种植作物条件下非饱和土壤中水盐的动态实验和数值模拟研究

A laboratory salt-water dynamics experiment using unsaturated soils in packed silt loam and clay soil columns with different soil texture profiles and groundwater levels under crops were conducted to study the changes of salt-water dynamics induced by water uptake of crops and to propose the theoretical basis for the regulation and control of salt-water dynamics as well as to predict salinity levels. The HYDRUS 1D model was applied to simulate the one-dimensional movement of water and salt transport in the soil columns. The results showed that the salts mainly accumulated in the plow layer in the soil columns under crops. Soil water and salt both moved towards the plow layer due to soil water absorption by the crop root system. The salt contents in the column with lower groundwater were mostly greater than those with high groundwater. The water contents in the soil columns increased from top to the bottom due to plant root water uptake. The changes in groundwater level had little influence on water content of the root zone in the soil columns with crop planting. Comparison between the simulated and the determined values showed that model simulation results were ideal, so it is practicable to do numerical simulation of soil salt and water transport by the HYDRUS 1D model. Furthermore, if the actual movement of salt and water in fields is to be described in detail, much work needs to be done. The most important thing is to refine the parameters and select precise boundary conditions.     

集约化管理的温室土壤养分现状研究

Nine districts covering the main greenhouse vegetable areas in Tianjin Municipality of the North China Plain were selected for the soil investigation in 2010 to survey the current soil nutrient status (soil available N, P and K), acidification and salinization due to excessive input of fertilizers in greenhouses in Tianjin. The study showed that, in particular, soil available P content increased with the age of greenhouses. In contrast, our results did not reveal higher K accumulation and lowered pH in the greenhouse soils compared with cultivation in open fields. Over-fertilization, causing high NO 3 accumulation, most likely resulted in salinity problems in the greenhouses. Ninety percent of the investigated greenhouse soils had electrical conductivity values of saturated paste extracts of 2-10 d S m-1 , which might affect the yields of vegetable crops like green bean, pepper, cabbage, carrot, eggplant, lettuce, spinach, celery, cucumber and tomato. The findings of our survey of the current fertility and salinity problems in greenhouse soils suggest that there is an urgent need to improve the farmers’ practices and strategies in fertilization management in greenhouses of China. Because education and the agricultural technical extension services may play a more important role in avoiding overuse of fertilizers, we suggest that current nutrient management practices should be improved in the near future through training of local farmers in farmers’ schools and through strengthening the agricultural extension services with practical techniques.     

中国云南省滇池盆地东南区由于土地利用方式的变化（从水田变为旱地或温室土壤）导致土壤理化性质的变化研究

Paddy fields in the southeastern basin of Dianchi Lake have rapidly changed to greenhouses since 1999. A total of 61 surface soil samples, including 43 greenhouse soils, 12 upland soils, and 6 paddy soils, were collected from a flat lowland area mainly used for agricultural production fields in the southeastern basin of Dianchi Lake. Analyses of the soil samples indicated that the greenhouse soils were characterized by a lower organic matter content, lower pH, and higher soluble nutrients than the paddy soils in the area. The lower organic matter content of the greenhouse soils was ascribed to environmental or management factors rather than the clay content of the soil. Accumulation of soluble nutrients, especially inorganic N, was due to over-application of fertilizers, which also caused soil acidification. The average amount of readily available N, P, and K accumulated in the greenhouse soils was estimated to be equal to or higher than the annual input of these nutrients as a fertilizer, indicating that a reduction in fertilizer application was possible and recommended. In contrast, a very low available Si content was observed in the paddy soils, suggesting the need for Si application for rice production.     

土层深度和季节变化对保护地西瓜连作土壤中丛枝菌根真菌群落结构的影响

The characteristics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community structure in various soil depths and growing seasons of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) grown in commercial greenhouses in Daxing of Beijing and Weifang and Laiyang of Shandong, China were investigated using both morphological identification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The sampled soils had been used for continuous greenhouse production of watermelon for 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 years. Glomus claroideum was the dominant species in the greenhouse soils planted for 5, 10, and 15 years in Laiyang, while Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum were dominant in the nearby open farmland soil. Sorenson’s similarity index of AMF community composition ranged from 0.67 to 0.84 in the soils planted for 5 years, and from 0.29 to 0.33 for 20 years among the three locations. Spore abundance, species richness, and the Shannon index were highest near the soil surface (0-10 cm) and decreased with soil depth, and higher in June and October than in August and December. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that available P and the number of years that soil had been used for greenhouse production were the main factors contributing to the variance of AMF community composition. It was concluded that the community structure of AMF was mainly influenced by soil available P and planting time of watermelon as well as by soil depth and seasonal variation in the commercial greenhouse.     

Salt-Water Dynamics in Soils: Ⅰ. Salt-Water Dynamics in Unsaturated Soils Under Stable Evaporation Condition

A long term simulation test on salt-water dynamics in unsaturated soils with different groundwater depths and soil texture profiles under stable evaporation condition was conducted.Salinity sensors and tensiometers were used to monitor salt and water variation in soils.The experiment revealed that in the process of fresh groundwater moving upwards by capillary rise in the column,the salts in subsoil were brought upwards and accumulated in the surface soil,and consequently the salinization of surface soil took place.The rate of salt accumulation is determined mainly by the volume of capillary water flow and the conditions of salts contained in the soil profile.Water flux in soils decreased obviously when groundwater depths fell below 1.5m.When there was an interbedded clay layer 30cm in thickness in the silty loam soil profile or a clay layer 100cm in thickness at the top layer,the water flux was 3-5 times less than in the soil profile of homogeneous silty loam soil.Therefore,the rate of salt accumulation was decreased and the effect of variation of groundwater depth on the water flux in soils was weakened comparatively.If there was precipitation or irrigation supplying water to the soil,the groundwater could rarely take a direct part in the process of salt accumulation in surface soil,especially,in soil profiles with an interbedded stratum or a clayey surface soil layer.     

温室集约化生产系统对土壤质量的影响

Composite top- and subsoil samples were collected from the greenhouses in the Al-Balawneh area,Jordan,where intensive greenhouse production system（IGPS） has been practiced since 1998,to study the impact of IGPS on soil quality as measured by the chemical and biological properties to develop a sustainable production system.The study showed that IGPS led to higher electrical conductivity in top- and subsoils compared to an uncultivated soil（control）.Quality and amount of irrigation water,lack of efficient drainage,and quantity and types of applied fertilizers were major factors resulting in salt buildup.IGPS resulted in lower total N（TN） and NO₃-N in the soil compared to the control.The lower TN was due to crop uptake,microbial immobilization,volatilization,and irregular application of composted animal manure or poultry manure.In contrast,higher residual Olsen-P content was detected in both soil layers of greenhouses than in the control.Residual P was classified as very high in the topsoil layers and sufficient to high in the subsoil layers.Residual available K in the soils of greenhouses was relatively lower than that in the control and it was,however,classified as high to very high.A large increase of Cl and a considerable decrease in the bacterial count were observed in both soil layers of IGPS compared to the control treatment.Economically sustainable soil management practices need to be adopted by farmers to achieve a sustainable and profitable production.This can be accomplished through education,targeted towards the farming community in the central Jordan Valley.     

土壤锌、铁、铜、锰形态的分布及其与植物有效性的关系

The distribution of various fractions of Zn,Fe,Cu and Mn in 15 types of soils in China and its relationship with plant availability were studied.Fractions of various elements were found to have some similar characterstic distribution regularities in various types of soils,but various soil types differed to varying degrees in the distribution of each fraction.Soil physico-chemical properties,such as pH,CEC and the contents of OM,CaCO3,free Fe,free Mn and P2O5,were significantly correlated with the distribution of elemental fractions,and a significant correlation also existed between the distribution and plant availability of elemental fractions.Various fractions of each element were divided into two groups based on their plant availability.The correlation between the distribution of combination fractions and plat availability indicated a significantly or an extremely significantly positive correlation for Group I but a significantly or an extremely significantly negative correlation for Group II.Therefore,the fractions in Goup I were primary pools of available nutrients,while those in Group II could hardly provide available nutrients for plants.Decreasing the transformation of corresponding elements into fractions of Group II and increasing the storage capacity of various fractions of Group I were an important direction for regulation and controlling of soil nutrients.However,some Particular soils with too high contents of Zn,Fe,Cu and Mn should be regulated and controlled adversely.     

中国蔬菜农业邻苯二甲酸酯污染与人体健康累积风险评估

Phthalate esters(PAEs), which can disturb human endocrine system, have been widely detected in vegetable greenhouse agriculture in China. To investigate the effects of environmental factors on PAEs in soils, pollution sources were identified, and the cumulative risks of PAEs to humans through vegetables in the diet were evaluated in this study. Ninety-eight vegetable samples were collected from 10 markets along with 128 vegetable and 111 soil samples from agricultural greenhouses and open field. All soil and vegetable samples were contaminated with PAEs, and the total concentrations of the 5 PAEs, including dimethyl phthalate(DMP), diethyl phthalate(DEP), di-iso-butyl phthalate(DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate(DnBP), and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate(DEHP), were in the ranges of 0.26–2.53 mg kg~(-1) for soils and 0.95–8.09 mg kg~(-1) for vegetables. Three components extracted from principle component analysis could explain 51.2%, 19.8%, and 15.3% of the total variance of the 5 PAEs in soils, which may represent three major sources of PAEs, i.e., wastewater irrigation, application of fertilizers and pesticides, and plastic film. Long-term greenhouse cultivation could accumulate DEHP in soils, and a higher soil Fe Ox content reduced the Dn BP concentration. Based on a survey of vegetables in the diet, the hazard index of PAEs was 0.15 for individuals in different cities. The exposure of PAEs through vegetable intake was higher than the total exposure from other food stuffs, inhalation, and dermal absorption. More attention should be given to controlling PAEs in greenhouse vegetables.     

畜禽废弃物、施用畜禽废弃物牧场以及草芽中氨基化合物的研究

Amino compounds(ACs),i.e.,amino acids and amino sugars,are the major forms of organic nitrogen(N)in animal manure and soil.To increase our understanding on the effect of long-term poultry litter(PL)application on soil AC pools and turnover,in this study,we determined the contents of 21 ACs in 23 PL samples,15 soil samples collected from 0–20,20–40,and 40–60 cm layers of five pasture plots with 0,5,10,15 and 20 years of PL applications,and 5 grass shoot samples grown on these pasture fields.The contents of 21 ACs were simultaneously determined by methanesulfonic acid hydrolysis/extraction and anion chromatography-pulsed amperometry.PL application increased soil total and individual AC contents with a distribution pattern similar to that of AC in PL.The highest AC-N concentrations were observed in the soils with 10-or 15-year PL applications,inconsistent with the order of annual application rates or cumulative applied PL amounts.Application of PL increased the AC contents in grass shoots whereby the highest increase of most ACs was with the shoots from the fields that received PL for 5 years.These observations suggested that both freshly applied and residual PL had contributions to the soil AC-N,and that PL application also accelerated AC-N transformation in soil.     

同位素动力学方法评价中国亚热带地区主要酸性土壤磷状况及生物有效性的适用性

A ^32P isotope kinetic approach was used to describe the chemical status and bioavailability of phosphorus in 32 acidic soils from subtropical China.By determining the residual radoactivity,rt,in soil solution at different time,t,after introduction of the isotope in an amount of R into the steady soil-water system,a well-defined isotope kinetic model was established,and upon this model the decrease rate ,n,of log(rt/R) with respect to logt,the mean sojourn time of phosphate ions in solution,the mean exchange rate and the mean flux of phosphate ions between soil solid and solution phases were calculated.Other parameters,such as the exchangeable P within the first minute of isotope exchange(E1),and P in various compartments that could be exchanged with solution phosphte ions at different perods of time,were also obtained.For these acidic soils,the r1/R had a significant correlation with the contents of clay and free Al2O3 where r1 is the radioactivity in solution 1 minute after introduction of the isotope into the system.Parameter n also had a significant correlation with clay content and a neagtive correlation with soil pH,E1 values and Cp,the P concentration in soil solution,also Significantly correlated with clay and sesquioxide contents of the soils.these indicated that these isotope kinetic parameters were largely influenced by P-fixing components of the soils.For the soils with strong P-fixing ability,the E1 values overestimated labile P pools and hence their correlations with A values and plant P uptake were not significant .The other iostope kinetic parameters also had no significant correlation with plant P uptak.On the other hand,the convetional chemical-extracted p correlated better with plant P uptake .It was concluded that the iostope kinetic method could assess the p chemical status yet it would inappropriate in predicting plant available P for soils with a high P-fixing ability as the problem of an overestimation of soil lable P in these soils was inevitable.     

日光温室栽培对土壤养分累积及交换性养分含量和比例的影响

研究了日光温室栽培下陕西关中地区不同土壤养分累积及交换性养分含量及比例的变化,结果表明：日光温室栽培下土壤有机质、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾等养分显著累积,土壤阳离子交换量明显增加,而土壤pH却出现下降趋势。日光温室土壤交换性K^＋含量显著增加;日光温室和大田土壤交换性Ca^2＋含量相比无明显差异,而日光温室土壤交换性Mg^2＋的含量及其离子饱和度有所提高。日光温室土壤钙饱和度、Ca/K和M g/K均明显低于大田土壤。认为日光温室栽培下大量施用钾肥,是土壤钙离子饱和度及Ca/K和M g/K比例降低的主要原因,建议在评价日光温室土壤养分有效性时,应综合考虑交换性养分的含量、饱和度及离子间的比例关系。     

宁夏不同地区温室土壤养分的变化特点

根据宁夏温室的分布状况,按照不同地区分别采集了温室和露地土壤,分析了土壤N、P、K养分含量的变化特点。结果表明,温室土壤的N、P、K养分含量明显高于露地,表现为相对累积,其顺序依次是NO3--N>速效P>速效K>碱解N>全P>全N。从不同地区来看,土壤N、K含量总体上是灌区高于山区,而土壤全P和速效P含量在两地区间差异不显著,但各养分含量的变异系数都是山区大于灌区。从不同县级地域来看,温室土壤养分含量在平罗县、兴庆区、西夏区、青铜峡市、中卫县、原州区、盐池县之间存在显著或不显著差异,其中盐池县的各养分含量最低,均显著低于其他各市县。     

我国主要菜区耕层土壤盐分总量及离子组成

【目的】评价全国主要菜区温室、 大棚和露地菜田土壤盐分及离子组成状况,为土壤次生盐渍化防治、 蔬菜合理施肥和土壤可持续利用提供一定的理论依据。【方法】在我国北方3个区域(东北、 华北、 西北地区)和南方4个区域(华中、 西南、 华东、 华南地区)主要蔬菜种植区不同栽培方式典型菜田耕层土壤展开调查,共采集501个土壤样品,分析了盐分总量及其离子组成。【结果】 1)全国主要菜区设施(温室和大棚)菜田土壤盐分总量及其各离子含量(NO-3、 SO2-4、 Cl-、 Na+、 K+、 Ca2+、 Mg2+)均显著高于露地菜田土壤,盐分总量平均高69.3%,离子组成增加幅度在36.2%~170.0%之间。2)设施菜田土壤次生盐渍化的土样数比例显著高于露地菜田土壤,但设施菜田土壤盐化程度总体上较轻,居于轻度盐化水平的比例占38.2%,处于中度盐化以上水平的比例仅占4.7%。 3)设施菜田土壤盐分总量及主要盐分离子(NO-3、 SO2-4和Ca2+)含量积累总体上随种植年限的延长呈先增后降并趋于平缓的变化趋势,在连续种植5~6年时达到高峰期,之后因采取的各种管理措施而有所降低,但仍显著高于露地菜田土壤。 4)设施菜田土壤盐分离子组成以NO-3和SO2-4为主,其次是Ca2+,分别占盐分总量的27.9%、 26.9%和15.3%。露地菜田土壤主要盐分离子组成总体上是SO2- 4 NO- 3 Ca2+、 HCO-3,分别平均占盐分总量的29.0%、 21.1%、 16.1%和14.1%,但西北地区露地菜田土壤盐分离子组成以HCO-3为主,其次是SO2-4、 NO-3和Ca2+。【结论】设施菜田土壤次生盐渍化的土样数比例虽然显著高于露地菜田土壤,但土壤盐化程度总体上较轻,盐分离子主要是NO-3、 SO2- 4和Ca2+,NO-3、 SO2-4含量大于Ca2+含量; 露地菜田主要盐分离子是SO2-4、 NO- 3、 Ca2+和HCO-3,含量为SO2- 4 NO- 3 Ca2+、 HCO-3。     

西南喀斯特地区典型石漠化阶段土壤氮素变异研究

我国西南喀斯特地区的石漠化问题已经严重制约了当地社会经济发展,揭示土壤养分变化规律对该区域生态系统适应性修复具有重要意义。以贵州省荔波县和普定县为研究区,通过野外采样和实验室分析,对西南喀斯特地区典型石漠化阶段土壤的铵态氮、硝态氮变异状况进行了研究。结果表明：（1）非石漠化的黑色石灰土中铵态氮、硝态氮的含量分别高达11．61和38．01mg·kg^-1.随着石漠化程度的加深,土壤中氮素含量逐渐减少。统计表明非石漠化土壤与轻度石漠化土壤铵态氮含量呈显著差异,硝态氮含量呈极显著差异。（2）土壤铵态氮含量表现为表土层高于心土层,而硝态氮在剖面中分布规律不一致。（3）土壤氮素含量随时间有明显变化。铵态氮和硝态氮含量均在7月达到峰值,然后呈现出下降趋势,至11月或翌年1月又逐渐增加。（4）土壤有机质与铵态氮和硝态氮含量呈一元二次线性相关,相关系数分别为0．7671和0．9493,均达到极显著水平;铵态氮和硝态氮含量也呈极显著的线性相关,相关系数为0．7743。喀斯特地区通过封山育林等措施增加有机质积累可提高土壤氮素含量,对防治石漠化具有重要意义。     

辽宁设施栽培土壤盐分累积变化规律研究

对辽宁省主要设施栽培地区土壤盐分累积变化规律的凋查研究结果表明：（1）设施栽培土壤盐分含量和电导率较露地土壤有明显增加，且变化幅度较大，是露地的2.0～6.0倍。沈阳、北宁两地设施土壤的盐分含量分别为1347.48mg／kg（CV=59.3％），1274.25mg／kg（CV＝40.5％）。（2）设施土壤连续种植到4年左右为盐分累积的高峰期，此时土壤的平均含盐量为1861.28mg／kg，EC值为0.53mS／cm，已超过所种作物的生育障碍临界点（EC〉0.5mS／cm）。此后，盐分含量因设施使用率的降低及采取的相关措施而有一定程度的降低。（3）设施土壤各盐分离子的含量均较露地土壤大大增加，盐分的累积以NO3^-、SO4^2-和Ca^2＋的相对富集为主要特征。（4）盐分在设施土壤中的运移同时存在着向下迁移和向表层聚集两种方式，且以表聚为主。各盐分离子的含量随土层深度的增加而降低，NO3^-、CI^-、Ca^2＋、Na^＋的累积迁移量较大，在0～100cm各土层内的含量都高于对应露地层次，其中，硝酸盐的大量累积和向下迁移势必对环境造成不利影响。     

Excessive Nitrogen Inputs in Intensive Greenhouse Cultivation May Influence Soil Microbial Biomass and Community Composition

Intensive greenhouse vegetable‐production systems commonly utilize excessive fertilizer inputs that are inconsistent with sustainable production and may affect soil quality. Soil samples were collected from 15 commercial greenhouses used for tomato production and from neighboring fields used for wheat cropping to determine the effects of intensive vegetable cultivation on soil microbial biomass and community structure. Soil total nitrogen (N) and organic‐matter contents were greater in the intensive greenhouse tomato soils than the open‐field wheat soils. Soil microbial carbon (C) contents were greater in the greenhouse soils, and soil microbial biomass N showed a similar trend but with high variation. The two cropping systems were not significantly different. Soil microbial biomass C was significantly correlated with both soil total N and soil organic matter, but the relationships among soil microbial biomass N, soil total N, and organic‐matter content were not significant. The Biolog substrate utilization potential of the soil microbial communities showed that greenhouse soils were significantly higher (by 14%) than wheat soils. Principal component (PC) analysis of soil microbial communities showed that the wheat sites were significantly correlated with PC1, whereas the greenhouse soils were variable. The results indicate that changes in soil microbiological properties may be useful indicators for the evaluation of soil degradation in intensive agricultural systems.     

ASI法速测土壤指标与植物N吸收的相关性研究

本研究选用ASI法对山西褐土41个、河南潮土73个、辽宁棕壤43个、黑龙江黑土69个土样进行了土壤硝态N(ASI-NO3--N)、铵态N(ASI-NH4+-N)、碱溶有机质(ASI-OM)的测定,同时用常规方法测定了碱解N和有机质。并对测定值进行了相关性分析。同时选取土壤进行盆栽试验以验证ASI法测定值与植物吸N量的相关性。结果表明:四类土壤ASI-NO3--N与碱解N测定结果达到了极显著相关(褐土r=0.89**,潮土r=0.79**,棕壤r=0.90**,r=0.47**),四类土壤ASI-OM与常规方法有机质测定结果均达到了极显著正相关(褐土r=0.92**,潮土r=0.88**,棕壤r=0.93**,黑土r=0.96**),ASI-NH4+-N与碱解N测定结果也均达到了极显著正相关(褐土r=0.76**,潮土r=0.64**,棕壤r=0.97**,黑土r=0.61**)。褐土、棕壤土壤ASI-NO3--N含量与植物吸N量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),潮土、黑土土壤ASI-NO3--N含量与植物吸N量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。褐土、棕壤土壤ASI-NH4+-N含量与植物吸N量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),潮土、黑土土壤ASI-NH4+-N含量与植物吸N量相关性不显著(P>0.05)。除褐土土壤ASI-OM含量与植物吸N量呈显著正相关外(P<0.05),潮土、棕壤、黑土土壤ASI-OM含量与植物吸N量相关性不显著(P>0.05)。     

白银市日光温室土壤养分累积特征及重金属污染现状评价

以甘肃省白银市的日光温室土壤为研究对象,调查分析了土壤剖面养分累积状况和土壤电导率、pH值的变化;对土壤重金属Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni含量进行了测定,采用单项质量指数与综合质量指数相结合的方法对土壤重金属的环境质量状况进行了评价。结果表明,日光温室土壤有机质、硝态氮、速效磷和速效钾含量显著高于农田土壤,其中速效磷在0-40 cm土层和速效钾在0-60 cm土层累积尤为明显。温室栽培条件下土壤电导率高于农田土壤,雒家滩温室土壤表层EC值为0.94 mS·cm-1,超过蔬菜的生育障碍临界点（EC〉0.50 mS·cm-1）。大部分温室土壤Cd含量超过国家土壤环境质量三级标准,其中雒家滩温室土壤Pb、Zn、Cd、As含量超过温室蔬菜地土壤环境质量评价标准（HJ 333—2006）限量值。根据各重金属的单项与综合质量指数,靖远日光温室土壤环境质量为2级,属于尚清洁水平,而雒家滩和重坪日光温室土壤环境质量为3级,属于超标水平,不适宜发展无公害蔬菜。     

设施菜地土壤养分演变规律及对地下水威胁的研究

1994～1997年山东寿光设施蔬菜年平均施肥量达到N 1351.2kg hm-2、P2O5 1701.2kg hm-2和K2O 539.6kg hm-2;2004年与1997年相比,氮肥和磷肥的用量减少,钾肥的用量增加,有机养分的比例增加。日光温室蔬菜氮肥、磷肥、钾肥的表观利用率分别为21.33%、2.82%、61.34%。蔬菜土壤有机质含量高于露地土壤。寿光日光温室土壤中碱解氮含量平均205.4mg kg-1;速效磷的含量平均为225.2mg kg-1,具有明显的积累效应,与设施种植时间之间存在极显著的相关性(r=0.550**,n=35);土壤速效钾含量最高为369.7mg kg-1,也具有明显的积累效应,与设施使用时间具有极显著的相关性(r=0.502**,n=35)。设施表层土壤中水溶性钙的含量平均为336.0mg kg-1,土壤水溶性镁的含量平均为70.6mg kg-1。日光温室土壤中微量元素除硼外,含量均高于露地土壤。地下水硝酸盐污染严重,而且上升迅速。     

土壤盐－水动力学：Ⅳ.水分蒸发与渗漏时土壤剖面离子组成的变化

Through a simulation test carried out with soil columns(61.8 cm in diameter),the changes of ionic compositon in soil profile during the processes of water evaporation and infiltration were studied.Under evaporation conditions,ions moving upward with fresh groundwater were mainly Cl^-1,SO4^2-,Ca^2 ,and Na^ .When the mineralized groundwater took part in the salt accumulation.the ionic composition in soils was close to that in ground water supplemented.Under rainfall infiltration conditions,the salt-leaching role occurred mainly in the top soil.With the decrease of total salt content,NO3^-and Cl^- reduced rapidly,SO4^2- decreased slowly,but HCO3^- had a little change only.Among cations,Na^ and Ca^2 contents lowered at the same speed,and mg^2 decreased slowly.