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1.
红壤地区三种不同母质发育土壤的水分特性差异   总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13  
对红壤地区玄武岩母质发育的红粘泥、第四纪古红土发育的黄筋泥以及与黄筋泥交叉分布的红砂土等 3种土壤在不同利用条件下的持水、供水特征进行研究 ,结果表明 ,土壤持水和供水的总体特征主要受土壤母质的控制 ;3种土壤对植物的最大有效水分含量差异明显 ,并且土壤种类之间的差异大于同一土壤不同利用方式下的差异 ;土壤利用方式的不同则使低吸力段水分状况存在明显差异 ,从而改变其旱作土壤的通气状况  相似文献   

2.
红壤的供氮能力及化肥氮的去向   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14  
采用盆栽试验 ,研究了由第四纪红色黏土和红砂岩发育的不同侵蚀程度红壤以及施用有机或无机肥 1 0年以上培肥的红壤在不加外源氮肥条件下的自然供氮能力 ,以及施用1 5N肥源后肥料氮在土壤 -作物系统中的去向。结果表明 :红砂岩发育红壤 (红砂土 )的矿化量和供氮量显著高于第四纪红黏土 (红黏土 ) ,同一母质中轻度侵蚀红壤的矿化量和供氮量又显著高于重度侵蚀红壤。培肥后红壤的矿化量和供氮量显著提高 ,其中有机培肥红壤高于无机培肥红壤。侵蚀红壤的氮肥利用率低 ,土壤残留氮率较高 ,氮肥损失率不大 ,其中红砂土的氮肥残留率明显低于红黏土 ,而氮肥损失率却显著高于红黏土。培肥后红壤的氮肥利用率明显增加 ,其中有机培肥红壤的氮肥利用率和残留率显著高于无机培肥的红壤 ,而氮肥损失率却明显低于无机培肥红壤。  相似文献   

3.
旱地红壤与红壤性水稻土水分特性分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对低丘红壤地区红壤性水稻土(黄筋泥田)和旱地红壤(黄筋泥)及不同利用方式下土壤的持水和供水特征进行了研究.结果表明,与红壤性水稻土相比,旱地红壤持水供水能力弱;红壤性水稻土各样品之间持水和释水能力的差异与有机质的变化相似,在红壤地区,培肥土壤有利于提高土壤抗旱能力,土壤利用方式不同改变了土壤孔隙的分布状况,使旱地红壤在低吸力段土壤的水分特征存在明显差异.  相似文献   

4.
古国裁  范盛萍  裴德安 《土壤》1961,4(1):14-16
红砂土是红砂岩发育的红壤旱地。在江西除红土层发育的红胶土(粘质红壤)外,红砂土分布较厂,其中以高安等地利用时间较长,群众的经验也最丰富。  相似文献   

5.
选取赣南地区不同植被覆盖下的花岗岩、红砂岩、第四纪红黏土发育形成的红壤为研究对象,利用原状土冲刷水槽法研究红壤的抗冲性。试验结果表明:(1)赣南地区不同植被覆盖下土壤在抗冲过程初期抗冲系数缓慢增大,然后随冲刷时间延长呈波浪式变化。从总体趋势分析,在整个冲刷过程中抗冲系数随时间呈逐渐增强的趋势;(2)以裸地来比较不同母质发育的红壤的抗冲系数,从小到大的顺序是花岗岩土壤红砂岩土壤第四纪红色黏土;(3)植被通过根系增强了土壤的抗冲性能,不同植被覆盖的土壤抗冲性一般表现为以下规律:裸地灌草地林草地。探讨赣南红壤抗冲性的动态规律以及母质和植被对土壤抗冲性的影响,为完善土壤抗侵蚀的理论研究提供了基础数据,对于更有效地控制水土流失、保护和改善生态环境具有理论和实践意义。  相似文献   

6.
四种不同母质发育的红壤水分状况研究   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
李成亮  何园球  熊又升  杨芳 《土壤》2004,36(3):310-317
在相同的地形和气候条件下,研究了我国东南部地区红砂岩、花岗岩、玄武岩和第四纪红粘土发育的4种典型红壤水分状况及其透水性能。结果表明,4种红壤的持水和透水性能存在不同程度差异,其原因是不同成土母质的土壤机械组成、土壤结构的变化造成的。除玄武岩和红砂岩发育红壤的某些层外,其他土壤各层的土壤渗漏量不随时间变化而变化。4种土壤含水量的年动态变化一般可划分为3个时期:土壤湿润期、土壤水分耗竭期和土壤水分恢复期,但不同年份的时间划分也不尽相同。  相似文献   

7.
江西红壤在系统分类中的参比特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
《土壤通报》2019,(5):1009-1015
在江西省选取了由花岗岩、泥页岩和红砂岩发育的46个典型红壤剖面,在明确剖面形态特征及理化性质的基础上,依据《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》确定了其在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,由此讨论了不同纬度带下,红壤与中国土壤系统分类单元参比关系以及气候和母质对所划分出的系统分类单元的影响。结果表明,46个典型红壤共划分为3个土纲、3个亚纲、6个土类和14个亚类,其中江西省纬度28°N以北主要归属于湿润淋溶土,26°N以南主要归属于湿润富铁土,26°~28°N赣中地区,花岗岩发育的土壤主要归属于湿润富铁土,发育于泥页岩、红砂岩的典型红壤主要归属于湿润雏形土。  相似文献   

8.
[目的] 在南方红壤侵蚀区不同母质发育红壤上种植和筛选适宜生长的连翘属植物生长特性,旨在为连翘资源的规模扩大和推广种植提供科学依据。[方法] 以连翘、金钟花和垂枝连翘为试材,通过人工控水试验在3种母质红壤(花岗岩红壤、红砂岩红壤和第四纪红壤)设计3个水分处理(20 cm深度处土壤基质势控制在-5,-20,-35 kPa),研究不同母质和水分条件对3种连翘属植物生长的影响规律。[结果] ①在3种水分处理条件下,花岗岩红壤种植的连翘属植物,其灌水次数和灌水量最少;第四纪红壤种植的连翘属植物,在-5 kPa水分条件下,其灌水量和灌水次数,与红砂岩红壤相同,在-20 kPa和-35 kPa水分条件下,均高于红砂岩红壤。②土壤水分和土壤类型均显著影响连翘属植物的生长发育,而连翘品种之间却无显著差异;除了土壤水分—连翘品种的交互作用对枝条长度无显著影响外,其他土壤类型、土壤水分、连翘品种之间的双因素交互作用,对连翘属植物生长指标均具有极显著影响。3种连翘属植物中,在高水分条件下(-5 kPa),连翘、金钟花在红砂岩红壤上生长最佳,垂枝连翘在第四纪红壤上生长最佳;随着水分含量下降(-20 kPa和-35 kPa),3种连翘属植物均在第四纪红壤上生长得更好。[结论] 在适宜水分条件下(20 cm深度处土壤基质势>-35 kPa),连翘、金钟花和垂枝连翘在南方红砂岩红壤和第四纪红壤上引种种植是可行的。  相似文献   

9.
不同母质红壤坡面产流产沙特征比较   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3  
采用人工模拟降雨的方法,研究花岗岩、第四纪红黏土、红砂岩3种母质发育的红壤坡面产流产沙特征差异。结果表明:(1)地表产流方面,3种母质红壤地表产流时间为花岗岩红壤红砂岩红壤第四纪红壤,总径流量和场均产流速率均为花岗岩红壤红砂岩红壤第四纪红壤,其中45mm/h条件下花岗岩红壤的地表径流量为红砂岩和第四纪红壤的1.79~2.47倍,场均产流速率为后者的1.58~2.32倍。(2)地表产沙方面,在45mm/h条件下,场均泥沙浓度为第四纪红壤花岗岩红壤红砂岩红壤;135mm/h条件下,场均泥沙浓度为花岗岩红壤红砂岩红壤第四纪红壤。雨强对红壤坡面产沙的影响较大,135mm/h条件下的泥沙浓度为45mm/h条件下的8.31~11.32倍。(3)径流组成方面,3种母质红壤中壤中流所占径流比最高为第四纪红黏土发育的红壤,在2种雨强条件下为8%~44%。雨强越大,地表汇流越明显;135mm/h条件下,红壤坡面地表径流量可达到总径流的79%~90%。(4)壤中流产流方面,壤中流产流时间顺序与地表产流一致,均为花岗岩红壤红砂岩红壤第四纪红壤,花岗岩红壤的壤中流量最小,仅为第四纪红壤的53%~67%,峰值为后者的42%~52%;对于红壤而言,停雨后的壤中流消退过程可以用指数函数方程进行预测,在所有试验条件下,其决定系数均在0.82以上,表明具有较好的预测性。  相似文献   

10.
富里酸对红壤酸度的改良及酸化阻控效果   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用采自安徽由第四纪红色黏土发育的红壤(红黏土)和采自江西由第三纪红砂岩发育的红壤(红砂土)进行室内培养试验,研究了添加富里酸对红壤酸度的改良效果和红壤酸化的阻控效果。结果表明,添加富里酸显著提高了两种土壤的pH,并且随着富里酸添加量的增加对土壤pH的提升效果逐渐增加,添加50g/kg富里酸处理红黏土和红砂土的土壤pH分别由对照的4.31和4.69提高至5.91和5.97。添加富里酸也提高了两种土壤的pH缓冲容量(pHBC),因而提高了土壤的抗酸化能力。与土壤pH的变化趋势相似,富里酸对土壤pHBC的提升效果也随其加入量的增加而增加。添加50 g/kg富里酸时,红黏土和红砂土的pHBC分别由对照的20.73和7.78 mmol/(kg×pH)提高至35.31和23.30 mmol/(kg×pH),分别比对照提高了0.70倍和1.99倍。添加富里酸不仅可以有效改良红壤酸度,还可以提高红壤的抗酸化能力。富里酸对红砂土酸化的阻控效果明显优于对红黏土。  相似文献   

11.
Central Brazil is the region with the most dynamic agriculture expansion worldwide, where tropical forests and Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) are converted to pastures and crop fields. Following deforestation, agricultural practices, such as fertilization, tillage and crop rotations, alter soil parameters and affect microbial abundances and the C and N cycles. The objective of this study was to compare changes in soil fertility, stocks of soil C and N, microbial biomass, and abundance of bacteria, fungi and archaea in Cerrado soils following land use change to crops (soybean/corn/cotton) and pasture (the perennial forage grass Brachiaria brizantha A. Rich.). Agriculture increased soil fertility and conserved soil C and N since their absolute concentration values were highest in agriculture soils and the C and N stocks adjusted by soil density were similar to the native vegetation soils. At the same time, agriculture changed the microbial abundances (decrease of microbial biomass C and N, increase of archaea, and reduction of bacteria and fungi at the crop sites), and N dynamics (increase of soil ammonium and nitrate concentrations). Even if these changes can be beneficial for food and agricultural commodities production, all these soil alterations should be further investigated due to their possible unknown effects on biosphere–hydrosphere–atmosphere exchange processes such as greenhouse gases emissions and nitrate leaching.  相似文献   

12.
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid butyl ester (2,4-D butyl ester) is extensively applied for weed control in cultivation fields in China, but its effect on soil microbial community remains obscure. This study investigated the microbial response to 2,4-D butyl ester application at different concentrations (CK, 10, 100 and 1000 μg g?1) in the soils with two fertility levels, using soil dilution plate method and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Culturable microorganisms were affected by the herbicide in both soils, particularly at the higher concentration. After treating soil with 100 μg g?1 herbicide, culturable bacteria and actinomycetes were significantly higher, compared to other treatments. Treatment of soil with 1000 μg g?1 2,4-D butyl ester caused a decline in culturable microbial counts, with the exception of fungal numbers, which increased over the incubation time. PLFA profiles showed that fatty acids for Gram-negative (GN) bacteria, Gram-positive (GP) bacteria, total bacteria and total fungi, as well as total PLFAs, varied with herbicide concentration for both soil samples. As herbicide concentration increased, the GN/GP ratio decreased dramatically in the two soils. The higher stress level was in the treatments with high concentrations of herbicide (1000 μg g?1) for both soils. Principal component analysis of PLFAs showed that the addition of 2,4-D butyl ester significantly shifted the microbial community structure in the two soils. These results showed that the herbicide 2,4-D butyl ester might have substantial effects on microbial population and microbial community structure in agricultural soils. In particular, the effects of 2,4-D butyl ester were greater in soil with low organic matter and fertility level than in soil with high organic matter and fertility level.  相似文献   

13.
土壤微生物种群类型,对土壤质量和作物生长具有重要影响,研究寡糖对土壤微生物种群的影响特征,有助于正确、高效及安全使用寡糖。本研究利用人工气候室进行土壤培养,土壤施加50mg·L−1的壳寡糖(CSOS)和纤维寡糖(COS)溶液,以清水(CK)为对照处理,培养6d后取样,利用高通量测序技术,分析土壤微生物群落结构组成及多样性分布特征。结果表明:壳寡糖(CSOS)和纤维寡糖(COS)处理均显著改变细菌、真菌的群落结构,提高细菌的物种观测数。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为优势细菌门,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)为优势真菌门。通过组间群落组成比较分析可知,壳寡糖(CSOS)和纤维寡糖(COS)处理均不同程度降低酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)的相对丰度,增加变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)以及有益菌属溶杆菌属(Lysobacter)、硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)、Haliangium、芽球菌属(Blastococcus)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces)的相对丰度,但与纤维寡糖(COS)相比,壳寡糖(CSOS)处理微生物群落组成的变化幅度更大。此外,壳寡糖(CSOS)和纤维寡糖(COS)处理在调节土壤微生物群落结构上存在一定差异。其中,壳寡糖(CSOS)处理有益菌属Talaromyces的相对丰度增加195%,纤维寡糖(COS)处理有益菌属假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)的相对丰度增加215%。综上,壳寡糖和纤维寡糖处理均能优化土壤微生物群落的结构组成,其调控差异性有助于理解不同寡糖的调控机制,推动寡糖的应用与推广。  相似文献   

14.
蚕豆根分泌物对紫色土有效养分及微生物数量的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为培育紫色土肥力和合理利用蚕豆资源,本研究首先通过溶液培养法收集到蚕豆根系分泌物后,并通过真空旋转蒸发仪得到浓缩液,然后通过室内土壤培养试验,即分别在3种60 g紫色土(酸性紫色土、碱性紫色土和中性紫色土)添加2个水平[6 m L(低量)和12 m L(高量)]的蚕豆根系分泌物浓缩液,并置于25℃恒温箱中黑暗培养15 d,从而探索蚕豆根系分泌物对不同紫色土有效养分和微生物数量的影响。结果表明:在3种紫色土上,与对照相比,添加低量和高量蚕豆根系分泌物浓缩液后,土壤碱解氮含量和p H均显著降低;而土壤有效磷、速效钾、有效铁、有效锌含量和微生物数量均显著增加,且此趋势随根系分泌物浓缩液添加量增加而增强。与其他两种紫色土相比,酸性紫色土添加蚕豆根系分泌物浓缩液对于土壤碱解氮含量和p H的降低效应最明显,对土壤中细菌和真菌数量增加效应更为显著,与对照相比,增幅分别为-32.00%、-4.51%、3.51倍和9.00倍。与其他两种紫色土相比,碱性紫色土添加高量蚕豆根系分泌物浓缩液对土壤有效磷、速效钾、有效锌和有效铁含量活化效应最强,分别是对照的4.48倍、2.04倍、147.10%和128.00%。在中性紫色土上,添加高量蚕豆根系分泌物浓缩液对以上土壤有效养分和土壤微生物数量的影响介于酸性紫色土和碱性紫色土之间。总之,蚕豆根系分泌物对不同紫色土土壤有效养分(土壤碱解氮和p H除外)和土壤微生物活性有不同促进效应,这对于紫色土肥力培育有深远影响。  相似文献   

15.
黄土丘陵沟壑区典型林地土壤微生物、酶活性和养分特征   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
刘钊  魏天兴  朱清科  陈珏  赵彦敏 《土壤》2016,48(4):705-713
通过对陕西吴起县黄土沟壑区退耕还林地不同林分(沙棘、刺槐、油松、小叶杨)根际与非根际土壤养分、酶活性和微生物特征进行研究,比较4种典型林分及退耕草地“根际效应”及根际对养分的截留效应,评价根际效应对土壤特性产生不同改良效果,为黄土沟壑区退耕地人工林科学选择造林树种提供理论支持。研究表明:1根际与非根际土壤中有机质含量、有效磷含量、碱解氮含量和速效钾含量表现出显著差异,有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量均呈现明显的根际聚集现象。2根际土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性总体高于非根际,仅油松样地中过氧化氢酶活性和小叶杨样地中脲酶活性根际低于非根际。3根际土壤中脲酶活性与细菌和真菌数量相关性达到显著水平,过氧化氢酶活性与真菌相关性达到显著水平;有机质含量与细菌、放线菌数量和脲酶活性相关性达到显著水平;碱解氮、有效磷含量均与细菌、真菌数量和脲酶活性相关性达到显著水平。在非根际土壤中,土壤养分含量与土壤微生物、土壤酶活性的相关性明显降低。4从土壤肥力综合水平看,根际土壤肥力水平综合得分总体上大于非根际土壤,其中根际土壤中沙棘小叶杨油松刺槐草地。沙棘能大幅度提高土壤肥力,具有较好的土壤改良效果。  相似文献   

16.
The role has been studied of Gram-negative bacteria in the destruction of polymers widely spread in soils: chitin and cellulose. The introduction of chitin had no positive effect on the population density of Gram-negative bacteria, but it advanced the date of their appearance: the maximum population density of Gram-negative bacteria was recorded not on the 7th?C15th day as in the control but much earlier, on the 3rd?C7th day of the experiment. Consequently, the introduction of chitin as an additional source of nutrition promoted revealing of the Gram-negative bacteria already at the early stages of the succession. In the course of the succession, when the fungal mycelium begins to die off, the actinomycetic mycelium increases in length, i.e., Gram-negative bacteria are replaced at this stage with Gram-positive ones, the leading role among which belongs to actinomycetes. The growth rate of Gram-negative bacteria is higher than that of actinomycetes, so they start chitin utilization at the early stages of the succession, whereas actinomycetes dominate at the late stages. The population density of Gram-negative bacteria was lower under the anaerobic conditions as compared with that in the aerobic ones. The population density of Gram-negative bacteria in the lower layer of the A horizon and in the B horizon was slightly higher only in the case of the chitin introduction. When cellulose was introduced into the soil under aerobic conditions, the population density of Gram-negative bacteria in all the layers of the A horizon was maximal from the 14th to the 22nd day of the experiment. Cellulose was utilized in the soil mostly by fungi, and this was suggested by the increase of the length of the fungal mycelium. Simultaneously, an increase in the length of the actinomycetal mycelium was observed, as these organisms also perform cellulose hydrolysis in soils. The Gram-negative bacteria began to develop at the stage of the fungal mycelium destruction, which indirectly confirmed the chitinolytic activity of these bacteria.  相似文献   

17.
《Applied soil ecology》2009,41(3):499-509
Redox states affect substrate availability and energy transformation, and, thus, play a crucial role in regulating soil microbial abundance, diversity, and community structure. We evaluated microbial communities in soils under oxic, intermittent, and anoxic conditions along a river floodplain continuum using fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and 16S rRNA genes-based terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) bacterial fingerprints. In all the soils tested, microbial communities clustered according to soil redox state by both evaluation techniques. Bacteria were dominant components of soil microbial communities, while mycorrhizal fungi composed about 12% of the microbial community in the oxic soils. Gram-positive bacteria consisted >10% of the community in all soils tested and their abundance increased with increasing soil depth when shifting from oxic to anoxic conditions. In the anoxic soils, Gram-positive bacteria composed about 16% of the total community, suggesting that their growth and maintenance were not as sensitive to oxygen supply as for other microbes. In general, microorganisms were more abundant and diverse, and distributed more evenly in the oxic layers than the anoxic layers. The decrease in abundance with increasing oxygen and substrate limitation, however, was considerably more drastic than the decrease in diversity, suggesting that growth of soil microorganisms is more energy demanding than maintenance. The lower diversity in the anoxic than the oxic soils was attributed primarily to the differences in oxygen availability in these soils.  相似文献   

18.
The enzymatic activity; the microbial population; and the intensities of the nitrification, ammonification, CO2emission, and cellulose decomposition were studied in gray-brown, meadow-sierozemic, meadow-forest alluvial, and yellow (zheltozem) gley soils in the subtropical zone of Azerbaijan under natural vegetation, crop rotation systems with vegetables, and permanent vegetable crops. On this basis, the biological diagnostics of these soils were suggested and the soil ecological health was evaluated. It was shown that properly chosen crop rotation systems on irrigated lands make it possible to preserve the fertility of the meadow-forest alluvial and zheltozem-gley soils and to improve the fertility of the gray-brown and meadow-sierozemic soils.  相似文献   

19.
为了从土壤生物学角度评价太湖地区不同栽培条件下蔬菜塑料大棚土壤肥力与质量,该研究调查了江苏省宜兴市不同蔬菜品种、不同栽培年限、不同栽培方式及不同土壤深度的蔬菜塑料大棚土壤氮磷生物学特性.结果显示,土壤脲酶活性受不同蔬菜品种影响,栽种黄瓜的土壤脲酶活性显著小于栽种茄子的土壤.随着栽培年限的增加,土壤脲酶活性与氨氧化细菌数量明显增加.在种植同一种蔬菜(黄瓜)条件下,基质槽培下理化性状与部分生物学指标优于土壤栽培.蔬菜塑料大棚土壤脲酶活性与氨氧化细菌数量随着土壤深度的增加总体呈缓慢降低的趋势,中性磷酸酶活性随土壤深度增加先升高而后降低;与相同土层的露地土壤相比,蔬菜塑料大棚土壤理化性状逐渐恶化,土壤脲酶活性和氨氧化细菌数量相对较高.这些结果可以为该地区蔬菜塑料大棚土壤的可持续利用提供初步的土壤生物学依据.  相似文献   

20.
紫云英还田量对稻田土壤微生物数量及活度的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用田间小区试验,进行了紫云英不同翻压量对水稻不同生育期的土壤微生物数量和微生物活度的影响研究。结果表明,紫云英还田显著提高土壤微生物数量。以紫云英22 500 kg.hm-2配施当地大田化肥用量70%处理的土壤微生物数量最多;紫云英还田使土壤好气性细菌、真菌数量增加,放线菌数量减少。在早稻分蘖盛期好气性细菌,真菌数量升到最大,放线菌数量降到最低;紫云英翻压还田能提高微生物活度。以紫云英22 500 kg.hm-2配施当地大田化肥用量70%处理的微生物活度最强。  相似文献   

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