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《中国水土保持》2014,(3)
在修订后的《中华人民共和国水土保持法》颁布实施3周年之际,财政部、国家发展改革委、水利部、中国人民银行四部门联合下发通知,发布《水土保持补偿费征收使用管理办法》。这是继《中华人民共和国水土保持法》修订实施后,水土保持法制建设取得的又一重大成果,也是与水土保持法配套的重要法规。它的实施标志着我国水土保持生态补偿制度取得了重要突破,这是有关部门积极落实十八届三中全会关于加强生态文明制度建设的具体体现。《办法》的出台将全面规范水土保持补偿费征收使用管理,加快生产建设项目水土流失防治,推动我国水土保持预防保护工作再上新台阶。我们热烈祝贺《办法》的发布实施,期待各级水土保持部门在有关部门的大力支持下,在有关单位的配合下,积极探索,狠抓落实,使《办法》充分发挥作用,为十八大提出的加强生态文明建设、建设美丽中国作出积极贡献! 相似文献
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《中国水土保持》2014,(3):1-3
在修订后的《中华人民共和国水土保持法》颁布实施3周年之际,财政部、国家发展改革委、水利部、中国人民银行四部门联合下发通知,发布《水土保持补偿费征收使用管理办法》。这是继《中华人民共和国水土保持法》修订实施后,水土保持法制建设取得的又一重大成果,也是与水土保持法配套的重要法规。它的实施标志着我国水土保持生态补偿制度取得了重要突破,这是有关部门积极落实十八届三中全会关于加强生态文明制度建设的具体体现。《办法》的出台将全面规范水土保持补偿费征收使用管理,加快生产建设项目水土流失防治,推动我国水土保持预防保护工作再上新台阶。我们热烈祝贺《办法》的发布实施,期待各级水土保持部门在有关部门的大力支持下,在有关单位的配合下,积极探索,狠抓落实,使《办法》充分发挥作用,为十八大提出的加强生态文明建设、建设美丽中国作出积极贡献! 相似文献
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新水土保持法明确规定了水土保持补偿费制度,各省(区、市)现行的水土保持补偿费制度应根据新法在收费机理、费种名称、征收范围和标准等方面尽快地予以完善。在分析总结我国水土保持补偿费征收使用现状及存在问题的基础上,提出了贯彻新法的水土保持补偿费性质、征收范围与幅度、征收与使用管理等制度框架,并就补偿标准确定、计征方式选择、使用与管理等当前急需研究的主要问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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分析了四部委(财政部、国家发展改革委、水利部、中国人民银行)联合制定的《水土保持补偿费征收使用管理办法》在补偿费概念、内涵、征收、使用管理等方面的新变化、新要求,以及适用不同水土保持补偿费计征方式的生产建设项目类型、特点。结合实际提出了执行好该办法的几点建议:行政执法人员必须不断加强学习,更新观念,依法行政,科学计征,合法收费;按照开采量计征水土保持补偿费的情况比较复杂,应当多加研究;各省在制定实施办法时,可规定根据项目规模由上级水行政主管部门委托下级水行政主管部门代为征收水土保持补偿费。 相似文献
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水土保持设施补偿费的征收对保护生态环境、促进区域水土保持工作具有重要的作用,新《中华人民共和国水土保持法》实施后,更明确了其征收的法律依据,为基层从业人员开展工作提供了坚强的后盾。水土保持设施补偿费征收标准均由省一级人民政府制定,由于各省对水土保持设施补偿费的理解不同、经济发展水平不同,造成水土保持设施补偿费在名称、征收对象、收费标准上均不相同。通过对全国30个省(直辖市、自治区)水土保持设施补偿费征收制度的调查与分析,提出了个人对水土保持设施补偿费问题的看法,以期能为各省对水土保持设施补偿费征收标准文件进行修改时提供参考。 相似文献
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新水土保持法颁布实施后,各地水土保持条例或水土保持法实施办法等水土保持配套法规制度的建设情况将决定新水土保持法的贯彻落实是否到位、扎实。甘肃省在认真贯彻落实新水土保持法的同时,积极开展《甘肃省水土保持条例》制定工作,并于2012年10月1日正式施行;而后又结合实际陆续出台了《甘肃省水土保持行政处罚自由裁量权参照执行标准》《甘肃省水土保持补偿费征收使用管理办法》《关于制定水土保持补偿费收费标准的通知》等规范性文件,为贯彻落实新水土保持法打下了坚实的基础。介绍了配套制度的主要内容和特点,并对甘肃在推进水土保持配套法规制度建设中的做法进行了总结,主要有:加强组织领导,靠实工作责任;注重协调配合,形成工作合力;突出工作重点,分类加快推进;加大宣传力度,夯实社会基础。 相似文献
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新疆地区水土保持功能价值评估方法及生态服务价值估算 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
随着新疆维吾尔自治区经济社会的不断发展及资源开发力度的加大,一些生态补偿标准已不适应新的形势和需要。迫切需要重新制定新疆维吾尔自治区能源开发水土流失补偿费征收标准和使用管理办法,促进经济社会发展同水土保持生态环境相协调。结合新疆维吾尔自治区水土保持行政监督部门的实际工作,简要叙述了水土保持补偿的内涵与外延,分析了新疆维吾尔自治区水土流失现状及危害,比较了生态服务价值各种评估方法,并对新疆维吾尔自治区水土保持功能生态服务价值进行了估算,得出新疆维吾尔自治区水土保持功能生态服务价值为1 231亿元/a,也可据此为煤炭、石油和天然气的水土流失补偿费制定提供参考。 相似文献
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The mineralogical composition of the clay fraction and microfabrics of the cryogenic soil-loess sequences of the Middle and Late Pleistocene ages have been studied near the northern boundary of loess sediments on the East European Plain. Poorly ordered mixed-layered mica-smectitic minerals with different portions of smectitic layers predominate in the clay fraction; di-and trioctahedral hydromicas occupy the second place. The clay fraction also contains chlorite, clay-size quartz grains, and feldspars. Individual smectite is present in some of the samples. Interstadial chernozem-like paleosols are specified by the higher content of clay, the maximum concentration of smectitic layers in the mixed-layered minerals, and the presence of individual smectite. The clay fraction in the profiles of interglacial paleosols is sharply differentiated: in the eluvial part, it is depleted of smectite and enriched in kaolinite, hydromica, and clay-size quartz. These features allow us to suppose that interglacial paleosols were subjected to podzolization processes. According to the mineralogical indices, Middle Pleistocene paleosols can be differentiated into those subjected to lessivage (the Kamenskii interglacial paleosol) and podzolization (the Inzhavin interglacial paleosol). 相似文献
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Mitsuhiko A. Takahashi 《Biological conservation》2009,142(9):1958-1964
Japan has a variety of laws to conserve and manage wildlife and biodiversity. This article reviews Japanese laws from conservation of endangered species to the fish and game code, and indicates the issues and challenges they face. It then discusses the issues and challenges for management in the application of the laws.The Japanese statute for conservation of endangered species corresponds to the US Endangered Species Act in appearance, but is much more limited in application and scope. There is no legal channel, such as lawsuits, to assure citizens’ and experts’ input. With respect to general species, management of fish and animals are divided; the fish code’s scope is limited to fishery purposes. Control of wildlife damage is the biggest emphasis in the wildlife code. Reform to bring principles of scientific management into pest control has begun, but conventional culling is still the norm.Japan’ wildlife and fish management is distinctive in relying upon local resource users, instead of on a strong regulatory agency. This is a consequence of traditional communal management, and is apparent in coastal fisheries. The depopulation and exhaustion of rural communities, however, makes it difficult to rely on the community for management. In particular, wildlife management, which relies on aging hunters, is facing a turning point. To address these changes, agencies must be strengthened and lawmakers must enact a mechanism to assure sound science in wildlife policy, while working to revitalize rural communities. 相似文献
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真菌及混合菌对锯木屑类腐殖质形成和转化的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用液体摇瓶培养,在接种单一真菌(木霉、黑曲霉或青霉)和混合菌情况下,研究其对锯木屑类腐殖质组成和转化的影响,旨在揭示微生物利用木质素形成腐殖质的可能性,为土壤腐殖质形成提供理论参考和依据。结论如下:(1)在培养体系中,黑曲霉、青霉和混合菌在培养初期的快速繁殖致使代谢液中可溶性碳数量降低,随菌落繁殖渐趋平衡,降解作用增强,残留物中有机碳组分不断向代谢液中释放有机碳小分子,菌球的吸附作用更加速了这一过程,促使代谢液中有机碳数量急剧增加。木霉对残留物的降解作用显著,随后部分微生物量碳随菌体死亡重新进入残留物中,使得代谢液有机碳数量先增加后减少。整个培养过程中,残留物中碳的数量因降解作用而呈减少趋势。(2)WSS表现为先降低后升高的趋势。(3)接种菌悬液可迅速增大HLA和HLu的含碳量。青霉处理HLA组分一直处于降解阶段,而其他3个处理在培养初期均有利于HLA降解,随微生物自身合成和缩合作用的进一步增强,新的HLA形成。(4)培养初期,FLA的形成速度大于HLA,随后FLA逐渐向HLA转化。(5)培养结束后,各处理FLA分子趋于简单,而HLA分子在整个培养过程中先简单化,而后趋于复杂,新形成的HLA分子结构较复杂。(6)培养初期,木霉和黑曲霉的繁殖促使HLu数量增大,后期HLu逐渐向易溶态有机碳转化,青霉在培养中前期对HLu主要表现为降解,后期随菌体数量扩大,HLu数量再次提高,而混合菌处理HLu的数量一直处于递减状态。培养结束后,各处理HLu的数量均有所增加。 相似文献
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The properties, hydrological features, and genesis of the solods occurring in the Baraba Lowland and Priobskoe Plateau were
studied. Methods for determining the hydromorphism degree are considered; the features of the similarity and differences between
the solods and other soils with textural profile differentiation are shown. Depending on the reasons for the waterlogging,
the solods should be divided into two groups: the solods of groundwater waterlogging and the solods of surface waterlogging.
Criteria for their discrimination are suggested: the ratio between the contents of the clay fraction in the parent rock (or
in the B2 horizon) and that in the A2 horizon, the changes in the pH values along the soil profiles, and the content of nonsilicate
iron compounds. The solods studied are shown to be formed under the conditions of a stagnant-percolative regime and gleying.
This circumstance is an obligatory and sufficient reason for the formation of the light-colored acid eluvial (A2) horizons.
According to some basic properties of the soil solid phase (the acidity, the total chemical composition, and the clay pattern
in the eluvial part), the gleyed solods are close or identical to the gleyed soddy-podzolic and gleyed chernozem-like podzolic
soils. At the same time, the solods differ from the gleyed chernozem-like podzolic soils by their thicker A1 (or Ap) horizon
and their higher humus content (5–7%). 相似文献
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临汾地区的陶寺遗址是黄河中游地区发现的夏代之前的都邑性古城。通过对临汾地区和陶寺遗址区域自然环境条件的研究和分析,结合区域考古学文化的发展,探讨了陶寺古城的形成原因以及选址影响因素。研究表明:全新世中期至陶寺文化时期,临汾盆地由于较为暖湿的气候条件、良好的土地资源和水资源条件,区域内的新石器文化获得了持续发展。仰韶文化中晚期,我国中原地区及北方地区的新石器文化均获得了快速发展。临汾地区不仅处于这一文化发达区域的中心位置,而且地处我国中原核心地区同北方和东北地区文化交流的重要通道上,同时也是我国东西向文化交流的通道之一,由于这种优越的地理位置,临汾地区的区域文化优势地位逐渐显露出来。相当于龙山文化晚期的陶寺文化时期,相较其他中原核心地区,临汾地区受水患影响较小,区域文化的强势地位进一步凸显,因而成为都邑性古城兴起之地。陶寺文化时期,古城所在的黄土台地冲沟尚未下切,南河和宋村沟均为宽浅的沟谷型河流,高于平原地面的黄土台地既有利于设防又能有效规避水患,在塔儿山上游地区拥有较大汇水面积的南河和宋村沟又可以提供丰富稳定的水源,因而是营建古城的理想场所。 相似文献
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颐和园是清代北京西郊皇家园林区的重要组成部分,它的兴建与当地独特的自然环境密不可分,而当地独特的自然环境又与水土的合理保持关系密切,克服水土失衡是颐和园周边环境保护的重要方面. 相似文献
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The levels and distributions of petroleum hydrocarbons incoastal waters and sediments of the United Arab Emirates (U. A. E.) along theArabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman were investigated. Oil concentrations in the waters ofthe U. A. E. were below the 15 μg L-1 and ranged from 1.6 to 13 μg L-1.Petroleum hydrocarbons showed different pattern of distribution in the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman withmore or less similar values. Horizontal distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons atthe Arabian Gulf showed significant differences between most sites. At the Gulf ofOman, similar oil concentrations were measured at different sites. Meanwhile,vertical distributions of petroleum hydrocarbons indicated higher concentrations atsurface layers of the Arabian Gulf compared to bottom layers. Whereas, more or less similarconcentrations were measured at the Gulf of Oman. The concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in marinesediments varied from 2.5 to 8.2 μg g-1 (dry sediment weight), with higher concentrations at theArabian Gulf compared to the Gulf of Oman. The pattern of distribution for petroleumhydrocarbons in marine sediments resembled to some extent the distribution of organiccarbon in marine sediments. The study revealed that the concentrations ofpetroleum hydrocarbons in waters and sediments of the investigated area are not highcompared to other areas of the world. 相似文献