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1.
高铝低磷胁迫对胡枝子生长及矿质元素吸收的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
董晓英  沈仁芳 《土壤》2009,41(4):562-565
限制酸性土壤作物生长的最重要、最普遍的因子是Al3+ 的毒害和 P 的缺乏.本文用溶液培养试验研究两种不同生态型的二色胡枝子在高Al低P胁迫下的矿质营养元素积累情况.试验表明,江西胡枝子比河北胡枝子更耐低 P 低 pH 的生长环境,但两者间耐Al性无显著差异;100 μm/L Al 处理显著地抑制了两种胡枝子对 Ca 的吸收,降低了根系 Mg 的积累量,对植株的 K、P、Fe、Zn、Cu 含量没有显著影响;低 P 处理没有显著降低两种胡枝子对 Ca、K、Fe、Zn、Cu 和江西胡枝子对 Mg 的吸收,但是低 P 处理显著降低了河北胡枝子对 Mg 的吸收和转运.二色胡枝子植株吸收的 Al 主要积累在根部,地上部分Al含量仅是根系的1% 左右.  相似文献   

2.
施用外源物对尾矿土壤种植胡枝子修复效应初探   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
采用土培试验在两种尾矿土壤(废弃地和尾矿渣土)上种植耐性不同的两个胡枝子品种,通过添加客土、锯末,调控有机肥或无机肥等外源物,分析不同处理条件下胡枝子生物量、植株和土体内重金属含量,以明确外源物对尾矿土壤的修复效应。结果表明,二色胡枝子生物量整体上显著高于截叶胡枝子生物量;在所有处理中,废弃地上同时添加客土和有机无机肥的处理是二色胡枝子生物量最高的处理。外源肥料添加提高了两个品种地上部和根部的生物量,客土添加可能对改善立地生存的理化条件有较大帮助作用,更能体现出肥料的效果。两种土壤上添加客土或肥料,均较为显著地减少了截叶胡枝子根部和地上部重金属的吸收,而二色胡枝子效果不明显。两种土壤上添加外源物、种植不同品种胡枝子可以降低部分处理土壤中重金属含量,但通过植物种植直接摄取土壤中重金属的量是相对较少的。总之,客土添加、肥料施入均较为明显地改善了废弃地和尾矿渣土两类土壤的立地条件,增加了两种胡枝子的生物量,一定程度上限制了植物对重金属的吸收,土壤改良的基础上优先选择耐性品种是提高植物修复效果的上佳方案。  相似文献   

3.
选用两个耐铝性差异较大的水稻品种武运粳7号(耐铝品种)和扬稻6号(铝敏感品种)作为实验材料,利用水培铝-磷交替处理试验研究了磷对水稻铝胁迫下苗期生长的影响及水稻耐铝性与磷效率之间的关系。结果表明,从水稻铝-磷交替处理下的生物量和根系形态等指标来看,P缓解了Al对两个水稻品种的毒害作用,且对敏感品种扬稻6号的缓解作用更加明显。铝-磷交替处理下,武运粳7号的体内磷含量显著高于扬稻6号的,而根部铝含量显著低于扬稻6号,因此武运粳7号体内的P/Al显著高于扬稻6号;同时,虽然两个品种间根表及根自由空间中Al浓度没有差别,而武运粳7号根表及根自由空间中P浓度显著高于扬稻6号,表现出耐铝品种更强的质外体解铝毒能力,这可能与武运粳7号较强的磷吸收效率有关。此外,与耐铝品种武运粳7号相比,铝敏感品种扬稻6号虽然磷吸收效率低,但利用效率高,即两个水稻品种的耐铝性与水稻的磷吸收效率和利用效率不一致,这为酸性土壤水稻育种提供了理论基础,即选育适应酸性土壤的水稻基因型不仅要关注其耐铝性还要关注其磷利用效率。  相似文献   

4.
磷对铝胁迫下荞麦元素吸收与运输的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以不同耐铝基因型江西养麦(耐性)和内蒙荞麦(敏感)为材料,采用土培法研究磷对铝胁迫下荞麦生长和Al,P等元素吸收、运输的影响.结果表明,铝胁迫下0.2 g/kg的磷能有效缓解铝毒对荞麦根长的抑制.培养30d后,0.4 g/kg磷处理能显著降低铝在荞麦根系和地上部的积累.铝胁迫下加磷可影响养麦体内Ca,Mg,Mn,Zn,Fe的吸收,0.4 g/kg铝配施0.4 g/kg磷处理对荞麦根系Ca,Mg吸收最有利,内蒙荞麦根系Mg的含量比不加磷组提高了76.8%,但显著阻碍了铝胁迫下荞麦体内Ca,Fe的向上运输.铝胁迫下配施磷促进荞麦根系对Zn,Fe吸收,有利于Zn向地上部转运.施磷能有效缓解铝毒对荞麦生长的抑制,降低根系和地上部铝含量,有利于Ca,Mg,Mn,Zn,Fe的吸收和Mg,Zn的运输.  相似文献   

5.
不同耐铝性玉米自交系的营养特性   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用溶液培养方法,研究了三类不同耐铝性玉米自交系的营养特性。耐铝自交系根系对Ca2+、Mg2+的平均吸收速率与对照相同或略有提高,而多数敏感自交系显著下降。铝处理后,各自交系对磷的吸收能力均呈下降趋势,铝敏感自交系降幅相对较大。各自交系对钾的吸收表现不一,与自交系耐铝性无明显关系。根系和地上部铝含量随铝处理浓度增加而增加,且敏感自交系根系铝含量增幅较大。植株吸收的铝主要集中在根系部位,自交系地上部相对铝含量与耐铝性无相关关系。铝处理可使多数自交系根系钙、镁含量降低,但耐铝自交系与对照无显著差异。铝处理后,地上部钙含量均高于根系;铝处理可显著降低耐铝自交系根系镁含量,但地上部相对镁含量高于敏感自交系。铝处理下,多数自交系根系钾含量有所降低,但与耐铝性无相关性。铝处理可使多数自交系根系和地上部铁、锰、铜、锌含量降低,不同耐铝性自交系类型间具有差异。  相似文献   

6.
采用盆栽试验的方法,对比研究了来源于大宝山矿区和惠州博罗非矿区的两个五节芒种群在不同Cd含量土壤中的生长反应、Cd富集能力及对土壤Cd形态的影响。结果表明,来源不同的两个五节芒(Miscanthus floridulus)种群植株对土壤中不同浓度的Cd的生长反应不同,低浓度Cd处理,非矿区种群的地上部生物量即受到显著影响,而矿区种群受到的影响不显著。Cd处理浓度提高时,非矿区种群的地上部生物量为对照的30.17%~42.07%,矿区种群地上部生物量为对照的57.80%~67.04%。非矿区种群根部生物量随处理浓度的增加而降低,为对照的57.75%-64.08%,而矿区种群显著升高,为对照的117.43%~135.56%。五节芒矿区种群地上部和根部的Cd含量随着土壤Cd处理浓度的升高而迅速升高,其升高速度明显快于非矿区种群。五节芒矿区种群根部积累的Cd总量远大于非矿区种群,且随着土壤中Cd添加量的增加而显著增加(P〈0.05)。随着Cd胁迫程度的加重,五节芒两种群转移系数和耐性指数都有不同程度的下降,矿区种群的转移系数和耐性指数明显高于非矿区种群。Pearson相关性分析发现,五节芒根部生物量与地上部生物量极显著正相关,地上部生物量与根部和地上部Cd含量均呈极显著负相关关系,地上部Cd含量与根部Cd含量及转移系数(Translocation Factor,TF)均呈极显著正相关关系,耐性指数(Tolerant Index,TI)与根部和地上部Cd含量均呈极显著负相关关系,反映了根部和地上部Cd的累积对植物产生了毒性,并对五节芒的生长产生了抑制作用。矿区种群表现出对Cd更强的耐性以及富集作用。  相似文献   

7.
以苗期表现为耐铝性具有明显差异的 10份大麦基因型为材料 (耐铝和铝敏感基因型各 5个 ) ,研究铝胁迫条件下生育后期植株生物量、铝和养分元素含量的差异。结果表明 ,铝胁迫抑制植株干物质积累 ,但抑制程度因基因型而异 ,上 70 119等铝敏感基因型受影响较大 ,且两类基因型之间的差异成熟期明显大于乳熟期。铝胁迫显著降低敏感基因型的子粒产量 ,但对耐性基因型的影响较小。铝胁迫增加所有基因型根系和地上部的Al含量 ,但增加幅度基因型之间存在着明显差异 ,耐铝基因型增加较少 ,而铝敏感基因型表现显著增加。酸性土壤上 ,根系和地上部N、P、K、Ca、Mg和Zn等养分含量 ,铝敏感基因型显著减少 ,耐铝基因型受影响较小。  相似文献   

8.
大豆种质耐低磷与耐铝毒部分指标及其相互关系的研究   总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10  
通过溶液培养试验 ,对来源于华南酸性土壤的 5个大豆品种的地上部及根部耐低磷及耐酸铝部分指标进行了系统的研究。研究结果表明 ,大豆在磷效率和耐铝毒特性方面存在着一定的差异 ,大豆品种 6 2号、乐昌及广州大粒具有较高的磷效率和耐铝毒特性。在低磷及铝毒胁迫下它们具有较高的生物量、磷含量、叶面积、叶绿素含量、总酸分泌量以及主根长。低磷和铝毒胁迫严重影响地上部磷的吸收 ,高磷能缓解铝毒。铝浓度不同处理大豆的地上部无显著差异 ;但在铝毒胁迫下 ,根部的铝浓度比地上部高 5~ 6倍 ,且品种间存在显著差异。本研究初步确定了大豆耐低磷与耐铝毒的相关关系  相似文献   

9.
通过苗床培养试验,研究了在低有效磷营养土上施用接种解磷青霉菌的壮秧剂对水稻秧苗的生长特性及磷素吸收的影响。结果表明,在低磷条件下,施用接种解磷菌的壮秧剂可以显著提高水稻秧苗的株高、地上部干、鲜生物量、根系活力、地上部磷含量和磷吸收量,在5个处理中,P2处理水稻秧苗的株高比对照提高16.81%,地上部鲜生物量比对照增加21.28%,地上部干生物量比对照增加12.42%,地上部磷含量比对照提高31.11%,地上部磷素吸收量比对照提高44.03%,表现效果较好,其次是P1和P4处理,其中P1处理的根部干、鲜生物量、根部的磷素含量和磷素吸收量均高于其他处理。在有效磷较低的土壤上,施用接种解磷菌的壮秧剂,可以促进作物苗期生长,分解土壤中难溶性磷,提高土壤磷素的利用效率。  相似文献   

10.
试验采用营养液培养、同位素示踪方法,研究了HCO3-同化物在缺Zn敏感(IR26)和耐性水稻品种(IR8192-31-2)体内运输和分配的差异。研究结果表明,HCO3-同化物从敏感品种根部向地上部运输较少,在根部积累较多,而耐性品种HCO3-同化物向地上部运输较多,速率较快,而在根部积累较少;施Zn促进敏感品种HCO3-同化物从根部向地上部的运输。敏感品种离体根吸收的HCO3-高于耐性品种,并且HCO3-同化物从根尖向伸长区迁移的速率高于耐性品种。以上结果表明HCO3-同化物运输和分配差异是不同水稻品种对缺锌敏感差异的重要机制之一。  相似文献   

11.
铝和镉胁迫对两个大麦品种矿质营养和根系分泌物的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the effect of aluminum (Al) and cadmium (Cd) on Al and mineral nutrient contents in plants and Al-induced organic acid exudation in two barley varieties with different Al tolerance. Al- sensitive cv. Shang 70-119 had significantly higher Al content and accumulation in plants than Al-tolerant cv. Gebeina, especially in roots, when subjected to low pH (4.0) and Al treatments (100 μmol L^-1 Al and 100 μmol L^-1 Al +1.0 μmol L^-1 Cd). Cd addition increased Al content in plants exposed to Al stress. Both low pH and Al treatments caused marked reduction in Ca and Mg contents in all plant parts, P and K contents in the shoots and leaves, Fe, Zn and Mo contents in the leaves, Zn and B contents in the shoots, and Mn contents both in the roots and leaves. Moreover, changes in nutrient concentrations were greater in the plants exposed to both Al and Cd than in those exposed only to Al treatment. A dramatic enhancement of malate, citrate, and succinate was found in the plants exposed to 100 μmol L^-1 Al relative to the control, and the Al-tolerant cultivar had a considerable higher exudation of these organic acids than the Al-sensitive one, indicating that Al-induced enhancement of these organic acids is very likely to be associated with Al tolerance.  相似文献   

12.
Aluminum (Al) and chromium (Cr) stresses often occur simultaneously in agricultural soils, and pose a great damage to crop growth, yield formation and product safety. In the current study, the influence of combined Al and Cr stresses on plant biomass, metal and nutrient contents was determined in comparison with that of Al or Cr stress alone. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of pH, Al and Cr in the medium solution on the uptake of mineral elements as well as Al and Cr in the two barley genotypes differing in Al tolerance. Aluminum sensitive genotype Shang 70-119 had significantly higher Cr and Al contents in plants than Al-tolerant genotype Gebeina. Barley roots had much higher Al and Cr contents than above-ground plant parts. Chromium contents were much higher in the solution with pH 4.0 than in that with pH 6.5. Aluminum stress reduced phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) contents in roots and restrained potassium (K) and iron (Fe) from being translocated into shoots and leaves. Chromium stress resulted in reduced P, K, Mg, S, Fe, Zn and Mn contents in roots at pH 6.5 and P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn and Mn contents at pH 4.0. Translocation of all nutrients from roots to upper parts of plants was inhibited except Ca in pH 6.5 with Cr addition. Lower contents of all nutrients were observed at pH 4.0 as compared to pH 6.5. Combined stress of Cr and Al, on the whole, caused further reduction in mineral content in all plant parts of the two barley genotypes as compared to Al or Cr stress alone. Moreover, the reduction was more pronounced in Al sensitive genotype Shang 70-119.  相似文献   

13.
Al tolerance of horse bean, yellow lupin, barley and rye. II. Mineral element concentrations in shoots and roots as affected by Al supply Inhibition of seminal root elongation by Al in solution culture gave the following ranking for Al tolerance: yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus ?Schwako”?) ? rye (Secale cereale ?Kustro)”? « horse bean (Vicia faba ?Herz Freya”?) > barley (Hordeum vulgare ?Roland”?). Exclusion from uptake by inactivation of Al outside the root was not responsible for the higher Al tolerance of lupin and rye, because comparable inhibition of root elongation occured at much higher Al concentration of the root and the root tips (5 mm) compared to barley and horse bean. The plant species differed considerable in nutrient concentrations of the roots: higher Ca concentrations in horse bean and rye, higher Mg concentrations in rye and lupin and higher P concentration in lupin. Al supply reduced Ca and Mg concentrations (Ca > Mg) in shoots and roots of all species. P concentrations were hardly affected. The nutrient concentrations in the root tips did not indicate that induction of nutrient deficiency was responsible for the effect of Al on root elongation and Al sensitivity of barley and horse bean. The considerable differences in Ca, Mg and P concentrations of the roots between the Al-tolerant plant species rye and lupin do not suggest a common physiological mechanism responsible for Al tolerance.  相似文献   

14.
The objective of this study was to determine relations between Al effects and mineral concentrations in citrus seedlings. Six‐month‐old seedlings of five citrus rootstocks were grown for 60 days in supernatant nutrient solutions of Al, P, and other nutrients. The solutions contained seven levels of Al ranging from 4 to 1655 μM. Al and similar P concentrations of 28 μM P. Aluminum concentrations in roots and shoots increased with increasing Al concentration in the nutrient solution. Aluminum concentrations in roots of Al‐tolerant rootstocks were higher than those of Al‐sensitive rootstocks. When Al concentrations in nutrient solution increased from 4 to 178 μM, the K, Mg, and P concentrations in roots and the K and P levels in shoots increased. Conversely, Ca, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe in the roots and Ca, Mg, Cu, and Fe in the shoots decreased. The more tolerant rootstocks contained higher Fe concentrations in their roots than did the less tolerant ones when Al concentrations in solution were lower than 308 μM. Concentrations of other elements (Ca, K, P, Mg, Zn, and Mn) in roots or shoots exhibited no apparent relationship to the Al tolerance for root or shoot growth of the rootstocks. Calcium, K, Zn, Mn, and Fe concentrations in roots and Mg and K concentrations in shoots of all five rootstocks seedlings had significant negative correlations with Al concentrations in corresponding roots or shoots.  相似文献   

15.
We investigated the role of the cell wall and plasma membrane (PM) of root-tip cells in Al tolerance in Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive cultivars of five plant species (rice, maize, pea, wheat, and sorghum). No correlation was found between the differences in Al tolerance and the cation exchange capacity of cell walls isolated from root-tips (0–1 em). Preliminary exposure to Al for 1 h was sufficient to inhibit subsequent root re-elongation in an Al-free solution, and the inhibitory effect was more pronounced in the Al-sensitive cultivars than in the Al-tolerant ones. Together with the inhibition of root re-elongation, the PM of the root-tip cells of all the Al-sensitive cultivars was more permeabilized than that of the Al-tolerant cultivars, based on the FDA-PI fluorescence staining technique. Exposure for 30 min to Al treatment at 100 µM significantly increased the PM permeability of protoplasts isolated from the root-tips for the Al-sensitive pea cultivar placed in a moderately hypotonic medium. Protoplasts from root-tip portions of all the Al-sensitive cultivars took up more Al than those of the Al-tolerant ones when treated with 100 pM Al under isotonic conditions for 30 min. The co-existence of DNP or hypotonic conditions led to a larger increase of Al uptake by the protoplasts from Al-sensitive maize cultivars. These results suggest that Al ions rapidly alter the PM of the root-tip portion in the Al-sensitive cultivars, irrespective of plant species, resulting in an increase of the PM permeability.  相似文献   

16.
Soil acidity is often associated with toxic aluminum (Al), and mineral uptake usually decreases in plants grown with excess Al. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Al (0, 35, 70, and 105 μM) on Al, phsophorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn,) and copper (Cu) uptake in shoots and roots of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv. SC283] colonized with the vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi isolates Glomus intraradices UT143–2 (UT143) and Glomus etunicatum UT316A‐2 (UT316) and grown in sand (pH 4.8). Mycorrhizal (+VAM) plants had higher shoot and root dry matter (DM) than nonmycorrhizal (‐VAM) plants. The VAM treatment had significant effects on shoot concentrations of P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn; shoot contents of P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu; root concentrations of P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Zn, and Cu; and root contents of Al, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu. The VAM effects on nutrient concentrations and contents and DM generally followed the sequence of UT316 > UT143 > ‐VAM. The VAM isolate UT143 particularly enhanced Zn uptake, and both VAM isolates enhanced uptake of P and Cu in shoots and roots, and various other nutrients in shoots or roots.  相似文献   

17.
This study was conducted to determine relationships between Al toxicity and mineral uptake of triticale (X Triticosecale, Wittmack), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.). Two culti‐vars of each species were grown in 1/5‐strength Steinberg solution with 0, 3, 6, or 12 ppm Al added. The solutions were adjusted to pH 4.8 at transplanting and were not adjusted thereafter. The plants were grown in a growth chamber for 19 days before harvesting to determine nutrient solution pH, dry weights, and Al, Ca, Mg, K, and P levels in plants. Increasing Al concentration reduced the final pH of solutions. The addition of 12 ppm Al severely reduced the growth and increased Al concentration of plant tops. The Al levels in roots generally increased with increments of added Al up to 6 ppm. Increasing Al decreased the uptake of Ca, Mg, and P by plant tops more than that of K. Regression analyses indicated that Al toxicity was associated with increasing K/Ca + Mg equivalent ratios and decreasing P concentration in plant tops. Differences between species were: higher Al concentration in rye than wheat with 6 and 12 ppm Al, higher translocation of Ca from roots to tops in wheat than in rye and Mg in triticale and wheat than rye; K/Ca + Mg equivalent ratios associated with 50% reduction in top growth followed the order: triticales > tolerant wheat > sensitive wheat > rye. Differences in mineral uptake associated with Al toxicity in wheat were more indicative of differential Al sensitivity in wheat than in triticale and rye which have higher internal Al tolerance.  相似文献   

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