马铃薯细菌多样性解析及促生高产 IAA菌株的筛选

采用 3种不同的培养基从马铃薯根际土壤和叶片中共分离出 78株细菌，优势菌属是 Pantoea，占菌株总数的 55.13%。马铃薯根际土采用 R2A培养基(27株优势菌，13个菌属)分离的细菌多样性相对较好，阿须贝培养基(31株优势菌，9个菌属)次之，土壤浸提液培养基(1株优势菌，1个菌属)最少；马铃薯叶片内生菌用阿须贝培养基(19株优势菌，3个菌属)分离的细菌多样性较差。采用 Salkowski比色液显色法定量测定菌株产 IAA能力，结果表明有 58株细菌具有分泌 IAA的能力，占测定菌株总数的 74.36%，从马铃薯根际土(42株优势菌，13个菌属)筛选的产 IAA菌数量及细菌多样性均高于马铃薯叶片内生菌(16株优势菌，2个菌属)。根据菌株产IAA能力强弱和分离部位及分离培养基的差异，选择 7株产 IAA菌进行促生特性和马铃薯盆栽幼苗促生能力等研究，结果显示:有 6株产 IAA菌具有 ACC脱氨酶能力，1株产 IAA菌具有溶解无机磷能力，2株产 IAA菌具有溶解有机磷能力；两轮温室促生实验结果显示，菌株 Pantoeasp.MLS-34-25对马铃薯幼苗具有明显的促生作用，是生产微生物肥料的潜在菌种。     

微生物燃料电池阳极生物膜微生物群落的PCR-DGGE分析

以养殖废水沼气池沼泥为接种物,构建了乙二胺、三氯化铁改性阳极的无介体单室微生物燃料电池（MFC）体系,均成功实现了连续产电,同时对废水中的污染物也具有很好的去除效果。为了更好地研究微生物燃料电池阳极生物膜的微生物多样性,分别采集了两种MFC阳极生物膜样品,采用PCR-DGGE法研究了一个完整产电周期的启动期（S）、葡萄糖产电稳定期（RG）和养殖废水原水稳定期（RS）的MFC阳极生物膜的微生物群落变化。结果表明,不同时期MFC阳极生物膜的微生物多样性存在明显差异,S-RG、S-RS、RG-RS的微生物群落相似性分别为70.1%、42.0%和50.6%。两种不同阳极富集的生物膜微生物群落相似性仅为48%,这表明不同改性方法所得的阳极对微生物具有选择性作用。对DGGE条带测序和比对发现,不同时期阳极生物膜上优势微生物包括Trichococcus sp.、Thauera sp.、Azoarcus sp.、Azospirillum sp.、Zobellella sp.、Pseudomonas sp.、Aeromonas sp.、Thiobacillus sp.、Desulfovibrio sp.、Thiomonas sp.,其中Pseudomonas sp.、Aeromonas sp.和Desulfovibrio sp.与已报道的相关产电微生物具有较高的序列相似度,这些菌种可能是本MFC体系中的主要产电菌。     

土壤微生物产电信号评价芘污染毒性的研究

通过向土壤中加入葡萄糖促进微生物产电过程,研究了芘污染条件下土壤产电变化规律。利用双室微生物燃料电池(Microbial fuel cells,MFCs),实时、连续记录芘污染土壤产电电压。产电110 h后结束MFCs运行,采用循环伏安法检测芘对土壤微生物电化学活性的影响;结合PCR-DGGE及测序技术,分析芘对MFCs阳极表面细菌群落结构的影响。结果显示,MFCs产电电量随芘浓度增加显著降低。循环伏安检测显示芘降低了土壤微生物的电化学活性。DNA序列分析表明,阳极细菌与已报道的产电细菌高度相似,包括Sporolactobacillus、Clostridium、Enterobacter、Bacillus及Ethanoligenens。芘降低了Bacillus丰度。     

不同底物对微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响

为了探讨污水中复杂有机质对微生物燃料电池性能的影响,该文通过选取同等浓度的乙酸钠、葡萄糖、庶糖、D-木糖、可溶淀粉5种原料,进行了微生物燃料电池产电性能的试验研究。在体积质量为8 g/L条件下,以乙酸钠、葡萄糖、D-木糖、蔗糖和淀粉构建的MFC（生物燃料电池）中,乙酸钠电池内阻64 ?,最大体积功率密度达到3.7 W/m3;葡萄糖电池内阻84 ?,最大功率密度2.67 W/m3;D-木糖电池内阻为167 ?,最大功率密度为1.37 W/m3;蔗糖电池内阻为68.3 ?,最大功率密度为2.4 W/m3;淀粉内阻236 ?,最大功率密度1.36 W/m3。结果表明：MFC可利用各种含糖有机物进行产电,在同等条件下,底物越简单,电池启动时间越短,内阻越小,输出功率大,库仑效率大。     

马铃薯内生固氮菌的分离及其促生特性研究

内生固氮菌是一类重要的植物促生菌,占据着植物组织内有利于营养供应和微环境适宜的生态位,能更好的发挥促生功能,促生机制包括固氮、解磷、产植物生长素、产ACC脱氨酶、产铁载体及拮抗病害等。本文从连作3年马铃薯根筛选获得8株内生固氮菌,其中短芽孢杆菌属(Brevibacterium)3株,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)3株和泛菌属(Pantoea)2株。促生特性研究发现:菌株Brevibacterium sp.GWR4具有较高固氮酶活性[16.206nmol C2H4/(mg蛋白质·h)],与圆褐固氮菌的固氮酶活性具有极显著性差异(P0.01);菌株Pantoea spp.GWR2、GWR3具有极高的产IAA能力,分别为186.07、162.21μg/m L,GWR2兼具产ACC脱氨酶活性[3.74μmol/(mg蛋白质·h)],GWR3兼具溶解无机磷的能力;菌株Brevibacterium sp.GWR5可以拮抗尖孢镰刀菌MLSOF(Fusarium xysporum)和茄病镰刀菌MLS-QB(Fusarium solani),兼具溶解有机磷和产IAA能力;Bacillus spp.GWR7、GWR8兼具固氮和产IAA能力。盆栽试验显示,分别接种Pantoea sp.GWR3,Brevibacterium spp.GWR4、GWR5和Bacillus spp.GWR7、GWR8后小白菜鲜重显著高于未接菌对照处理。可见,这5株菌兼具多种促生特性且对小白菜具有较好的促生效果,有望进一步研究开发成为微生物肥料生产菌种。     

一株根际解磷菌的筛选鉴定及促生作用研究

磷在植物生长发育过程中起着重要的作用。为获得优质的解磷促生菌,以北京平谷桃园根际土壤为原料,从中筛选具有较高解磷促生能力的菌株。通过平板试验初筛可产解磷圈的菌株,再进行液态培养,采用钼锑抗比色法测定其最大的解磷能力,并探索菌株解磷能力与pH变化的关系,同时借助盆栽试验研究其促生特性。从桃树根际土共分离筛选出3株解磷菌,编号分别为JP01、JP03和PG62,初步鉴定分别为黑曲霉、杰氏假单胞菌和苍白杆菌。其中,黑曲霉JP01解磷能力优异,其溶解磷酸三钙的能力为112.52 mg/L,对卵磷脂的转化量为145.50 mg/L,最大解磷矿粉能力为95.74 mg/L,在培养过程中,该解磷菌对应的培养液pH显著下降。盆栽试验表明,黑曲霉能增加玉米幼苗株高、茎粗和地下部干重,还可使植株全磷含量增加。本研究结果可为开发解磷微生物菌剂提供优良的菌株资源。     

多功能植物根际促生菌 DD3 的功能特性及对大蒜幼苗的促生效果

【目的】植物根际促生菌 (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR) 能够促进植物生长、防治病害、增加作物产量,具有较好的环境兼容性、不易引起抗性、效果持久稳定等优势。筛选高效多功能菌,探索抗病促生机理,对开发防控大蒜土传病害的微生物技术,发展“高产、优质、高效、生态、安全”的大蒜产业具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。 【方法】以实验室前期从山东省金乡县连作大蒜根部分离的 70 株细菌为供试菌株,筛选对大蒜根腐病病原真菌拟枝孢镰刀菌 (Fusarium sporotrichioides) ACCC37402 和大蒜叶枯病病原真菌链格孢属菌株 (Alternaria sp.) D14011-1 具有较好拮抗效果的菌株;采用 16S rDNA 基因序列同源性分析,对其进行初步鉴定;通过测定菌株对抗生素的敏感性、水解蛋白能力、产铁载体能力、产 HCN 能力等,研究菌株的拮抗特性;通过测定菌株的固氮能力、溶磷能力、产 IAA 能力,产 ACC 脱氨酶能力等,研究菌株的促生特性;通过温室盆栽试验,进行多功能菌菌悬液及其无菌发酵液对大蒜幼苗生长的影响以及抗病效果研究。 【结果】菌株 DD3 对大蒜根腐病病原真菌 ACCC37402 和大蒜叶枯病病原真菌 D14011-1 具有较好拮抗效果,抑菌率均为 45%;经 16S rDNA 基因序列同源性分析,初步确定为芽孢杆菌属 (Bacillus) 菌株。其它功能特性研究结果显示:菌株 Bacillus sp. DD3 具有水解蛋白能力、产 HCN 能力、产铁载体能力、固氮能力、溶解有机磷和无机磷的能力;对氨苄青霉素钠、硫酸卡那霉素等 11 种抗生素无耐受性,不具有分泌吲哚乙酸 IAA 能力和产 ACC 脱氨酶能力。盆栽试验显示,接种 Bacillus sp. DD3 菌悬液对大蒜根腐病的防治效果较好,防控率达 80%。接种 Bacillus sp. DD3 及其无菌发酵液后能够促进大蒜幼苗的生长,其中接种菌悬液效果更佳。 【结论】菌株 Bacillus sp. DD3 兼具多种功能特性,对大蒜根腐病具有较好的拮抗效果,同时可以显著促进大蒜幼苗生长,有望进一步研究开发成为微生物肥料生产菌种。     

一株百合内生细菌 Burkholderia sp. FJb-2的分离鉴定及其体外抑菌促生效应

从北京市房山区百合资源圃采集红芯百合(Fangio)植株样品,通过组织块分离法分离内生细菌;进一步以百合灰霉病菌—灰葡萄孢菌( Botrytis cinerea)ACCC36423、百合叶尖干枯病菌—葡萄座腔菌( Botryosphaeria dothidea)ACCC37263和百合枯萎病菌—尖孢镰刀菌( Fusarium oxysporum)F01139等几种主要百合病原真菌为指示菌,采用平板对峙法筛选具有拮抗活性的拮抗菌株;并对拮抗菌株进行产 1-氨基环丙烷 -1-羧酸(ACC)脱氨酶活性、产生长素(IAA)、溶磷、产铁载体等多种植物促生特性测定;最后通过形态观察及 16S rRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定其种属。结果从百合茎部分离获得一株内生细菌菌株 FJb-2;该菌株对灰葡萄孢菌、葡萄座腔菌和尖孢镰刀菌均有较高拮抗活性,对病原真菌生长的抑制率范围为 60%～ 81%;该菌株产 ACC脱氨酶活性为     

烟草根表可培养细菌群落组成及典型菌群的促生特性研究

植物微生物组是维护植物生长发育、提升抗逆防病的重要调控因素。为发挥植物微生物促进烟草生长、改善烟草根区微生态功能作用，本研究从烟草根表分离筛选可培养细菌组，并对不同菌株的促生能力进行测定。结果表明：①从烟草根表分离并鉴定出可培养菌株310株，隶属于31个属，其中主要为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)；②对比分析发现假单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属、寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)和成对杆菌属(Dyadobacter)为4种供试土壤烟草根表共有的细菌类群；③对进一步筛选得到的16株菌株进行促生能力的测定，发现6株菌具有固氮能力，5株菌产铁载体，4株菌可溶解无机磷，4株菌产IAA；④盆栽试验验证16株菌株的促生效果，其中37.5% 的菌株对烟草生长具有显著促进作用，烟草株高、总鲜物质量和地下部干物质量分别比对照提高35.1%、27.9% 和30.7%。总之，从烟草根表分离获得多种具有促生能力的菌株，为未来构建促进烟草健康生长的复合菌剂提供了理论基础。     

家蚕肠道产蛋白酶菌株的分离与鉴定及其发酵条件

为探明家蚕肠道中产蛋白酶细菌的种类分布及其作用效果,本研究以家蚕(Bombyx mori)4龄幼虫肠道内容物为材料,采用牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基和酪蛋白培养基分离筛选产蛋白酶细菌菌株,利用16SrDNA序列分析鉴定其种属,并研究其产酶能力和产酶活力较高菌株的最适发酵条件。结果获得3株产蛋白酶菌株皓月NA1、951NA3和951NA6,均归属于不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter),其中皓月NA1号细菌产酶能力最强,最佳产酶量为29.5U/mL。以玉米粉10000mg/L、黄豆粉10000mg/L、MgSO4400mg/L、NaC115000mg/L和K2HPO41000mg/L作为发酵培养基成分,在35℃、起始pH9.0、装液量为80mL/150mL、180r/min振荡培养48h的优化发酵条件下,皓月NA1号细菌最大产酶量可达50U/m L。研究结果对家蚕肠道微生物的分布及肠道益生菌的作用效果调控有着十分重要的意义。     

堆肥过程中各种有机污染物的氮矿化势

The objectives of this work were to determine the potential mineralization of various organic pollutants that are likely found in compostable materials during composting, and to evaluate the participation of the microflora of the thermophilic and maturation composting phases in pollutant mineralization. Four composts were used: a biowaste compost (BioW), a municipal solid waste compost (MSW), a green waste compost (GW) and a co-compost of green waste and sludge (GW+S). In each composting plant, two samples were withdrawn: one in the thermophilic phase (fresh compost) and one in the maturation phase (mature compost) to have the microflora of thermophilic and maturation phases active, respectively. The mineralization of 5 organic pollutants, 3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (i.e., phenanthrene, fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene), 1 herbicide (dicamba) and 1 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB, congener 52), was measured in a laboratory setting during incubations at 60 ℃ in fresh composts and at 28 ℃ in mature composts. All molecules were 14 C-labeled, which allowed the mineralization of the molecules to be measured by trapping of produced 14CO2 in NaOH. Their volatilization was also measured by trapping molecules on glass wool impregnated with paraffin oil. Mineralization of the organic molecules was only observed when the maturation microflora was present in the mature composts or when it was inoculated into the fresh compost. Phenanthrene mineralization of up to 60% in the fresh GW+S compost was the only exception. Mineralization of PAH decreased when the complexity of the PAH molecules increased. Mineralization of phenanthrene and fluoranthene reached 50%-70% in all mature composts. Benzo(a)pyrene was mineralized (30%) only in the MSW mature compost. Dicamba was moderately mineralized (30%-40%). Finally, no PCB mineralization was detected, but 20% of the PCB had volatilized after 12 d at 60 ℃. No clear difference was observed in the degrading capacity of the different composts, and the major difference was the larger mineralizing capacity of the maturation microflora compared with the thermophilic microflora.     

E.coli谷氨酸脱羧酶高产菌株选育及发酵条件研究

以普通大肠杆菌(E. coli)为出发菌株,以L-谷氨酸、溴甲酚绿(pH3.8~5.4)为筛选及指示剂,经亚硝基胍(NTG)、UV诱变处理,得到了L-谷氨酸脱羧酶活性变异菌株,其L-谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）活性大幅度提高,比出发菌株酶活性提高了2.22倍。优化实验显示：pH值、发酵时间、诱导剂L-谷氨酸、硫酸镁对GAD产酶有较大影响。通过对产酶发酵培养基中几种成份单因素变动及正交优化实验,对该菌株产GAD的诱导剂L-谷氨酸、营养要求和发酵条件进行了研究,优化后的发酵培养基组成为牛肉膏5 g/L,蛋白胨10 g/L,氯化钠3 g/L,L-谷氨酸0.5 g/L,葡萄糖1.5 g/L,磷酸二氢钾2 g/L,硫酸镁0.7 g/L。发酵条件是：pH6.8,接种菌龄20h,发酵时间20h。在优化条件下突变菌株GAD活性可达6790.7U,是出发菌株的2.76倍。     

Naturally occurring antifungal agents against Zygosaccharomyces bailii and their synergism

Polygodial was found to exhibit a fungicidal activity against a food spoilage yeast, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, with the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 50 microg/mL (0.17 mM). The time-kill curve study showed that polygodial was fungicidal at any growth stage. The primary action of polygodial comes from its ability to disrupt the native membrane-associated function of integral proteins as nonionic surface active agents (surfactants) followed by a decrease in plasma membrane fluidity. The fungicidal activity of polygodial was increased 128-fold in combination with a sublethal amount (equivalent of 1/2 MFC) of anethole and vice versa relative to the fungicidal activity of anethole. The fungicidal activity of sorbic acid was enhanced 512-fold in combination with 1/2 MFC of polygodial. Conversely, the fungicidal activity of polygodial was enhanced 128-fold in combination with 1/2 MFC of sorbic acid.     

北京地区酱卤牛肉中挥发性风味物质剖面分析

为研究酱卤牛肉中挥发性风味物质的贡献程度,以北京地区老字号酱卤牛肉(稻香村、天福号、月盛斋、东来顺)为研究对象,探究各酱卤牛肉产品中风味物质的组成、质量浓度及整体贡献,并采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对北京地区老字号酱卤牛肉中的挥发性风味成分进行定性定量分析。结果表明,4种酱卤牛肉产品中共鉴定出78种挥发性风味物质,其中气味活性物质(OAV ≥1)12种,分别为庚醛、壬醛、肉豆蔻醛、桉叶油醇、芳樟醇、(-)-4-萜品醇、L-α-松油醇、α-松油醇、草蒿脑、茴香脑、1-甲基萘、2-戊基呋喃,被确定为主体风味物质。因具有相对较高的OAV和特殊风味,壬醛、桉叶油醇、芳樟醇、草蒿脑、茴香脑被认定为北京地区老字号酱卤牛肉的特征风味物质,酮类、酯类和部分醇类为修饰风味物质。对12种气味活性物质进行主成分分析和聚类分析,发现不同酱卤牛肉的风味轮廓差异显著,可明确区分其整体风味情况;气味活性物质可聚为4类,其分别来源于原料肉中脂肪的氧化降解、美拉德反应,以及香辛料的添加等。本研究结果为酱卤牛肉产品的风味调控提供了理论参考。     

Antioxidative activity and antidiscoloration efficacy of ergothioneine in mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) extract added to beef and fish meats

The antioxidative property of a hydrophilic extract prepared from the fruiting body of edible mushroom ( Flammulina velutipes) was evaluated. The mushroom extract contained ergothioneine (ERT) at a level of 3.03 +/- 0.07 mg/mL, showed higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and suppressed lipid oxidation of bigeye tuna meat more effectively than authentic L-ERT added at the same concentration. The authentic L-ERT had stronger total reducing power than the mushroom extract and inhibited the formation of metmyoglobin (metMb) more significantly in bigeye tuna meat. Lipid oxidation in beef and fish meats to which the mushroom extract had been added was "virtually" controlled during storage on ice. Ground beef and bigeye tuna meat with the extract added kept their natural colors unchanged for longer than 12 and 7 days of ice storage, respectively. Contrary to this, browning in meat color was observed in the control samples without the extract after 6 and 2 days of storage, respectively, when stored under similar conditions. There was significant correlation between meat color and chemical parameters, including total lipid hydroperoxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and metMb. However, there was no significant correlation between pH value and meat discoloration. These results suggest that ERT in the hydrophilic extract of F. velutipes plays an important role as a color stabilizer of meats.     

牛肉大理石花纹图像特征信息提取及自动分级方法

为了解决牛肉大理石花纹在人工分级中准确率和效率低的问题,该文基于计算机视觉和图像处理技术提出一种实用的牛肉大理石花纹自动评估和分级方法。通过图像解析,利用所提出的分级算法实现牛肉大理石花纹的快速提取,并计算反映大理石花纹丰富程度的10个特征参数。使用特征参数建立主成分回归模型,对牛肉大理石花纹等级进行预测,预测相关系数Rv=0.88,预测标准差SEP=0.56。校正时模型总体的回判正确率为97.0%,验证时总体的判别正确率为91.2%。在此基础上,开发了大理石花纹自动分级软件系统和硬件装置,并且在该试验室前期研制的样机上进行了试验,验证了算法的运算速度和准确率。结果表明,所提出的分级方法的检测速度和精度均能够满足企业中对牛肉大理石花纹分级的要求。     

单室结构土壤微生物燃料电池发电性能的影响因子研究

There is limited information about the factors that affect the power generation of single-chamber microbial fuel cells （MFCs） using soil organic matter as a fuel source. We examined the effect of soil and water depths, and temperature on the performance of soil MFCs with anode being embedded in the flooded soil and cathode in the overlaying water. Results showed that the MFC with 5 cm deep soil and 3 cm overlaying water exhibited the highest open circuit voltage of 562 mV and a power density of 0.72 mW m-2. The ohmic resistance increased with more soil and water. The polarization resistance of cathode increased with more soil while that of anode increased with more water. During the 30 d operation, the cell voltage positively correlated with temperature and reached a maximum of 162 mV with a 500 ft external load. After the operation, the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from the soil and anode was sequenced. The bacteria in the soil were more diverse than those adhere to the anode where the bacteria were mainly affiliated to Eseherichia coli and Deltaproteobacteria. In summary, the two bacterial groups may generate electricity and the electrical properties were affected by temperature and the depth of soil and water.     

Use of the Mycosep multifunctional cleanup column for liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxins in agricultural products.

A liquid chromatographic (LC) technique has been developed that uses the Mycosep multifunctional cleanup (MFC) column. MFC columns provide a rapid 1-step extract purification. They are designed to retain particular groups of compounds that may create interferences in analytical methods. At the same time, MFC columns allow compounds of interest to pass through. In the method presented, test samples are extracted in a blender with acetonitrile-water (9 + 1). A portion of the extract is forced through an MFC column designed especially for analysis of numerous mycotoxins. Analytical interferences are retained, while aflatoxins pass through the column. Aflatoxins B1 and G1 are converted to their hemiacetals by heating a mixture of purified extract and water-trifluoroacetic acid-acetic acid (7 + 2 + 1) at 65 degrees C for 8.5 min. An aliquot of this mixture is analyzed by isocratic LC with acetonitrile-water mobile phase and fluorescence detection. A detection limit of less than 0.5 ng/g for aflatoxin B1 was obtained. Average recoveries greater than 95% total aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) and coefficients of variation of less than 3% were obtained. The method was successfully applied to the following commodities: corn, almonds, pista-chios, walnuts, peanuts, Brazil nuts, milo, rice, cottonseed, corn meal, corn gluten meal, fig paste, and mixed feeds.     

Disease control effect of strevertenes produced by Streptomyces psammoticus against tomato fusarium wilt

During screening of microorganisms producing antifungal metabolites, Streptomyces psammoticus strain KP1404 was isolated. The culture extract of this strain showed potent disease control efficacy against Fusarium wilt on tomato plants. The antifungal metabolites ST-1 and ST-2 were isolated from the culture extract using a variety of chromatographic procedures. On the basis of MS and NMR spectrometric analysis, the structures of the antifungal active compounds ST-1 and ST-2 were determined to be the polyene antibiotics strevertene A and strevertene B, respectively. In vitro, strevertenes A and B showed inhibitory effects against the mycelial growth of Alternaria mali , Aspergillus oryzae , Cylindrocarpon destructans , Colletotrichum orbiculare , Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , even at concentrations of 4-16 μg/mL. Fusarium wilt development on tomato plants was strongly retarded by treatment with 1 μg/mL of these strevertenes. The disease control efficacies of strevertenes on Fusarium wilt were as remarkable as that of benomyl.     

正红菇纯培养的营养生理研究

对正红菇纯培养RL1菌株做了多种营养生理试验研究,结果表明：适宜的碳源为蔗糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖,不能利用羧甲基纤维素钠;适宜的氮源为酵母膏、牛肉膏和蛋白陈,硫酸铵也能被较好地利用;适宜的C／N为20／1;矿质元素P,K,Mg对菌丝生长的影响很大,其中P的影响最显著,Ca和Na的影响很小;维生素肌醇对菌丝生长有明显的促进作用。