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1.
采用田区试验研究湖泊底泥与无机肥配施对土壤和小白菜养分、重金属Cd以及蔬菜品质的影响.结果表明,湖泊底泥与无机肥配施能增加土壤和蔬菜的养分含量,同时导致土壤与小白菜中重金属Cd的含量增加.土壤中重金属Cd的含量未超标,小白菜Cd的含量在无机肥施用为N360P180K270和湖泊底泥投入量大于637.0 t/hm2时超出我国蔬菜中重金属限量卫生标准.随着湖泊底泥与无机肥配施量加大,可显著增加小白菜产量、提高小白菜品质,且不同配施处理下小白菜的硝酸盐含量均未超出我国蔬菜硝酸盐限量标准.因此,本研究条件下,湖泊底泥以637.0 t/hm2和无机肥N360P180K270配施为小白菜高产优质的环境安全施用量.  相似文献   

2.
张蓉  花日茂  孙凯  刘刚 《土壤通报》2008,39(2):398-401
研究对巢湖地区巢湖闸口水域五个点的底泥重金属含量进行采样并用原子光度吸收测定了样品重金属含量,用潜在危害的方法对底泥重金属污染作了评价,并对各种重金属的毒性作了分析。结果表明重金属的含量最高为大闸口处,而镉含量最高为水泥厂排污口。潜在毒性分析表明闸口处底泥所测重金属中镉含量已经造成很强的生态危害,尽管其他重金属的污染评价均是轻微危害,但仍然需引起足够的重视。  相似文献   

3.
通过监测蒲河水质的部分指标,包括底泥的pH、有机质含量、重金属(主要铜、锌、铅、铬、镉)等,使用OPT-MA3000全谱等离子体直读光谱仪对重金属含量进行测定,并运用模糊综合评价方法对蒲河水体底泥进行了综合评价。结果发现:底泥中有机质含量比较低;蒲河水体底泥状况属于污染严重级别;Cr的污染明显超标;蒲河水体底泥受到了Cr、Pb、Zn、Cu这4种重金属的复合污染。  相似文献   

4.
草海湖湿地重金属分布特征及污染负荷   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
该文测定了草海湿地土壤和草海表层沉积物中7种毒性重金属的含量,对比研究了重金属元素含量的时空变异特征,同时应用单因子污染指数法和污染负荷指数法对底泥、沼泽草地、农用地和林地土壤中重金属污染进行了评价。结果表明:本研究中7种重金属中,Cd,Zn,Hg含量明显高于贵州省土壤背景值,重金属Cd和Zn分布特征为:底泥农用地沼泽草地林地;Cr的分布特征为:沼泽草地林地农用地底泥;Pb和Cu含量的分布特征为:农用地底泥沼泽草地林地;Hg的分布特征为:底泥沼泽草地农用地林地;As的分布特征为:林地农用地沼泽草地底泥;草海湖周边的农用地和沼泽湿地中Cd,Hg达到重污染程度,Zn为中度污染,Pb和As为轻度污染。草海底泥中Cd,Hg和Zn达到重污染水平,其余4种重金属尚未构成污染;草海底泥重金属污染水平为中等污染,枯水期污染略重,且靠近湖心的采样点污染较重,3个采样区都呈现距岸边越远污染越重的趋势。草海湿地底泥重金属污染较重,农用地次之,沼泽草地再次,林地无重金属污染。研究可为草海湿地重金属污染放置与治理提供基础数据。  相似文献   

5.
黄河三角洲芦苇湿地不同水期土壤-植被重金属分布特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
ICP-AES法研究了黄河三角洲湿地平水期(4月)、丰水期(8月)和枯水期(10月)土壤和植被重金属(Hg,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd和Cr)含量分布特征,并分析了土壤和植被重金属含量的关系。结果表明:(1)黄河三角洲芦苇湿地表土和底泥Hg,Cu,Zn平均含量变化呈递减趋势,依次表现出:平水期丰水期枯水期,不同时期土壤重金属Hg,Cu,Zn含量均表现为表土底泥;黄河三角洲芦苇湿地表土和底泥Pb,Cd和Cr平均含量变化呈递增趋势,依次表现出:枯水期丰水期平水期,并且不同时期土壤重金属Pb,Cd和Cr含量均表现为底泥表土,局部有所波动,综合分析可知,黄河三角洲芦苇湿地平水期的Hg,Cu,Zn污染最严重,枯水期Pb,Cd和Cr污染最严重;(2)黄河三角洲芦苇湿地表土重金属Hg,Cu,Zn含量高于底泥,表土重金属Pb,Cd和Cr含量低于底泥;(3)黄河三角洲芦苇湿地植被重金属Hg,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd和Cr含量均显著高于土壤(p0.05),说明植被的吸收作用在土壤重金属污染中起着关键作用;(4)主成分分析表明黄河三角洲芦苇湿地土壤中Hg和Zn含量、植被中Pb和Cd的含量变化是黄河三角洲芦苇湿地的重金属污染主要影响因子;相关性分析表明,植被体内的重金属含量主要来自和依赖于土壤重金属含量,同时植被对于土壤各重金属的吸收也保持一定的独立性。  相似文献   

6.
采用盆栽试验,探讨了湖泊底泥与无机肥料配合施用对土壤化学性质和冬小麦籽粒重金属Cd的影响。结果表明,二者交互不同处理均能增加土壤养分含量,虽然重金属Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn含量有所增加,但土壤仍清洁或尚清洁,不同处理小麦籽粒中Cd含量未超出我国食品中重金属限量卫生标准,本试验条件下,湖泊底泥以200 t/hm^2和无机肥料以150 kg/hm^2(尿素)+150 kg/hm^2(磷酸二铵)配合施用为安全经济施肥量。  相似文献   

7.
流域底泥重金属分布特征及其生态风险评价   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
为了研究流域底泥重金属分布特征及成因,以潇河流域为研究区,利用原子吸收分光光度法测定底泥中6种重金属(Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr,Pb,Ni)的含量,分析了重金属污染特征及其成因,并采用潜在生态风险指数法评价了潇河流域底泥中重金属的潜在生态危害系数和危害指数。结果表明,正常淤积下,流域底泥重金属含量呈中上游流域高,下游流域低的趋势;非正常淤积下,如河道起伏不定,河流有新的污染物注入等,便会表现出下游高于上游的分布特征。就其成因来讲,流域底泥重金属含量受河流水质的影响较大,运用主成分分析(PCA)得出水质参数与重金属分布的关系。对潇河流域表层底泥中重金属的复合污染状况评价结果为:CdPbNiCuCrZn。  相似文献   

8.
千岛湖底泥重金属污染的生态风险评价   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
水体底泥污染是世界范围内的一个环境问题,污染物通过大气沉降、废水排放、雨水淋溶与冲刷等途径进入水体,最后沉积到底泥中并逐渐富集,使底泥受到污染。千岛湖不同监测点底泥Cu、Zn、M n、Pb、Cd、A s、Hg等重金属含量存在差异。大坝前、毛竹源和三潭岛监测点M n、A s和Hg含量较高。不同采样点,底泥重金属污染度有差异,表现为毛竹源>三潭岛>航头岛>茅头尖>大坝前>排岭水厂>街口,毛竹源测点底泥重金属污染风险最高,街口重金属污染风险最低。  相似文献   

9.
洞庭湖芦苇湿地不同水期土壤—植被重金属分布特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以洞庭湖芦苇湿地为例,连续2a采用ICP-AES法研究了平水期(4月)、丰水期(8月)和枯水期(10月)土壤和植被重金属(Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Cr)含量分布特征,并分析了土壤和植被重金属含量的关系。研究结果表明,(1)洞庭湖芦苇湿地表土和底泥Hg、Cu、Zn平均含量变化呈递减趋势,依次表现出平水期丰水期枯水期,不同时期土壤重金属Hg、Cu、Zn含量均表现为表土底泥;洞庭湖芦苇湿地表土和底泥Pb、Cd和Cr平均含量变化呈递增趋势,依次表现出枯水期丰水期平水期,并且不同时期土壤重金属Pb、Cd和Cr含量均表现为底泥表土,局部有所波动,综合分析可知,洞庭湖芦苇湿地平水期的Hg、Cu、Zn污染最严重,枯水期Pb、Cd和Cr污染最严重。(2)洞庭湖芦苇湿地表土重金属Hg、Cu、Zn含量高于底泥,表土重金属Pb、Cd和Cr含量低于底泥。(3)洞庭湖芦苇湿地植被重金属Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Cr含量均显著高于土壤(P0.05),说明植被的吸收作用在土壤重金属污染中起着关键作用。(4)主成分分析表明,洞庭湖芦苇湿地土壤中Hg和Zn含量、植被中Pb和Cd的含量变化是洞庭湖芦苇湿地的重金属污染主要影响因子;相关性分析表明,植被体内的重金属含量主要来自和依赖于土壤重金属含量,同时植被对于土壤各重金属的吸收也保持一定的独立性。  相似文献   

10.
芦苇对白洋淀底泥重金属污染程度的影响效应研究   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13  
取白洋淀底泥制成3种不同厚度的基质种植芦苇,另外设置不含底泥的麦地土壤和旱地芦苇土壤,定期对基质采样,测定底泥中重金属Cu,Cd,Pb,Zn浓度并进行比较分析。试验表明,底泥和供试麦地土壤和芦苇土壤已受到重金属Cu,Cd,Pb,Zn不同程度污染;Cd浓度均已超过全国土壤质量三级标准,分别为1.35~1.59mg/kg和1.078~1.16mg/kg,污染程度严重。其次为Pb和Zn,Cu为轻微污染。随着芦苇的生长,底泥和麦地及芦苇土壤中大部分重金属浓度呈不同程度下降趋势,表明芦苇对有害重金属有一定抗性和富集作用,旨在为底泥污染治理提供科学依据。  相似文献   

11.
对巢湖湖区不同位点的表层沉积物中的Fe、Cr、Pb、Cu、Co、Zn、Ni7种重金属含量进行的分析表明,湖泊沉积物中重金属含量分布呈现一定的区域特征,由于巢湖西半湖靠近合肥市区,大量的工业废水和生活污水通过河道排入巢湖,引起西半湖区中重金属含量高于东半湖区。采用富集因子法和地积累指数法对巢湖沉积物重金属污染现状进行了评价,结果表明,巢湖沉积物中存在Pb、Cu污染,个别地区已相当严重,并呈现沿湖心区至东半湖区逐渐降低趋势。研究表明,两种方法均能对人为污染行为做出较为科学的评价,且两种方法得到的评价结果基本一致。由于重金属元素有很强的毒性,并且能够在食物链中传递,有关部门应及早从流域环境综合规划入手,对重金属污染问题采取有力的控制对策,保护沿湖地区居民免受危害。此外,对巢湖表层沉积物中重金属污染物来源进行了初步分析,据分析结果判断,巢湖沉积物中重金属总量Co、Fe、Cr的来源相似,Zn和Cu的来源相似。  相似文献   

12.
Boyle  J. F.  Rose  N. L.  Bennion  H.  Yang  H.  Appleby  P. G. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1999,112(1-2):21-40
There is growing concern about the environmental impact of rapid economic growth in China. The problem is compounded by the scarcity of baseline data on the state of China's natural environment. As a step towards solving this problem, palaeolimnological methods have been applied to seven lakes in the Jianghan Plain, China, to evaluate recent changes in human impact. Lake sediment cores show enhanced concentrations of fossil fuel derived spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCP) and Pb at all sites across the Jianghan Plain. The distribution of these industrial contaminants shows the overwhelming influence of the industrial cities. Wuhan dominates the fossil fuel derived pollution, while the copper smelter at Daye dominates the heavy metal pollution. Analysis of sediment diatom assemblages indicates mean total phosphorus concentrations of greater than 40 μg L-1 P in the lakes of the more intensely agricultural western part of the Jianghan Plain. The sediment concentration profiles for biogenic elements at these sites indicates a post-1960 eutrophication. Evidence for eutrophication in the eastern lakes is much weaker, though some evidence is present at all sites. The tracers of industrial pollution (Pb and SCP) correlate with Mn in the many of the lake sediments. This is compatible with both soil acidification, and soil gleyification due to intensified rice production.  相似文献   

13.
Çelo  V.  Babi  D.  Baraj  B.  Çullaj  A. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1999,111(1-4):235-250
  相似文献   

14.
通过对表层沉积物中重金属及粒度的分析,研究了荣成天鹅湖重金属的含量水平及分布特征,并对沉积物的环境质量进行了初步评价。结果表明,天鹅湖重金属的总体水平较低,Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn的平均含量均低于国家海洋沉积物I类质量标准,其中Cr和Pb存在轻度污染。Cd、Cr、Ni、Pb、Cu、Zn的含量范围分别为0~0.84、1.75~116.11、1.50~29.06、17.36~27.25、2.00~34.98mg.kg-1和11.48~92.61mg.kg-1,平均含量排序为Zn〉Cr〉Pb〉Cu、Ni〉Cd。天鹅湖重金属的富集状况与沉积物的粒度以及人类活动密切相关,大部分元素的高值区出现在颗粒较细的湖中央以及污染严重的西北部,东南部含量较低。相关分析表明,各重金属之间的相关性较好,其中Cd、Cu、Mn、Zn、Fe间呈高度的正相关,空间分布规律相似;重金属与有机质、粘粒含量呈极显著正相关,而与砂粒呈极显著负相关。根据加拿大制定的沉积物评价标准,天鹅湖沉积物中Cr具有较大的生态危害性。  相似文献   

15.
We investigated sediments from 23 lakes situated in northeastern Poland and analyzed them for major constituents and selected heavy metals. Short sediment cores were collected from the deepest parts of the lakes, and subsequently, a surface layer (0-2?cm) and reference layer (50-52?cm) were sampled from each. In the collected samples, the content of the major constituents (organic matter, carbonates, and minerogenic material) and chosen heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) was analyzed. In the reference layer, representing natural metal content, we identified quite a substantial diversity among lakes, making it difficult to pinpoint one geochemical background value for the whole region. A multivariate analysis of the interrelationships among elements and a comparison of the median values revealed no statistically significant differences between surface and reference levels. The ratio of the mean content in the surface and reference sediments ranged from 0.9 to 1.6, indicating the lack of or only slight anthropogenic pollution in surface sediments. From a spatial perspective, higher metal contents were observed in the eastern part of the study area, but this trend manifested in both surface and reference sediments. Thus, the inference is that the recently accumulated sediments are characterized by a content that is representative of the natural geochemical background for the selected metals.  相似文献   

16.
2008年3月至7月连续对巢湖8个采样点的表层沉积物中Zn、Hg、Cr、Pb、Ni和Cu6种重金属含量进行分析,据此探讨巢湖表层沉积物中重金属污染程度及时空分布特征,评价巢湖重金属污染的潜在生态风险并筛选出主要生态风险因子。结果表明:3月至7月期间,全湖范围内表层沉积物中重金属含量逐渐降低,河流入湖区的污染程度高于其他区域,Zn、Cu、Pb的污染程度高于其他重金属,表层12cm沉积物中的重金属含量随深度增加污染情况呈加重趋势;从潜在生态风险角度分析,巢湖表层沉积物总体只具有轻微潜在生态风险,生态风险指数排名前两位的区域是南淝河入湖区和十五里河入湖区,3月至7月期间重金属潜在生态风险级别逐渐降低,巢湖生态安全主要风险因子为Hg,其次是Pb和Cu。  相似文献   

17.
Impacts of heavy metal concentrations in sediments on the gastropod community structure were assessed in the coastal waters of Dumai, Sumatra, Indonesia. The objective of this study was to relate the levels of heavy metal pollution with the changes of gastropod community structure in the study area. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Fe in surface sediments collected from five sampling stations were analyzed and correlated with the abundance, species richness, and diversity of gastropod populations. Sediments at stations with more anthropogenic activities accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals and consequently displayed lower abundances, lower species richness and diversity; while stations with lower heavy metal concentrations in sediments showed the opposite pattern in gastropod community metrics. The above findings are complemented by significant negative correlations p?<?0.05–0.01) between concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni in the sediments and gastropod abundance and species richness. Among the metals analyzed, Cu and Zn had strongest negative correlations with the gastropod diversity which suggests that these metals may be the most detrimental to gastropod populations in the mangrove area of Dumai coastal waters.  相似文献   

18.

Purpose  

The evaluation of long-term heavy metal concentrations in the Gulf of Palermo (Italy) has been carried out in order to investigate how changes of pollution levels in the last 50 years can be reflected in marine sediments. Measurements of Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn concentrations were performed on dated fractions of a sediment core. Time series analysis has allowed to obtain information on the chronology of the heavy metal pollution of the area and to identify seasonal components and trends.  相似文献   

19.
Elevated levels of Ni, Cu, and Zn are present in surficial sediments of lakes in the Sudbury region of northeastern Ontario. Metal concentrations in sediments were highest in lakes closest to local smelters, and decreased rapidly with distance: equations are presented describing these relationships. Several fish species were collected from a series of these metal-contaminated lakes, and analyzed for metal content of muscle, liver, and kidney tissues. Muscle tissue was a poor indicator of increased metal availability. Liver tissue was a good indicator for Cu, while kidney tissue was best for Ni. Zinc levels in tissues varried little among either fish species or lakes. The presence of elevated levels of Cu in liver, and elevated levels of Ni in liver and kidney tissues of fish from certain lakes supported the hypothesis that some fish populations were being stressed by metal additions to local aquatic habitats. Although the degree of lake contamination (as indicated by Cu concentrations in sediments) was one factor influencing Cu availability, water quality parameters such as alkalinity and DOC also appeared to be very important.  相似文献   

20.
湿地沉积物重金属环境化学行为研究进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
湿地沉积物重金属污染是当前环境科学领域的研究热点.本文在简要回顾国内外湿地沉积物中重金属污染研究成果的基础上,从湿地沉积物重金属来源、形态组成及提取方法、重金属在沉积物-水界面的迁移转化、质量基准以及风险评价等方面综述了当前国内外研究的最新进展,并提出了该领域未来可能的研究方向.认为针对湿地沉积物重金属向水体释放引起的二次污染问题,应重点对湿地沉积物重金属的环境化学行为展开深入研究,在研究方法和研究手段上应注重新技术的开发与应用.  相似文献   

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