基于知识图谱的生物炭对水循环要素过程影响研究进展

以2007 ~ 2021年CNKI及Web of Science核心合集数据库共1874篇中英文文献为支撑,采用文献计量可视化方法,针对文献发表的时间分布、机构组成、代表团队、引用期刊、研究热点及技术手段等方面综述了生物炭对土壤性质、入渗和蒸发等水循环要素过程影响的现状研究进展及未来趋势。结果表明,相关研究发文量呈高速增长趋势;研究机构集中在中国科学院、美国农业部和西北农林科技大学等;高引期刊主要包括GEODERMA、CHEMOSPHERE和SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT;研究热点集中在量化生物炭添加对土壤物理和水力学特性要素指标的影响大小,并关注上述影响对入渗和蒸发等水循环过程及其对作物生长和产量的互馈作用;技术手段主要包括实验研究和Meta分析方法两种。未来亟需集成实验数据,关注尺度转换,将不同环境条件下生物炭添加对要素过程的影响,融入水文模型水循环模拟计算模块,完善模型功能。     

Global research on soil contamination from 1999 to 2012: A bibliometric analysis

We evaluated soil contamination research based on a bibliometric analysis of 14,090 articles published in journals in the Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index bibliographic databases from 1999 to 2012, which revealed scientific outputs, subject categories and major journals, international collaboration and geographic distribution of authors and countries, keywords, and hot issues. The results suggested that research on soil contamination developed well with increasing scientific production and research collaboration. Environmental science, engineering environment, soil science, and applied microbiology were the most frequently used subject categories in soil contamination studies. Chemosphere was the most active journal in this field. The clusters of authors were more in the USA, Western European countries, China, Japan, and India. Q. X. Zhou of Nankai University was the most productive author, and S. P. Mcgrath of Rothamsted Research England published the most influential articles. The USA exceeded all other countries with the most independent and collaborative papers in research on global soil contamination. Heavy metal pollution was the hottest issue, and bioremediation is the most promising research topic in combating against heavy metal pollution of soils. The status of publication on soil contamination research described here is significant for researchers on soil contamination in their future work.     

Bibliometric analysis of research on soil health from 1999 to 2018

Purpose

Soil health has been a major focus of research by international scholars because it is an important factor that supports human survival and development. However, few scholars have performed bibliometric analyses of research on soil health. This study investigated the current research status and development characteristics of soil health.

Materials and methods

We performed a bibliometric analysis of documents on soil health from 1999 to 2018 in the Web of Science Core Collection. The bibliometric analysis tools, CiteSpace and HistCite software, were applied.

Results and discussion

A total of 1629 documents on soil health in the Web of Science Core Collection were identified. From the research status of soil health, the number of publications will continue to increase. Most of the research institutions examining soil health are located in the USA, and there is little cooperation and communication among countries, neither do research institutions in this field. Each country has its own research labs while lab cooperation within individual countries is relatively close. Most documents on the research of soil health have been published in the journal Applied Soil Ecology. In addition, research directions are expanding from the basic study of soil production, soil health indicators, and soil pollution to the comprehensive study of soil ecosystem.

Conclusions

Bibliometric analysis tools, CiteSpace and HistCite software, provide a comprehensive approach for making predictions regarding trends in the field. This method was used in this study to identify the hotspots, frontiers, and future development of soil health to provide guidance for future research.

     

污染农田土壤的重金属钝化技术研究——基于Web of Science数据库的计量分析

为全面直观了解全球农田土壤重金属污染钝化修复研究进展和发展趋势,本文基于Web of Science(简称WoS)核心合集数据库利用WoS数据库自带分析工具、HistCite引文图谱分析软件和VOSviewer可视化分析软件,从发文量或被引频次TOP10的国家、研究机构、作者、期刊、研究热点等方面对1990―2019年发表的农田土壤重金属污染钝化修复文献进行计量分析。结果表明,世界范围内农田土壤重金属钝化修复领域年度发文量呈逐渐增长的趋势,发文量前三的国家是中国、美国和西班牙,中国的发文量远超其他国家,占比28.79%;发文机构主要是中国科学院、西班牙高等科学研究委员会、中国科学院大学、佛罗里达大学和浙江大学等,其中中国科学院发文量和被引频次均为最高,在该领域具有显著的科研水平和影响力;主要期刊有Environmental Science and Pollution Research、Chemosphere、Science of the Total Environment和Journal of Hazardous Materials等;目前应用较多的钝化剂主要是污泥、生物质炭、赤泥、堆肥、磷酸盐、石灰、废弃物等,关注的重金属主要是镉、铅、铜、锌、砷等,主要侧重于重金属的生物有效性。     

基于文献计量学分析的全球生物质炭研究进展

为了深入了解国内外生物质炭的研究现状与研究热点，为相关研究领域的科研工作者与决策者提供参考，该文以Web of Science 核心数据库为数据源，采用文献计量学方法对2003-2020年间全球发表的生物质炭研究文献进行分析。全球生物质炭研究的发文量呈快速增长趋势，其中中国总发文量和总被引频次均位居世界首位。中国-美国是生物质炭研究最大的合作关系体。发文量最多的机构是中国科学院。中国有8名学者发文量进入世界前20名，上海交通大学曹心德的总发文量和总被引频次位列大陆学者榜首。发文量最大的学科方向是环境科学。中国在生物质炭研究方面发展快、成果产出多，但缺乏有国际影响力的核心成果，在研究创新性和发文质量上还有待提升。关键词分析表明，生物质炭在土壤改良和农业生产中的应用、利用生物质炭处理废水及修复污染土壤，以及生物质炭制备方法和工艺的创新是生物质炭的主要研究热点。而生物质炭制备材料与工艺的创新、各类功能型生物质炭纳米复合材料的开发，以及继续拓宽生物质炭在不同领域的高效利用可能成为今后的研究热点。     

Review of Trends in Soil Fertility Research (2007–2016) using Scopus Database

A critical analysis of publications on soil fertility was carried out using data from Scopus database for the period of 2007–2016. A total of 16,612 articles were found relating to soil fertility. An exponential increase was evident from the review of published literature and scientists involved in the soil fertility research also increased over period of time. The journals Soil Science and Plant Nutrition and Acta Ecologica Sinica were major publishers of the soil fertility research. Giller K. E. from Wageningen University, The Netherlands was a major contributor followed by Salvati L. of Centro Per Lo Studio Delle Relazioni Piñata-Suolo, Italy. China was the most productive country with 3323 articles. Cluster analysis of author-supplied keywords showed five clusters, namely, desertification, soil organic carbon, plant nutrition, nitrogen, and geostatic. This work will be useful to researchers to know the trends in soil fertility research.     

生物炭施用下中国农田土壤N2O排放的Meta分析

为明确施加生物炭对中国农田土壤N_2O排放的影响和主要控制因素,以公开发表的试验数据为研究对象,采用Meta-analysis法定量分析了施加生物炭条件下,气候、土壤性质、田间管理方式、生物炭性质与施加量对土壤N_2O排放的影响,并对各影响因素进行通径分析。结果表明,当年降雨量≥600 mm时,生物炭显著降低土壤N_2O排放量(P0.05),且随年降雨量的增加而增强;当年日照时数大于1 000 h时,生物炭对土壤N_2O的减排效果随年日照时数的增加而减弱。当土壤p H≥6.5时,生物炭对土壤N_2O的减排效果随土壤p H的增加呈先增后减趋势;在壤土中施加生物炭对N_2O的减排效果显著(P0.05),而砂土和黏土不显著(P0.05)。生物炭对覆膜土壤N_2O的减排效果优于不覆膜土壤;生物炭对土壤N_2O的减排效果随施氮肥量增加而减弱,而随生物炭比表面积的增加而增强。当生物炭C/N处于30~500时,生物炭施用下土壤N_2O排放量显著降低(P0.05);当生物炭施加量处于20~160 t×hm-2时,生物炭对土壤N_2O的减排效果随施加量增加而增强。生物炭对土壤N_2O减排的影响存在显著的区域性特征,对华南、华东、华中和东北地区影响显著(P0.05),而对西北地区不显著(P0.05);施氮肥量、生物炭施加量、年均温和年降雨量是影响生物炭减排效果的最主要因素,这些因素的相互作用共同影响生物炭对土壤N_2O的减排效果。该研究可为生物炭在我国农区的推广应用和农田N_2O减排提供参考。     

Characterization of biochar and their influence on microbial activities and potassium availability in an acid soil

Application of biochar to soil has increased considerably during recent years because of its effectiveness as a soil amendment causing beneficial effects on soil health. However, the effects have been reported to vary and depend upon types of feedstock and pyrolysis conditions during biochar production. Therefore, characterization of biochar is extremely important for its efficient utilization as a soil amendment. In the present study, biochar was prepared from agro-industrial by-products (rice husk and sugarcane bagasse) and weeds (Parthenium and Lantana) under similar pyrolysis conditions. Lantana biochar (LBC) showed the highest pH (10.4) while the lowest value (8.5) being recorded in rice husk biochar (RHBC). The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis indicated that LBC and Parthenium biochar (PBC) were superior with respect to potassium (K) content than sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBBC) and RHBC. The Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) study exhibited the existence of different functional groups in biochar. All the biochar treated soils showed significantly higher microbial activities with different degrees. Application of LBC and PBC at 4.50 g kg^?1 soil significantly increased K availability in soil. Lantana biochar and PBC amended the soil at 9 g kg^?1 significantly increased the soil pH thus makes these biochar as potential liming materials.     

The application of biochar on soil acidity and other physico‐chemical properties of soils in southern Ethiopia

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of biochar amendment on soil acidity and other physico‐chemical properties of soil in Southern Ethiopia using a field experiment of three treatments: (1) biochar made of corn cobs, (2) biochar made of chopped Lantana camara stem, and (3) biochar made of Eucalyptus globulus feedstock and a control, in which neither of the biochar was used. Each treatment had three levels of 6, 12 and 18 t ha⁻¹. The experiment was setup with RCBD in a factorial arrangement with three replications. In this regard, a total of 36 plots (each 2 × 2 m size) were applied with three replications to the depth of 0–15cm. From these 36 plots, composite soil samples were collected to the depth of 0–30 cm and analyzed for bulk density, total porosity, pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, and exchangeable acidity using standard procedures before and after biochar application. Two‐way ANOVA was also used to analyze the impact of the biochars on soil acidity and other properties. For the treatments that had significant effects, a mean separation was made using Least Significance Difference (LSD) test. The results showed the application of biochar significantly reduced, soil bulk density and exchangeable acidity when compared with a control (p < 0.05). Moreover, the total soil porosity, soil pH, total nitrogen, soil organic carbon, available phosphorus, and potassium were significantly increased in the soil. From among applied biochar treatments, Lantana camara applied at the level of 18 t ha⁻¹ had a higher impact in changing soil physico‐chemical properties. In general, the study suggests that the soil acidity can be reduced by applying biochar as it can amend other soil physico‐chemical properties.     

Effects of biochar and fertilizer management on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) feedstock and soil properties

The need for bioenergy is increasing with increase in global energy demand, and sustainable soil and fertilizer management practices for bioenergy feedstock production are gaining importance. In this greenhouse study, we evaluated the effects of biochar and fertilizer nitrogen on soil and energy crop sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. var. Giganteus). Sunflower plants were treated with three rates of biochar, control (0 Mg ha^?1), low (25 Mg ha^?1) and high (50 Mg ha^?1), and three rates of fertilizers, 0% (control), 50% (low) and 100% (high) of the recommended nitrogen dose. Plant height, quality (chlorophyll content), biomass yield, feedstock energy, ash content and tissue nutrients were measured along with soil moisture and pH. Results showed an 11% increase in mean plant height under low biochar compared to control biochar-treated plants. High nitrogen treatment produced 26% and 18% more stalk and total above-ground plant (whole plant) biomass, respectively, compared to the control nitrogen treatment. High biochar treatment resulted in higher soil moisture holding, but lower soil pH than the control biochar treatment. Plant quality, energy and ash contents were not affected by either biochar or nitrogen. The plant tissue analysis provides a complete tissue macro- and micronutrient information on sunflower cultivar Giganteus, which was not done previously.