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1.
低锌旱地施锌方式对小麦产量和锌利用的影响   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
西北地区是我国典型的旱地低锌区。本文选择黄土高原中部两个典型地点,通过田间试验,在两个施氮水平下,研究了不施锌、 土施锌、 叶喷锌和土施+叶喷锌4种方式对冬小麦产量、 锌的吸收和累积以及锌肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,不同施锌方式对小麦产量均无显著影响,但均提高了小麦子粒锌含量,提高幅度因施锌方式而异。与不施锌相比,叶喷和土施+叶喷锌肥可使小麦子粒锌含量提高40%左右,平均达到 40 mg/kg;单独土施锌肥虽使土壤有效锌提高3倍左右,但子粒锌含量无显著变化。叶喷锌肥的锌利用效率远高于土施和土施+叶喷处理,每公顷喷施1 kg锌可使小麦子粒锌含量提高6.70~13.04 mg/kg;子粒锌利用率为6.02%~9.40%, 达到土施锌肥的80倍左右;总锌利用率为19.78%~30.91%,是土施锌肥的132~221倍。施氮水平对小麦产量及锌肥利用效率均无显著影响。可见,在旱地低锌区,与土施锌相比,叶喷是更加经济有效、 环境友好的锌肥施用方式,是提高小麦锌营养品质切实可行的措施。  相似文献   

2.
锌肥对作物产量、子粒锌及土壤有效锌含量的后效   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
1992年一1998年在河南新乡缺锌褐土进行了微区定位试验,研究施锌对作物和土壤的长期效应。结果表明:施锌提高第一茬作物小麦的分蘖数、穗数、穗长和第二茬作物玉米的穗长、穗粒数和粒重,从而显著增加小麦和玉米产量。不同用量的锌对作物产量影响末及显著差异水平。施锌对作物产量的后效不明显,最多能维持两茬作物。施锌显著提高土壤有效锌含量,尽管施用锌肥,经过4茬之后,土壤有效锌含量仍维持在临界值之上,但作物产量没有多大影响。施锌显著提高前2茬小麦和前3茬玉米子粒中锌含量。  相似文献   

3.
锌离子活度对水稻幼苗锌吸收分配的影响及基因型差异   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
采用卜HEDTA螯合缓冲营养液,在4个锌水平(pZn2+即-log[Zn2+])分别为11.4、11.0、10.3和9.7下对锌营养效率不同的4个水稻基因型[IR8192、IR26、BY(碧玉早糯)、Z921(浙农921)]进行营养液培养试验,研究水稻幼苗对Zn吸收、转运和利用规律。结果表明,随着锌离子活度下降,各水稻基因型的锌累积量下降,锌从地下部向地上部的转运率提高,锌利用效率提高,且各基因型间差异显著。在锌离子活度较低时,耐低锌基因型(IR8192)锌养分利用效率和提高养分利用率的能力要远远高于锌敏感基因型IR26和子粒富锌基因型BY;在锌离子活度较高时,水稻子粒富锌基因型BY有较强的锌富集能力,具有较高的秧苗锌累积量,这可能是其子粒富锌的主要机理之一;利用苗期营养性状筛选子粒富锌水稻基因型效果可能较好。  相似文献   

4.
试验采用HEDTA螯合缓冲营养液培养法,选用子粒含锌量有明显差异的两个水稻基因型(碧玉早糯和浙农921),采用4种锌离子活度(pZn2+9.7,10.3,11.0,11.4),研究了锌离子活度对水稻产量和子粒锌积累、分配与子粒品质的影响及基因型差异。结果表明,锌离子活度通过对水稻有效穗数、每穗颖花数、结实率和千粒重的影响而显著影响水稻单株产量,其中影响最大的是单株有效穗数,其次是每穗颖花数,而对结实率的影响相对较小,但均存在明显的基因型差异。锌离子活度显著影响水稻子粒锌含量,随锌离子活度下降,水稻子粒含锌量降低,当锌离子活度低于pZn2+10.3时,两基因型水稻的含锌量均显著降低,但基因型间存在明显差异。不论在何种锌离子活度下,碧玉早糯的子粒含锌量均显著高于浙农921。从子粒锌分配看,颖壳、糙米、精米锌含量均随着锌离子活度提高而提高,当pZn2+从10.3升高到9.7时,碧玉早糯的糙米和精米锌含量开始降低,颖壳锌含量则开始超过糙米的锌含量继续升高;而浙农921糙米和精米锌含量的升高幅度较颖壳锌含量小。不同锌离子活度下,糙米和精米锌含量的比值在0.790~.90之间变化,并以pZn2+为9.7时为最小。因此,通过筛选子粒富锌水稻品种来提高稻米锌含量经济可行;通过增加环境锌离子活度,改善水稻的锌营养能显著提高水稻子粒的锌含量。  相似文献   

5.
锌与氮磷钾配合喷施对小麦锌累积、分配及转移的影响   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
【目的】 在作物上喷施锌肥与目前应用较广泛的喷施大量元素肥料 (氮、磷或钾肥) 相配合,是解决人体锌缺乏问题的重要途径。本研究初步阐明了锌与氮、磷及钾肥配合喷施对小麦籽粒锌营养品质的影响机制,为小麦籽粒有效可行富锌方法提供理论参考。 【方法】 2010—2014年连续进行了4年裂区田间试验。主处理为不同氮肥用量土施 (N 0、120和240 kg/hm2),副处理为喷蒸馏水 (CK)、喷0.3% ZnSO4 (Zn)、喷0.3% ZnSO4和1.7%尿素 (Zn + N)、喷0.3% ZnSO4和0.2% KH2PO4 (Zn + P + K)、喷0.3% ZnSO4和0.5% K2SO4 (Zn + K)。分析测定小麦开花期地上部以及成熟期各部位 (籽粒、叶片、颖壳和茎秆) 锌含量,研究锌与氮、磷或钾肥配合喷施对锌在成熟期小麦各部位的分配,以及花前和花后锌分配比例及其对籽粒锌累积的表观贡献率的影响。 【结果】 喷施Zn、Zn + N、Zn + P + K或Zn + K处理后锌含量提升幅度以叶片最大 (2.4~7.7倍),颖壳 (2.0~4.7倍) 和籽粒 (1.8~2.4倍) 次之,茎秆最小 (0.2~1.0倍),锌在叶片和颖壳分配比明显提高。与单喷Zn相比,Zn + N或Zn + K处理籽粒和叶片锌含量进一步增加,而Zn + P + K处理籽粒和叶片锌含量均有所降低。与Zn处理相比,花后营养器官锌吸收量及其向籽粒的转移量在喷Zn + N时分别增加12和14 g/hm2,在喷Zn + K时增加44和32 g/hm2,但喷Zn + P + K时分别降低37和18 g/hm2。土施氮肥亦可显著增加籽粒和各营养器官锌含量,以及锌在营养器官的累积和再转移,但增幅明显低于各喷锌处理。此外,与Zn处理相比,Zn + N、Zn + P + K或Zn + K处理未进一步影响锌在小麦各部位的分配,但锌肥的回收率在Zn + N或Zn + K处理下显著提高,在Zn + P + K处理下显著降低。 【结论】 锌肥与氮肥或钾肥配合喷施,主要通过增加营养器官对锌的吸收及向籽粒的转移量,进一步提高籽粒锌含量,而磷锌配合喷施通过降低营养器官对锌的吸收及向籽粒的转移进而降低籽粒锌含量。   相似文献   

6.
锌锰肥对玉米吸收氮磷钾及干物质积累的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
石灰性中肥力土壤,玉米施用锌、锰肥具有明显的增产效果,平均每公顷增产玉米328.5kg,增产6.4%。锌、锰可促进玉 N、P、K的吸收及茎叶、子粒干物质积累;但锌锰配合施用的子粒干物质量低于单施锌。  相似文献   

7.
以中国农业大学昌平试验站长期定位试验为基础,研究了长期施用磷肥对冬小麦根际磷锌有效性及其对作物磷锌营养的影响。结果表明,长期施用磷肥[P2O5,135.kg/(hm2.a)]导致土壤有效磷含量逐年提高;对根际和非根际土壤有效锌含量没有显著影响,但是根际土壤有效锌含量显著高于非根际土壤;长期施用磷肥冬小麦抽穗期植株锌含量显著低于不施磷处理;无论拔节期和抽穗期,植株含磷量和植株磷锌比(P/Zn)都随着施磷量的增加而显著增加。长期施用磷肥处理(P1和P2)在显著提高了冬小麦子粒含磷量的同时,显著降低了其含锌量;冬小麦子粒磷锌比(P/Zn)随着施磷量的增加也显著增加,子粒含磷量与含锌量呈极显著的负线性相关关系。  相似文献   

8.
锌是作物生长必需的微量元素之一,在作物生长发育过程中起着至关重要的作用。但众所周知,锌肥施入土壤后有效性下降,利用率较低,提高锌肥有效性一直以来广受关注。而氮是作物生长发育所必需且需求量较大的营养元素,与锌元素具有协同效应,氮锌科学配施不仅可以提高锌肥有效性,也能提高氮肥利用率,并能促进作物生长和养分吸收,提高产量,但氮锌的这种协同作用因土壤类型、作物种类等的不同而不同。所以了解氮锌配施在不同土壤类型、不同作物上的应用效果及其影响因素具有重要的生产意义。通过查阅大量文献,对氮锌肥配施在不同土壤类型、不同作物上的应用效果进行了综述,并分析了氮锌配施效果的影响因素。结果显示,氮能促进作物对锌的吸收和转运,提高作物籽粒中锌的浓度;锌可通过促进氮的代谢过程,提高作物对氮素的吸收利用。氮锌配施具有明显的协同效应:(1)促进作物生长,提高作物产量,改善作物品质;(2)增加作物对氮、锌的吸收。但这种协同效应受作物种类、土壤性质、氮锌配施比例及配施方式等因素的影响,导致氮锌配施的应用效果也不同,在生产中应根据不同土壤和作物科学配施氮锌,以实现高产高效。氮锌科学配施能够促进作物高产、优质,但目前关于氮锌配施的作用机理研究还较少,氮锌配施技术也还有待进一步优化。因此,未来应加强氮锌互作机理研究,明确不同条件下氮锌配施最优比例及方式,从而为促进锌高效利用及研发氮锌肥料新产品提供技术依据和理论指导。  相似文献   

9.
用田间试验方法研究了栽培模式、播种密度和施氮量与小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)子粒中锌、铁、锰、铜含量与携出量的关系。结果表明,施用氮肥显著地提高了子粒产量,5种栽培模式中覆膜栽培表现出较大的增产效应,而增大播种密度在本试验条件下的增产作用较小;在30种处理组合下,4种微量元素在小麦子粒中含量的分布趋势均为铁〉锰〉锌〉铜,表明这些元素的含量分布主要受作物自身遗传性状的控制,而人为的栽培措施的影响是有限的,不同处理组合对子粒中铁、锰和铜的含量均有显著性影响,而对锌含量未表现出明显影响;补灌栽培与覆膜栽培相比,前者能显著提高子粒铜含量,施用N肥条件下,子粒锌、铜含量均显著高于不施N肥;覆膜栽培下铁、锰携出量高于其它4种栽培模式,施用N肥显著提高了小麦子粒中锌、铁、锰、铜携出量。此外,不同栽培模式、播种密度和施氮量下土壤中有效态锌含量的变异幅度极小。  相似文献   

10.
锌离子活度对水稻锌积累与分配的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用HEDTA螯合剂缓冲营养液培养法,选用籽粒含锌量有明显差异的2个基因型水稻(BY和Z921),设置4种锌离子活度(pZn2+9.7、10.3、11.0、11.4),研究了锌离子活度对水稻锌积累、分配的影响以及对不同时期水稻叶片中锌的化学形态的影响。结果显示:(1)2个基因型水稻各器官的锌含量都随着锌离子活度的升高而升高,但不同基因型间,同一基因型不同器官间均存在差异,供锌正常的的条件下,锌首先向代谢活性较弱的营养器官分配;缺锌的条件下,锌首先满足籽粒的需要;(2)从籽粒锌分配看,当锌离子活度(pZn2+)小于10.3时,糙米锌含量最高,当pZn2+升高到9.7时,颖壳锌含量则超过糙米,糙米和精米锌含量的比值在0.79~0.90之间,并以pZn2+为9.7时为最小;(3)任一锌离子活度下,BY籽粒锌含量均大于Z921。表明通过筛选籽粒富锌水稻品种来提高稻米锌含量是经济可行的,且通过增加环境锌离子活度来改善水稻的锌营养能显著提高水稻籽粒的锌含量;(4)营养生长前期,水稻叶片中的锌主要以活性较低的醋酸提取态(重金属磷酸盐)存在;营养生长后期,锌主要以乙醇提取态(醇溶性蛋白、氨基酸等)存在。  相似文献   

11.
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a persistent problem in flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.). Severe Zn deficiency causes loss of grain yield, and rice grains with low Zn content contribute to human nutritional Zn deficiencies. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extraction method for use with reduced soils and to assess differences in plant availability of native and fertilizer Zn from oxidized and reduced soils. The DTPA‐extractable Zn decreased by 60% through time after flooding when the extraction was done on field‐moist soil but remained at original levels when air‐dried prior to extraction. In a pot experiment with one calcareous and one noncalcareous soil, moist‐soil DTPA‐extractable Zn and plant Zn uptake both decreased after flooding compared with the oxidized soil treatment for both soils. In the flooded treatment of the calcareous soil, both plant and soil Zn concentrations were equal to or less than critical deficiency levels even after fertilization with 50 kg Zn ha?1. We concluded that Zn availability measurements for rice at low redox potentials should be made on reduced soil rather than air‐dry soil and that applied Zn fertilizer may become unavailable to plants after flooding.  相似文献   

12.
Summary In a greenhouse study we examined the effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) inoculation, using Glomus macrocarpum and of Zn application on dry matter production and Zn uptake by greengram in two mollisols. The VAM inoculation significantly increased the dry weight of different plant parts and the Zn uptake in both soils. Inoculated plants showed a greater response to the application of Zn at 2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1 soil in a Zn deficient clay loam soil. The inoculated plants also absorbed — more water than the uninoculated plants. Mass flow and diffusion were the principal processes by which Zn reached the plant roots; mass flow was particularly important in the absence of VAM in a sandy soil fertilized with higher Zn doses (5 and 10 mg kg-1 soil). The greater supply of Zn to inoculated roots was attributed to an apparent diffusion process rather than to mass flow of Zn.  相似文献   

13.
低锌旱地土壤水分对小麦产量和锌利用的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
【目的】西北旱地土壤有机质含量低,pH和碳酸钙含量高,导致土壤有效锌含量低,加之水分缺乏,不仅制约冬小麦生长和产量,还严重影响小麦锌的吸收利用。本研究选取西北旱地典型缺锌区,在土施锌肥的基础上,设置了2年的补充灌水田间试验,进一步研究水分对土壤锌有效性、 小麦生长、 产量以及锌和相关元素吸收利用的影响。【方法】田间试验于2010~2012年在陕西永寿县进行,采用裂区设计,锌肥为主处理,在不施锌与施锌(ZnSO4·7H2O)50 kg/hm2的基础上,设置在冬小麦关键生长期补充和不补充灌水2个副处理。在成熟期采集植株样品,测定了小麦产量、 生物量,各器官部位的锌及氮、 磷、 钾、 铁的含量; 采集0—40 cm土层土壤,测定了土壤有效性锌含量。【结果】在返青期、 孕穗期补灌20~30 mm水分对小麦产量、 土壤有效锌含量无显著影响,却有提高小麦各部位锌含量、 锌肥利用率的趋势,不施锌和施锌条件下,灌水比不灌水处理小麦籽粒锌含量分别提高3.8%~16.3%、 3.8%~13.1%,灌水使锌肥利用率提高21.2%~177.8%。灌水量和灌水时期的不同也影响锌在小麦各器官部位的分配与累积,第一季施锌和不施锌条件下,灌水比不灌水处理锌收获指数分别降低5.1%和2.0%,而第二季锌收获指数分别提高2.1%和2.7%。两季灌水对小麦籽粒中铁及大量元素氮磷钾含量的影响亦各不相同。【结论】在旱地缺锌土壤上,小麦生长关键期灌水对小麦产量、 土壤有效锌含量无显著影响,却有提高小麦各部分锌含量、 锌肥利用率的趋势,说明水肥结合对旱地石灰性土壤锌和锌肥有效性的影响应引起进一步重视,这对提高旱地缺锌地区作物和人体锌营养水平具有潜在意义。  相似文献   

14.
Fertilization of grain legumes with zinc (Zn) can affect both marketable yield and Zn content of the grain, which is important in addressing human nutritional deficiencies in certain regions of the world. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the response of three different market classes of lentil to Zn fertilization using ten surface soils from Saskatchewan (Canada). The distribution of Zn among labile and stable fractions chemically separated from the soil was also determined in the ten prairie soils and related to the lentil responses observed. The three market classes of lentils (large and small green, small red) were grown without Zn (control), and with 2.5 and 5 kg Zn ha?1 added as zinc sulfate to each soil prior to planting. Zinc fertilizer application significantly influenced grain yield and was soil dependent. A significant increase in grain yield over the control was observed from application of Zn on some low organic matter, high pH Brown Chernozem soils whereas a decrease in grain yield over control was observed in other soils such as a Black Chernozem of high organic matter content and low (<7) pH. Lack of positive yield response to addition of Zn were related to measured high diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable and plant root simulator (PRS) resin membrane probe Zn, and large amounts of native Zn in exchangeable and iron/manganese (Fe/Mn) oxide bound fractions. Application of Zn fertilizer generally increased the grain concentration of Zn. For example, an increase of ~20% in Zn concentration over control was observed when 5 kg Zn ha?1 was added to a loamy textured low organic matter Brown Chernozem soil. Overall, small green lentil was more consistent in producing a positive response to Zn fertilizer application on soils with low plant available Zn compared to large green lentil and small red lentil.  相似文献   

15.
An experiment was conducted to assess the zinc (Zn) availability to wheat in alkaline soils during Rabi 2009–2010. Wheat seedlings in pots having 2 kg alkaline sandy soil per pot were treated with 5, 10 and 15 kg Zn ha?1 as soil and with 0.5 and 1.0% zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) as foliar application. Results showed that Zn increasing levels in soil helped in phosphorus uptake up to boot stage but its conversion to grain portion lacked in Zn treated plants. Potassium (K) uptake also increased up to 6.24% in boot stage with treatment of 10 kg Zn ha?1 + 1.0% ZnSO4 foliar spray. Zinc (Zn) concentration increased in plant tissues with the increasing level of Zn application but this disturbed the phosphorus (P)-Zn interaction and, thus, both of the nutrients were found in lesser quantities in grains compared to the control. Despite of the apparent sufficient Zn level in soil (1.95 mg kg?1), improvement in growth and yield parameters with Zn application indicate that the soil was Zn deplete in terms of plant available Zn. The above findings suggest that the figure Zn sufficiency in alkaline soil (1.0 mg kg?1) should be revised in accordance to the nature and type of soils. Furthermore, foliar application of Zn up to 1.0% progressively increased yield but not significantly; and it was recommended that higher concentrations might be used to confirm foliar application of Zn as a successful strategy for increasing plant zinc levels.  相似文献   

16.
锌胁迫对重金属富集植物黑麦草养分吸收和锌积累的影响   总被引:22,自引:2,他引:20  
采用土培根袋试验研究了锌胁迫对重金属富积累植物黑麦草4个品种生长,N、P、K养分及Zn吸收积累的影响。结果表明,Zn在一定范围内(0~520mg/kg)促进了黑麦草生长,RTI(根系耐性指数)≥1.0(0~520mg/kg Zn^2+)。在Zn^2+≤260mg/kg(根系)或Zn^2+≤520mg/kg(地上部)时,黑麦草吸收N、P、K并未受到抑制。植株地上部和根系最大N、P、K含量大多出现在生物量最大或次高的260,520mg/kg Zn^2+处理中。黑麦草植株Zn含量随Zn胁迫的增加而增加,以泰德植株Zn含量和对Zn的转运率最高(其植株Zn地上部最大含量为583.9mg/kg DW,加Zn处理的S/R〉1)。  相似文献   

17.
Due to potential international marketing concerns, North Dakota durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. Desf.) producers require strategies that limit cadmium (Cd) in harvested grain. These trials were conducted in order to determine the impact of type and placement of zinc (Zn) fertilizer on harvested grain seed Cd levels and to determine the best timing of foliar Zn-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Foliar Zn-EDTA applied at Feekes 10 growth stage had the lowest grain Cd of 0.97 mg kg?1 when evaluating different fertilizer sources and application timings. Application of 22.4 kg ha?1 potassium chloride with the seed at planting resulted in the highest grain Cd of 0.151 mg kg?1 and might be a concern when environmental conditions are conducive for Cd uptake from soil. Stepwise linear regression determined that soil pH and chloride explained 96% of the variability of grain Cd. Applying 1.1 kg Zn ha?1 as foliar Zn-EDTA in combination with 33 kg nitrogen ha?1 at Feekes 10.54 growth stage resulted in significantly lower grain Cd, and significantly higher grain Zn, iron, and protein content. Treatments that significantly lowered grain Cd did not decrease grain yield, test weight, or protein content. The treatments that most reduced grain Cd resulted in the most benefits from a production, marketing, and nutritional standpoint and represents an agronomic approach to biofortification of durum wheat.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) plants were grown in glasshouse earthen pot experiment. Zinc (Zn) was applied to the soil at different concentrtions. Plant leaf samples were analysed at the age of 30, 45, and 65 days after sowing. The accumulation of Zn in the plant increased with the applied Zn concentration to the soil. Also a variation in the uptake of Zn by the plant with age has been observed. The excess accumulation of Zn in the plant induced a reduction in the content of some macro‐ [calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and sodium (Na)] and micro‐elements [iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu)] in the plant leaves. Furthermore, the Ca: Zn ratio decreased with increasing Zn concentration which clearly indicates a toxic Zn effect on blackgram plants.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn), singly and in combination, on uptake and bioaccumulation of Cd and Zn in Daucus carota L. (carrot) grown under natural field conditions. Carrot plants were treated with two Cd concentrations (10 and 100 μg mL?1), two Zn concentrations (100 and 300 μg mL?1), and two combined concentrations of Cd and Zn (10 + 100 and 100 + 300 μg mL?1) 15 d after seed germination. Treatments were repeated at 10 d intervals up to 90 d of plant age. A control was also kept without a Cd or Zn treatment. Uptake, total accumulation rate (TAR), bioconcentration factor (BCF), primary transport index (PTI), secondary transport index (STI), and accumulation of Cd and Zn in root, stem, and leaf were quantified. The results show that uptake, TAR, and accumulation of Cd and Zn are concentration-dependent phenomena. Highest accumulation of Cd and Zn was found in the root, followed by the stem and then leaves. The results also showed that bioaccumulation of Cd in root, stem, and leaf was greater at the low metal-application rates of Cd and Zn in combination than at the higher rate. This study further showed that interactions of Zn and Cd are dependent on the concentrations of those metals in the soil.  相似文献   

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