首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 136 毫秒
1.
黄河中下游湿地土壤铁还原氧化过程的温度敏感性   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
土壤中铁的还原氧化过程因与重金属的生物有效性、有机污染的降解及含碳温室气体排放等环境问题关系密切而备受关注。温度可能通过影响铁还原菌或者Fe(II)氧化菌的活性、底物的生物可用性等而影响铁的还原过程。以黄河中下游地区新乡市原阳大米产区的湿地土壤为样品,利用厌氧泥浆控温培养试验方法研究了黄河中下游湿地中土壤铁还原氧化过程的温度敏感性。结果表明:黄河中下游湿地土壤铁的还原容量在16~31℃范围内不受温度影响,但在16~40℃之间升高温度可显著增加铁还原过程的最大速率、速率常数,亦可缩短最大速率出现的时间。铁还原的温度敏感系数介于1.18~3.05之间,且随温度上升而升高。光照可降低铁还原的温度敏感性,平均降幅39.0%。光照时土壤中Fe(II)氧化对温度不敏感。光照条件和铁氧化物的种类和数量可能是影响土壤有机碳矿化的因素之一。研究结果对于深入理解土壤铁的生物地球化学循环及其与土壤呼吸的关系具有重要意义。  相似文献   

2.
姚远  余光辉  滕辉 《土壤》2023,55(4):718-728
铁氧化物和溶液相亚铁常在厌氧土壤环境中共存。铁氧化物能够加快亚铁的氧化速率,且控制亚铁氧化成矿产物的类型,同时,亚铁与铁氧化物组成的系统是一种良好的还原剂,能够有效还原重金属及降解有机污染物。另一方面,亚铁能够催化铁氧化物晶相转变,导致铁氧化物结构和表面性质发生改变,进而影响相关重金属、有机质的环境行为。本文综述了铁氧化物催化亚铁氧化成矿、铁氧化物-亚铁系统还原污染物以及亚铁催化铁氧化物相变的反应机制及影响因素,最后,对未来在自然土壤中研究铁氧化物-亚铁界面反应及其环境影响进行了展望。  相似文献   

3.
水稻土中铁氧化还原循环的光照水分效应   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
水稻土中铁的氧化还原循环与CO2和CH4排放关系密切。采用恒温厌氧培养试验分别在黑暗、光照条件下研究了不同水分状况对水稻土中铁氧化还原过程、水溶性碳含量及CO2和CH4排放的影响。结果表明,水分和光照是调控土壤铁氧化还原过程及其耦合的碳转化过程的关键环境因子。避光时增加含水量缩短铁还原最大速率出现的时间,促进CH4排放。光照条件下含水量小于50%时增加含水量可促进亚铁的再氧化,大于50%时则抑制了亚铁的再氧化。避光时增加含水量可增加体系的水溶性无机碳含量(WSIC),WSIC与CH4的排放存在显著正相关关系。光照可显著降低体系的WSIC,降低幅度随含水量的增加而增大。在含水量25%~200%范围内,光照可使CO2和CH4排放量分别降低95.80%和96.08%。  相似文献   

4.
旱作褐土中氧化铁的厌氧还原与光合型亚铁氧化特征   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
土壤中铁的氧还过程与碳氮转化及自净能力关系密切,已还原亚铁的氧化受土壤性质的影响。采用室内恒温培养试验研究了旱作褐土中铁还原氧化过程、及其与水溶性碳、NO3-、SO42-的关系。结果表明旱作褐土中铁氧化物在厌氧光照条件下可先被还原后被再次氧化,其再氧化量介于1.46~3.00 mg g-1之间,平均2.09 mg g-1;再氧化速率常数介于0.23~0.80 d-1之间,平均0.48 d-1。再氧化量与土壤无定形铁、水溶性硫酸盐含量、阳离子交换量显著负相关,与土壤总氮、总磷显著正相关;再氧化速率常数与土壤有机碳显著负相关,与黏粒含量极显著正相关。厌氧光照培养可使旱作褐土水溶性无机碳平均降低52.74%,水溶性NO3-降低92.15%,水溶性SO42-增加55.38%。研究结果为深入理解旱作土壤潜在的微生物铁循环转化方式提供理论支持。  相似文献   

5.
豫西旱作褐土剖面土壤的氧化铁还原与亚铁氧化特征   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
土壤铁氧化物的氧化还原过程不仅与重金属的生物有效性和有机污染物降解转化关系密切,也与旱地土壤肥力关系密切,因而备受关注。然剖面土壤耕层以下是否存在铁氧化物的还原、氧化过程,其特征如何尚未可知。本文采用恒温厌氧泥浆培养的方法研究旱地褐土剖面中铁的氧化还原特征。结果表明,旱地土壤剖面0~100cm中均存在铁的厌氧还原过程,还原潜势、最大速率均随剖面深度增加而显著降低;剖面0~80cm土层中均存在光合型Fe(II)氧化现象,0~40cm土层Fe(II)氧化量和氧化速率显著高于40~80cm。剖面的铁氧化还原过程不仅受有机碳含量影响,也受N、K等养分元素的影响。结果可为拓展对铁氧化还原微生物生境的认识、深入理解土壤剖面中铁氧化还原过程提供依据。  相似文献   

6.
综述了铁锰氧化菌诱导成矿对重金属环境行为的影响,分别从铁/锰氧化菌与生物成矿、铁/锰氧化菌诱导铁锰氧化物沉淀耦合重金属稳定化以及铁锰氧化物对土壤中重金属的作用方面进行阐述;并从铁/锰氧化菌生物成矿方式、铁/锰氧化菌诱导生物成矿过程对土壤重金属的稳定化机制等方面进一步总结了铁/锰氧化菌在不同重金属生物成矿修复中的应用,以及微生物诱导成矿过程的调控因素,分析胞外聚合物、温度与酸碱度、共存离子和其他因素对成矿过程的影响,以期为微生物诱导成矿修复重金属污染提供理论参考。未来工作可进一步关注生成矿物稳定重金属的长效性,不同微生物菌群组合对成矿效果的调控,以及铁/锰氧化菌在重金属复合污染场地土壤修复中的应用等方面。  相似文献   

7.
湿地铁的生物地球化学循环及其环境效应   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21       下载免费PDF全文
姜明  吕宪国  杨青  佟守正 《土壤学报》2006,43(3):493-499
湿地位于水陆过渡地带,干湿交替引起的氧化还原变化是湿地中最为典型、普遍的现象.铁作为湿地中的主要氧化还原物质,它的变化对湿地环境具有重要的指示性作用.本文介绍了湿地中铁的时空分布及其转化规律,指出湿地铁循环的影响因素,分析了湿地铁循环在湿地土壤形成、湿地植物的生理生态、湿地的物质循环、环境指示等方面的效应;最后对湿地铁循环研究中的存在问题及发展方向提出几点建议.  相似文献   

8.
微生物影响稻田土壤中砷转化研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
黄思映  杨旭  钱久李  黎华寿 《土壤》2021,53(5):890-898
稻田砷污染是一个全球性环境问题。稻米是以大米为主食的人群砷暴露的主要途径,稻米砷含量超标,会对动物和人体健康造成威胁。微生物是影响砷环境生物化学行为的重要角色,在植物-土壤-微生物系统的砷循环中发挥着重要作用。了解微生物对砷在土壤-水稻系统中的生物化学循环的影响,能够为稻田砷污染的有效治理提供理论基础。本文综述了砷氧化微生物、砷还原微生物以及砷甲基化微生物分别对砷氧化、还原和甲基化过程的影响(直接作用),并总结了微生物通过间接影响铁、硫的环境生物化学循环,进而影响稻田-水稻系统中砷的赋存形态及其转化与迁移的过程。最后,本文归纳了砷污染农田微生物修复技术的相关研究进展,并提出了研究展望。  相似文献   

9.
土壤硫的氧化还原及其环境生态效应   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
硫在土壤中的氧化还原不仅直接影响其在水、大气、生物、岩石圈的交换和循环,而且对生态环境产生影响。综述了土壤中发生的硫的氧化还原过程及硫的氧化还原过程产生的环境生态影响,最后展望了硫的氧化还原及其相关过程的研究前景。  相似文献   

10.
土壤中铁锰结核微结构与组分研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
王祎  黄来明 《土壤学报》2023,60(2):317-331
铁锰结核是土壤演化过程中形成的一种特殊新生体,其内部同心圆环带构造可用于反演古气候条件和成土环境,其组分可为微生物代谢提供营养元素和能量,进而影响土壤中养分和重金属的转化、固定与释放。本文综述了近几十年来国内外学者对土壤中铁锰结核研究所取得的进展,包括铁锰结核形成机制、演变过程与影响因素,不同地区铁锰结核微结构与组分差异,以及铁锰结核对养分转化与重金属吸附的影响。未来需进一步研究不同成土阶段铁锰结核形成速率与环境阈值,构建不同成土环境中铁锰结核演化模型,阐明铁锰结核对土壤中养分和重金属的固释机理,以期更好地理解地表关键带土壤发生过程与元素生物地球化学循环,为定量评价变化环境下土壤质量和功能提供依据。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

This study was conducted to determine iron (Fe) contamination on supposedly clean laboratory glassware used for Fe determinations. Iron adhered tenaciously to glassware that had been well washed and rinsed by usual methods (detergent, HCl, and distilled water) and was removed only by washing the glassware with a Fe che‐lating agent. Variability sometimes noted in Fe determinations could possibly be attributed to Fe contamination on glassware. Our data showed that glassware previously exposed to Fe solutions should be washed with an appropriate Fe chelating agent before subsequent determinations of Fe.  相似文献   

12.
采用分根技术、营养液培养方法 ,研究缺铁条件下供应不同形态氮素对玉米苗期体内不同铁库中铁再利用的影响。结果表明 ,缺铁条件下 ,玉米新生叶片铁营养状况不仅受体内铁库强度大小的影响 ,而且也受外界调节措施—氮素形态的调节。研究发现 ,与NO3-N相比 ,不考虑根细胞质外体铁库时 ,供应NH4-N可使初生叶中 32 %的铁再利用 ,考虑根系铁库时 ,初生叶铁变化不明显 ,而可使根系 40 %的铁转移至地上部。无论根系是否有铁库 ,缺铁条件下 ,NH4-N能提高新叶活性铁含量和伤流液中铁浓度。  相似文献   

13.
高产冬小麦铁素吸收分配特点的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用干灰化——原子吸收分光光度计法 ,测定了田间高产试验条件下冬小麦不同生育时期植株地上部各器官的铁含量 .结果表明 :麦株含铁量随生育时期呈单峰曲线变化 ,其峰顶位于返青期 ;铁吸收量随生育的时期呈双峰曲线变化 ,其峰顶分别位于拔节期和乳熟期 ,而峰谷出现在开花期 ;各生育阶段麦株体内铁始终以叶片分配比率最高 ;形成 1 0 0kg籽粒需要吸收铁 1 7.98g .  相似文献   

14.
Uptake of iron by rice plants was equally rapid when supplied as ionic iron(II) or iron(III) at pH 3 and 4. Iron(III) uptake was reduced at pH 5 and uptake of iron when supplied as FeEDTA was relatively low at all three pH levels.

At pH 4 in the presence of plant roots, reduction of iron(III) to iron(II) occurred as indicated by Fe2+ BPDS formation. BPDS in a 3:1 ratio to iron(III) suppressed iron uptake by about 70%. The reduction was observed to be located in the endodermis of young roots and exodermis of older roots.

A capacity to oxidize iron(II) at the root surface was also observed under local anaerobic and relatively high pH conditions.

The significance of these two counteracting processes in affecting the oxidation state of iron at the root surface is discussed.  相似文献   


15.
Abstract

Analytical data for Al and Fe extracted by different reagents is presented. It is concluded from the data that in podsolisation Al migrates mainly as inorganic gel while iron moves as organic chelated complexes.  相似文献   

16.
以铁毒耐性水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种"9308"为材料, 利用火焰原子吸收光谱法和化学浸提法研究0~10 mm段水稻根尖铁的积累及附着形态.结果表明: 高Fe2+(400 -mol·L-1)胁迫下, 0~2 mm段水稻根尖铁含量最高; 随着Fe2+浓度的升高, 根边缘细胞铁含量也明显增大; 初生根上不同形态铁的含量为铁锰氧化物态>残渣态>有机态>可交换态>碳酸盐态.以上结果表明, 水稻根尖0~2 mm段是过量铁的主要作用位点, 铁的附着形态以紧密结合态为主, 包围在外的根边缘细胞能固定过量铁.  相似文献   

17.
The capacity of Fe-deficient cucumber plants to utilise water-extractable and pyrophosphate-extractable humic substances as a source of Fe was investigated. Plants were grown for 13 days in nutrient solution in the presence or absence of Fe and during the last 7 days water-extractable and pyrophosphate-extractable humic substances were added to the solution at a final concentration of 5 μg organic C ml–1. The water-extractable humic fraction did not significantly modify leaf area and dry matter accumulation, leaf total Fe or chlorophyll content of cucumber plants adequately supplied with Fe. In contrast, pyrophosphate-extractable humic substances caused a slight but significant decrease of all the leaf parameters considered, with the exception of the chlorophyll content. Root Fe content of Fe-sufficient plants was decreased by more than 50% in the presence of each humified fraction. Addition of each humic fraction to Fe-deficient plants led to a partial disappearance of leaf chlorosis symptoms with a significant increase in chlorophyll and leaf Fe content. Fe content of roots was also significantly increased in Fe-deficient plants by the addition of humic substances to the nutrient solution. These results show that Fe-deficient cucumber plants can utilise Fe contained in the two fractions of humified organic matter. However, by calculating the amount of total Fe accumulated per plant in the presence of water-extractable or pyrophosphate-extractable humic substances, it could be seen that Fe contained in the water-extractable humic fraction was almost totally used by Fe-deficient cucumber plants, while that present in the pyrophosphate-extractable fraction could only be partially absorbed. The results strongly support a role of humified organic matter in Fe nutrition of plants and are discussed in terms of a possible interaction between soil humic substances and the biochemical mechanisms involved in the plant response to Fe deficiency. Received: 6 November 1996  相似文献   

18.
The oxygen status in soils is fundamental to a number of earth-science processes including biological, physical and chemical interactions. Since oxygen is time consuming and often difficult to measure in soils, this research explores the use of zero-valent iron rods as a means of estimating oxygen content in soils. Zero-valent iron rods (polished nails) were placed in three soil toposequences and the surface coatings formed by oxidation were compared to measured oxygen concentrations taken every three weeks for one year. When water was present in the soils, the oxygen was measured as dissolved oxygen and in drained conditions it was reported as percent. Coatings on iron metal rods inserted in the soil appear to correlate well with specific oxygen ranges. Rods in soils with O2 concentrations below about 2 mg l− 1 do not develop bright (7.5YR 4/4 to 5/8) oxide/oxyhydroxide coatings, but instead formed black (10YR 2/1–2) coatings. Rods in soils with O2 concentrations between about 2% to 5% develop variegated bright (7.5YR 4/4 to 5/8) oxide/oxyhydroxide coatings indicating soil drainage and microsite differences in O2 concentrations. Rods in soils with O2 concentrations above about 5% with adequate moisture are almost completely coated with bright (7.5YR 4/4 to 5/8) iron oxide/oxyhydroxides. Mineralogy of oxide/oxyhydroxide coatings could not be established by XRD presumably due to the short-range order crystal structure of the metal oxide/oxyhydroxides. This method provides a simple and inexpensive means to qualitatively estimate the ranges of O2 status in soils. This research may have implications in hydric soil determination, horticultural and agricultural applications, as well as, remediation techniques.  相似文献   

19.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10-11):1985-1996
Abstract

A field experiment was carried out in a drip‐irrigated orchard of Clementine (Citrus clementina Ort. ex. Tan) grafted on Troyer citrange (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata) rootstock located in the Valencian Citrus area (Spain). The trees received a single iron (Fe) EDDHA (ethylene diamine diorthohydroxyphenyl acetate) rate (3 g Fe tree?1) supplied in different application frequencies from April to September (8‐, 4‐, 2‐, or 1‐week intervals). Leaf chlorophyll (Chl) concentrations were estimated every month by using an SPAD‐502 meter. The foliar contents of Fe were also evaluated with time. Mineral composition of leaves, total Chl concentration, yield, and fruit quality were also evaluated at the end of the assay. SPAD readings, Chl, N, K, Mg, Fe, and Mn concentration in leaves increased as a result of Fe application. The concentration of Zn, however, significantly decreased in comparison to the control trees. Iron treatment increased yield and some of the fruit quality parameters, like total juice, sugar, and acid contents. Iron application frequency had not a consistent effect on the concentrations of macro and micronutrients in leaves, yield, and fruit quality. The highest values of SPAD readings and the leaf Chl content were obtained when Fe was applied at 4‐week intervals along the year. These results suggest that soil Fe‐EDDHA application with a moderate frequency could be recommended to the Citrus farmers in the area for a more rational Fe application along the growth cycle in Citrus orchards.  相似文献   

20.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):2007-2018
Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare iron (Fe) concentrations (mg kg?1) of the leaves measured by different methods and to determine the most suitable method to be used in evaluation of iron chlorosis in apple trees. For this purpose, green and chlorotic leaves were collected from 76 apple orchards in 1998 and 1999. Iron concentrations (mg kg?1) of dried leaf samples were measured with 4 different methods, 1 N HCl (Method 1), 0.1 N HCl (Method 2), 0.005 M DTPA (Method 3), and 1.5% o-phenanthroline (Method 4). Total Fe concentrations (mg kg?1) of dried leaf samples were also analyzed. Total chlorophyll and peroxidase enzyme activity in fresh leaf samples were measured. The total chlorophyll, peroxidase enzyme activity, Fe concentrations (mg kg?1) determined by Method 1, Method 3, Method 4, and total Fe concentrations (mg kg?1) of green leaves were higher than those of chlorotic leaves. On the other hand, no significant difference was found between Fe concentrations (mg kg?1) of green and chlorotic leaves, measured with Method 2. Significant relationship observed amongst chlorophyll concentrations, peroxidase enzyme activity, and Fe concentrations (mg kg?1) of samples suggests that 1 N HCl method was the most suitable method amongst the methods used in this study for apple trees.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号