肥提高设施番茄氮磷钾生理效率并减少土壤速效磷累积 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
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【目的】探究外源褪黑素对养分胁迫下苹果砧木幼苗内源褪黑素合成、氮代谢关键酶活性及氮代谢和氮转运相关基因表达的影响。【方法】水培试验材料为7~8片叶的平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)幼苗。幼苗在1/2 Hoagland营养液中生长12天,然后分为两组,一组营养液中添加褪黑素(0.1μmol/L),一组不添加作为对照。第15天时,两组幼苗的营养液浓度又分为1/2和1/20 Hoagland营养液两个养分水平,形成4个处理:1/2 Hoagland营养液(CK)、1/2 Hoagland营养液+0.1μmol/L褪黑素(MCK)、1/20 Hoagland营养液(ST)、1/20Hoagland营养液+0.1μmol/L褪黑素(MST)。第35天时(处理20天),取平邑甜茶幼苗叶片和根系样品,测定褪黑素含量、氮代谢相关酶活性、褪黑素合成关键酶和氮转运代谢相关基因的相对表达量。【结果】与CK相比,养分胁迫(ST)上调了平邑甜茶幼苗叶片中褪黑素合成相关基因MdTDC、MdT5H、MdAANAT和MdASMT的表达,显著增加了内源褪黑素含量,降低了幼苗叶片及根中的硝酸还原酶... 相似文献
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为缓解基质栽培中根际养分富集对番茄植株造成的危害,以“硬粉8号”(Yingfen 8)番茄为试材,采用岩棉盆栽的方式,在人工气候室环境条件下,使用1/2浓度营养液对基质进行每天一次(C1)和每周一次(C2)淋洗以及不淋洗(CK)处理,通过对番茄根区养分及植株生长、产量等指标的测定,评价淋洗效果。结果表明:与灌溉液相比,各处理根际养分均出现了不同程度的富集,根区电导率(EC)值提高了31.26%~69.06%。低浓度营养液淋洗可以显著降低根区和回流液的EC值和离子浓度,整个生育期C1处理的根区溶液EC值比CK降低了22.36%,其中、Ca2+、K+和Mg2+浓度分别比CK降低48.51%、27.25%、25.54%和39.58%,C1处理回流液离子浓度变化趋势与根区溶液一致。此外,C1处理可以促进番茄株高和产量的增长,单株产量较CK提高了6.26%,其中第4、5穗果单果重分别增加17.02%、14.51%,单穗果产量分别增加13.42%、33.86%;C2处理根区溶液和回流液EC值及离子浓度均显著低于CK,但高于C1处理,其根区溶液EC降低了9.64%,而C2处理的平均单果重和产量与CK无显著差异。因此,低浓度营养液每天一次的淋洗方式可以更为有效地缓解基质栽培番茄生长中后期根区养分富集,研究结果可为基质栽培根区养分管理提供理论依据。 相似文献
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锌与氮磷钾配合喷施对小麦锌累积、分配及转移的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
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硅对番茄生长及光合作用与蒸腾作用的影响 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5
为探讨番茄对硅的生理响应特性,本文采用营养液培养方法,研究了0(CK)、 0.6(T1)、 1.2(T2)、 1.8(T3)mmol/L 3个硅水平对番茄生长及水和CO2交换参数的影响。结果表明,番茄植株各器官硅含量均随营养液硅水平升高而显著增加,且以叶片差异最为显著,T1、 T2、 T3处理番茄叶片硅(SiO2)含量分别比CK高 250.90%、 403.59%、 552.69%; 番茄生长量、 叶片叶绿素含量均以T2、 T1处理较高,而T3处理则与CK无显著差异。T1、 T2处理的净光合速率(Pn)亦显著高于CK,在11: 00 Pn 达峰值时,分别比CK高15.36%和23.12%,而T3处理则比CK低5.74%;番茄叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)则随硅水平的提高而降低,13: 00时 T1、 T2、 T3处理的Tr分别比CK低7.42%、 11.47%和23.08%,硅处理番茄的瞬时水分利用效率(WUEi)均显著高于CK,11: 00时 WUEi 达峰值时,T1、 T2、 T3 处理分别比CK高 22.22%、 35.47%和17.52%。表明营养液硅(SiO2)水平以1.2 mmol/L为好。 相似文献
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营养液浓度对甜瓜幼苗生长和光合特性的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
以厚皮甜瓜皇后为试材,研究了不同营养液浓度对基质积盐和甜瓜幼苗生长、光合特性的影响。结果表明,EC2mS/cm的高浓度营养液导致幼苗根际出现盐分的积累,影响幼苗光合特性;叶片细胞超微结构出现一定程度的盐害症状,细胞质空泡化,叶绿体肿胀、球形化,超微结构发生解体,净光合速率下降;但单株叶面积、叶绿素含量与营养液浓度呈正相关。因此,甜瓜穴盘育苗,营养液浓度不应超过2.0mS/cm,以保持在1.5~2.0mS/cm之间为宜。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):2825-2840
Abstract Five tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) cultivars were grown in sand nutrient culture experiment in a greenhouse to investigate the effects of salinity on growth and yield. Nutrient solutions were made saline with 50 mM NaCl (EC = 5.5 mS/cm or supplemented with 2 mM KNO3 (EC = 6.8), 20 mM Ca(NO3)2 (EC = 7.5), and combination of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) (EC = 8.0). Seedlings were irrigated with saline treatments commencing two weeks after transplanting. Determination of sodium (Na) and K in tomato leaves and fruits were by flame photometry. Accumulation of Na in tomato fruits was higher than in leaves under control or saline conditions for all tomato cultivars. The amount of K in the tomato leaves was higher in control than in saline‐grown plants. Addition of K and Ca to the nutrient solution resulted in a 3 to 7 fold increase in K accumulation in all cultivars tested. Stem and leaf growth were significantly reduced with salinity but growth was enhanced following irrigation when K was added to the nutrient solution. Flowering and fruit set were adversely affected by NaCl stress. Reduction of flower number was 44% relative to the control plants. Fresh fruit yield decreased by 78% when plants received 50 mM NaCl. Growth and development of tomatoes under saline conditions was enhanced in this study following the application of K to the saline nutrient solution. Amelioration in growth was also achieved when Ca was used but to a lesser extent. Our results suggest that ion accumulation and regulation of K and Ca contribute to salt tolerance and growth enhancement. 相似文献
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以番茄品种“金粉五号”为试材,于2016年4?9月在南京信息工程大学利用人工气候箱进行试验,设置温度为41℃(昼温)/18℃(夜温),空气相对湿度(白天)分别设置为50%、70%和90%(正负误差控制在5个百分点),并以28℃/18℃、45%~55%为对照处理(CK),测定不同处理对植株各器官营养物质及干物质分配的影响。结果表明:(1)高温条件下,番茄幼苗各器官的可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量均显著高于正常温湿度条件下(CK),而蛋白质含量则显著低于CK(P<0.05);从不同空气湿度处理来看,增加湿度至70%以上时幼苗各器官可溶性糖含量降低,且湿度越高其含量越低,处理间差异显著(P<0.05);而游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量表现为,随着空气相对湿度的增大,番茄幼苗各器官的游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量明显上升。(2)高温条件下番茄幼苗叶片干物质分配比例增加,茎秆和根系干物质分配比例均降低,且湿度越低,其分配比例与CK差距越大,在50%湿度处理下,幼苗茎秆和根系干物质分配比例显著降低(P<0.05),对植株生长极为不利。(3)在高温胁迫解除后,70%和90%湿度处理的幼苗有更高的恢复能力,在恢复处理的第12天植株营养物质含量和干物质分配比例基本恢复至CK水平。说明41℃高温环境中增加空气湿度至70%以上有效提高了番茄植株的耐热性和胁迫解除后的恢复能力。 相似文献
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不同施肥水平对日光温室番茄生长发育的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
根据目前设施蔬菜生产中的施肥状况设计了不施肥(CK)、只施有机肥(SOF)、理论施肥(TF)、习惯施肥(CF)和超量施肥(OF) 5个施肥水平,研究不同施肥水平对日光温室番茄生长发育的影响,结果表明随着施肥水平的提高,番茄的株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶面积都逐渐增加;但对番茄比叶面积、叶面积比、平均节间距和单果重却没有明显的影响.番茄第一花序花数和生物学产量依次为不施肥<只施有机肥<理论施肥<经验施肥<超量施肥,其中理论施肥和超量施肥的经济系数较高.随着施肥量的增加,番茄果实中抗坏血酸、有机酸、游离氨基酸、硝酸盐含量增加,可溶性糖含量减小,糖酸比降低,果实的风味变差.目前温室生产中大量施用氮肥可以暂时提高番茄产量,但有悖于设施蔬菜土壤可持续利用. 相似文献
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岩棉短程栽培模式中营养液对番茄生长及果实品质的影响 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
为实现设施番茄短程栽培过程中营养液的高效供给及标准化管理,寻求短程栽培模式中最优的营养液供给方式,在兼光型植物工厂条件下,研究了营养液电导率值(electric conductivity,EC值)、灌溉频率对番茄植株形态和果实品质的影响.试验以岩棉为栽培基质,3水平EC值为2、4和6 dS/m,3水平灌溉频率为1、3和5次/d,采用全因子试验设计方法,进行9组处理.采用综合评价方法获取最佳的营养液EC值和灌溉频率,并对植株形态和果实品质指标进行数理统计分析.结果表明:营养液EC值和灌溉频率影响植株的株高、茎粗、叶数、叶面积、叶形指数和根面比,同时也影响果实的平均质量、可溶性固形物(soluble solids content)和果形指数.其中EC值对平均果实质量影响显著(P<0.05),灌溉频率对叶面积和平均果实质量影响极显著(P<0.01);试验因素的交互作用对茎粗和果形指数影响极显著(P<0.01),对SSC影响显著(P<0.05).EC值为4 dS/m,灌溉频率为5次/d的营养液灌溉方式能兼顾植株发育和果实品质良好,该灌溉方式下SSC与平均果实质量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01).该研究可为设施短程栽培番茄优质高产提供指导依据. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure of passionfruit plants (Passiflora edulis Sims. var edulis) to five different electrical conductivity (EC) levels (1.2, 2.3, 4.5, 6.8, and 9.0 mS/cm) of the nutrient solution on net gas exchange (Pn), content of chlorophyll, the biologically active substances, vitexin and orientin, total biomass production, and morphological traits using plants grown in a greenhouse. Important traits, such as plant height, number of internodes, and leaf number per plant were significantly influenced and showed a linear relation to the increased EC levels of the solution. The highest biomass production, chlorophyll concentration, net carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation and leaf area were obtained at an EC of 6.8 mS/cm. At an EC level of 9.0 mS/cm, the growth of the plants was depressed and photosynthetic rate sharply declined. The highest photosynthetic rate (8.45 μmol/m2/s) was measured at an EC of 6.8 mS/cm and a photosynthetic photon flux of 1600 μmol/m2/s. The trend of photosynthesis was closely related to those of chlorophyll content, transpiration and mesophyll conductance. There was significant regression relating the shoot yield to increasing EC of the nutrient solution. The leaf chlorophyll content increased from 0.70 mg/g (75 mg/m2) at an EC of 0 to 1.74 mg/g at an EC of 6.8 mS/cm. The leaf water potential sharply declined with the increasing EC levels. The specific leaf area was high at EC of 2.3,4.5, and 6.8 mS/cm. The mean ratio of the root to the shoots decreased as EC was increased up to 6.8 mS/cm. Orientin content was the highest (168 mg %) at an EC of 9.0 mS/cm, having a linear effect, while the lowest vitexin content (36 mg %) was achieved at an EC of 6.8 mS/cm. The results suggest a positive role of increasing nutrient solution EC for orientin accumulation than to vitexin. 相似文献
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利用植物源杀菌材料作为包衣剂研制出杀菌包膜复合肥, 在番茄小区试验中研究了其杀菌及对番茄生长的影响。结果表明: 各杀菌包膜复合肥处理(分别用ZYF1~ ZYF5 表示)均能有效延缓养分的释放, 与施普通复合肥处理(CK1)相比各杀菌包膜复合肥处理土壤硝态氮在番茄生长后期仍能保持较高含量。除ZYF4 处理外, 其余杀菌包膜复合肥处理番茄产量均明显高于CK1, 其中ZYF3 处理番茄产量最高, 达11.1 kg·m-2, 较CK1 高16.8%。各杀菌包膜复合肥处理的氮肥利用率也均大于CK1(33.3%), 其中ZYF2、ZYF3 处理分别较CK1 处理高9.9 个和9.5 个百分点。各杀菌包膜复合肥对番茄的Vc 含量无显著影响, ZYF1 处理显著降低了番茄的硝酸盐含量, 而ZYF2、ZYF4、ZYF5 处理则促进了番茄对硝酸盐的累积。各杀菌包膜复合肥处理显著降低了番茄枯萎病、灰霉病的发病率, 其中ZYF1 处理对这两种病菌均有较高的抑制作用, 使发病率较CK1 分别下降17.7 个和12.5 个百分点。 相似文献