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1.
北方农牧交错带沙尘源植被恢复潜力评价模型研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
针对北方农牧交错带沙化土地植被恢复进程缓慢和沙尘源植被恢复潜力评价困难的问题,该文采用模糊综合评判模型对北方农牧交错带沙尘源植被恢复能力进行潜力评价.该评价模型首先采用比例标度法对沙尘源影响因素打分,再用改进的层次分析法确定沙尘源植被恢复影响因素的权重,并通过综合指数反映植被恢复能力,最后利用模糊隶属度对植被恢复能力进行分级.试验结果表明:该模型能够确定北方农牧交错带沙尘源植被恢复潜力,并为确定沙尘源植被恢复的优先顺序提供决策依据.  相似文献   

2.
中国北方农牧交错带是中国少数关键的生态区域和全球变化响应敏感区域之一,对保持中国北方生态系统的农业生态服务功能起着至关重要的作用,该文从中国北方农牧交错带研究的重要性入手,分析了近年来国内外在农作物产量研究方面的进展,提出北方农牧交错带高时空分辨率的农作物产量分布格局和预测研究存在的问题,阐述了对发展北方农牧交错带高时空分辨率的农作物产量分布格局和预测研究的主要方向和途径,对未来气候变化对该区农业生产力和生态环境的影响具有重要意义。  相似文献   

3.
基于SPOT-VGT NDVI时间序列的农牧交错带植被物候监测   总被引:12,自引:5,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
为了分析中国农牧交错带植被典型物候期(生长开始日期,生长结束日期和生长季长度)的变化趋势,利用2001-2010年SPOT-VGT NDVI(SPOT-VEGETATION normalized differential vegetation index)数据,基于Savitzky—Golay滤波和动态阈值法,提取了中国北方农牧交错带植被物候期,探讨研究区植被物候期的空间差异和时间变化。研究表明,农牧交错带植被的生长季一般从4月中旬到5月下旬开始,9月下旬至10月下旬结束;从西南部到东北部,植被物候表现出明显的空间差异;农田植被物候期与自然植被略有不同;对研究区10a物候期线性拟合,得出研究区大部分植被覆盖区域生长季开始日期呈现提前趋势,提前日期大约为1~10d左右;除部分地区外,2001-2010年农牧交错带植被生长季结束日期没有明显变化趋势;10a间研究区大部分草地生长季延长,也有一部分地区的生长季出现缩短趋势。研究提取结果与已有的相关研究结果较为一致,可为农牧交错带生态环境评价和保护提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

4.
盐池县位于我国北方的农牧交错带,是我国北方的一个典型的过渡地带,独特的地理位置也使该地区成为我国荒漠化的主要发生区。在分析植被盖度和生物量变化的基础上,采用α多样性指数即Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、群落均匀度指数Js和β-多样性指数(相似性系数Cs)研究宁夏盐池县人工封育区的植被变化。分析得出农牧交错带实施封育对植被恢复的重要作用。  相似文献   

5.
北方农牧交错带县域典型农业生态系统结构的对比演变   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了能准确地描述农业生态系统结构的合理性,并从时间序列上反映系统产业结构的动态演变特征,立足北方农牧交错带,在近31a的时间尺度上,以偏农区的榆阳区和偏牧区的乌审旗县域典型农业生态系统作为比较研究对象,采用系统组分优势度、系统结构优势度和系统稳定性指数作为研究模型,对两地农业生态系统的产业结构进行了综合分析和评价,显示种植业是偏农区农业生态系统的主导产业,其组分优势度在后期下降较快;林业在两地农业生态系统中的组分优势度均较小;畜牧业是偏农区最具发展潜势的产业,是偏牧区国民经济发展的支柱产业;渔业组分优势度在两地均为最小,基本对系统无贡献;偏农区农业生态系统结构较为优越,而偏牧区农业生态系统稳定性较为突出。结合研究结果,并就种植业、林业、牧业和渔业在北方农牧交错带偏农区和偏牧区的发展提出了建设性意见,以期为当地及北方农牧交错带农业生态系统产业模式优化和农牧业可持续发展提供理论依据和科学借鉴。  相似文献   

6.
柠条锦鸡儿细根表面积密度对土壤水分空间分布的响应   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为研究柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)细根与土壤水分的空间关系,以内蒙古农牧交错带10 a生柠条锦鸡儿细根为研究对象,对细根表面积密度与土壤含水率之间的关系进行了初步探讨。分别对柠条锦鸡儿细根和土壤水分的空间分布情况进行研究发现,垂直和水平土层方向各标准地柠条锦鸡儿细根表面积密度与土壤含水率均呈极显著相关,相关系数均大于0.65(P0.01)。经回归分析建立柠条锦鸡儿细根表面积密度与土壤含水率之间的关系模型并对模型进行验证,验证结果发现该模型可以很好地描述两者之间的关系(R~2=0.84,P0.01)。撂荒地土壤含水率比柠条地高71%,研究区柠条地出现至少200 cm的土壤干层,部分土层接近凋萎湿度,柠条生长受阻。研究结果对于干旱区人工柠条林的栽植管理具有重要意义,可为北方农牧交错带生态环境建设及植被恢复提供理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
我国北方农牧交错带是指自东北西部科尔沁草原向西南沿长城至兰州附近长2 000多km、宽200~300 km的特殊地带,区内年降水量在400 mm以下,生态环境脆弱,土地生产力的丧失是风蚀对土壤吹蚀累积影响的结果。分析了农牧交错带农田风蚀的成因和风蚀对农田生产力的影响,认为通过实施农田保护性耕作措施控制风蚀是可行的,从植被覆盖及农田耕作时间、措施上对风蚀进行控制应是防治风蚀研究的重点。  相似文献   

8.
林西县位于内蒙古高原农牧交错带东段,是我国农牧交错带的重要组成。近年来,由于人类的过度开垦、放牧及其他不合理的利用方式,林西县的草地生态系统遭到严重的破坏。主要表现在:水资源短缺严重,对生态环境构成了严重威胁;自然灾害频发;土地退化,加剧了生态环境的脆弱性。  相似文献   

9.
长城沿线农牧交错带生态环境恢复重建SD模型研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
应用系统动力学理论研究建立了长城沿线农牧交错带生态环境恢复与重建SD模型 ,并应用该模型对该区强化治理型、协调发展型和传统经营型 3种典型治理模式进行仿真研究结果表明 ,强化治理模式为农牧交错带生态环境治理最佳模式 ,可使农林牧协调持续发展 ,土壤侵蚀量减少 76 .1% ,生态环境趋向良性循环。  相似文献   

10.
交错带是相邻生态系统的边缘交汇带,是陆地生态系统对全球变化和人为干扰响应较为敏感的地段。在全球气候变化和人为干扰的影响下,北方农牧交错带的地理位置和界线不断变迁,界线变迁区的土地利用和景观格局也处于快速的变化之中。该文基于气象和土地利用数据,利用遥感、GIS技术和景观生态学方法,界定了北方农牧交错带及界线变迁区的地理位置,并分析了1986-2000年界线变迁区的土地利用和景观格局时空变化特征。结果显示:(1)北方农牧交错带的西北界、东南界缓冲区土地利用结构变化、不同地类之间的相互转化及土地利用动态度变化存在明显区域差异;(2)西北界、东南界缓冲区景观重心迁移的距离和方向、景观格局变化呈现出不同的特征。  相似文献   

11.
自 1991年长江上游水土保持重点防治区滑坡、泥石流预警系统运作以来 ,陇南陕南片成功预报和处理滑坡、泥石流险情 10 3处 ,保护人口 11 6 8万 ,避免经济和财产损失 11879 6 5万元 ,取得了良好的社会效益。主要做法及经验是 :依靠各级政府 ,健全预警网络 ;广泛深入宣传 ,增强防灾意识 ;健全管理制度 ,落实岗位职责 ;强化技术培训 ,提高业务技能 ;加强检查指导 ,现场解决问题 ;及时调查险情 ,做好技术服务 ;预防治理结合 ,注重减灾实效。  相似文献   

12.
采集草海流域周边成熟期整株农作物及土壤样品,分析测试其中DDTs和HCHs的含量,对比研究了土壤和作物中DDTs和HCHs污染水平及其在作物中富集能力。结果表明:研究区域土壤中HCHs和DDTs残留检出率均为100%,残留范围分别为0.06~16.66μg·kg^-1和0.08-39.77μg·kg^-1,土壤中HCHs和DDTs的残留量均小于国家土壤环境质量一级标准;三种农作物中DDTs、HCHs及∑(DDTs,HCHs)残留量差异显著,HCHs含量最高的是玉米,DDTs和(DDTs,HCHs)最高的是马铃薯;三种农作物中HCHs和DDTs残留的风险系数均为1.1,属于低度风险,农作物中DDTs、HCHs及∑(DDTs,HCHs)的安全指数IFSc均小于1,DDTs和HCHs残留量对三种农作物安全影响的风险是可以接受的。  相似文献   

13.
Crop performance and yield are the results of genotypic expression as modulated by continuous interaction with the environment. Among environmental factors, water is globally one of the most limiting for crop production. Water resources in the world are steadily diminishing and in many areas, including Poland, more frequent periods of drought are being observed. The aim of the study was to compare the yields and gas exchange parameters of Festulolium hybrid (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) and alfalfa (Medicago?×?varia T. Martyn) under different levels of soil moisture (well-watered conditions and drought stress) and cultivation method (pure stand and mixture). The study has shown that all the measured parameters were affected by drought stress. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and dry mass yield were significantly lower under drought stress than under well-watered conditions in all treatment types. Alfalfa grown in a pure sowing showed the strongest reaction to stress, while hybrid Festulolium grown in mixture showed the weakest. It was also found that under stress, grass assimilated CO2 and evaporated water much more intensively in mixture cultivation than in pure sowing. Higher water use efficiency (WUE) was observed in alfalfa and Festulolium growing in mixture only in the first year of the study.  相似文献   

14.
Mechanisms preventing oxidative burst in cells exposed to high metal concentrations are crucial for cell survival. In this report, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was used as a model species to investigate: (a) how cadmium (Cd) affects plant defense pathways (in particular, those involved in preventing oxidative stress), and (b) whether antioxidative enzymes of plants and of in vitro cell culture (calluses) have similar responses to Cd exposure. For this experiment, plants (grown hydroponically on Long Ashton medium) and calluses (grown on Murashige and Skoog medium) were exposed for three weeks to different Cd concentrations (0, 5, 50, and 500 μ M). Solute and electrolyte leakage increased significantly with the increase in Cd concentration in the external medium and in exposed leaves, and less in exposed calluses. Cadmium exposure also reduced significantly soluble protein contents in both leaves and calluses. The activities of catalase and peroxidase decreased significantly in 50 and 500 μ M-exposed leaves compared with the control, but increased in 5 μ M-exposed calluses, decreasing in the calluses exposed 500 μ M Cd. The decrease in antioxidative enzymes activities is congruent with the decrease in membrane integrity and suggests that calluses develop antioxidant mechanisms that respond better to Cd stress than do leaves. On average, 100% of plants exposed for 21 d to 500 μ M and 95% of plants exposed for 45 d to 50 μ M Cd were dead. After 45 d, only 53% of 50 μ M-exposed calluses had died. These surviving calluses were maintained on 50 μ M for six months. Six-month-old exposed calluses had higher activities of peroxidase and catalase when compared with control calluses, as well as lower membrane degradation. These data show that calluses are more tolerant than plants to Cd exposure, and that antioxidant mechanisms under Cd exposure may differ between the two cell systems and vary with time.  相似文献   

15.
16.
A novel indole glucosinolate, 1,4-dimethoxyglucobrassicin (1,4-dimethoxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate), was isolated as the desulfo derivative from roots of the P-type of Barbarea vulgaris ssp. arcuata, and its structure was determined by spectroscopy including 2D NMR spectroscopy. 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin (4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate) was isolated as the desulfo derivative from green siliques (fruits) of Arabidopsis thaliana and identified by comparison of its (1)H NMR spectrum with the spectrum of the known desulfoglucosinolate from Brassica napus. The delayed elution of desulfo indole glucosinolates from the DEAE Sephadex column used in sample preparation was examined, and the diode-array UV spectra of desulfo indole glucosinolates were measured, to ensure a reliable determination of 1,4-dimethoxyglucobrassicin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin with the existing analysis method based on the HPLC of desulfoglucosinolates. 1,4-Dimethoxyglucobrassicin was not detected in 10 other Arabidopsis, Brassica, and Barbarea species, indicating an evolutionarily recent mutation in the indole glucosinolate biosynthesis in B. vulgaris ssp. arcuata type P.  相似文献   

17.
当前,肯尼亚和中国在生产足够粮食以保障粮食安全方面都面临着严峻的挑战。尤其是对于肯尼亚而言,因为其2100年预测的人口将达到2018年的1.4倍,且其粮食生产在过去并没有大幅度的改善。而中国近些年粮食生产能力显著提高。本文系统分析了肯尼亚和中国农业资源投入、种植业和畜牧业单产水平的历史变化,以及农业资源投入与产量之间的关系,为肯尼亚粮食危机和消灭贫困提供更多的理论支撑。研究结果表明,在20世纪60年代,肯尼亚耕地、草地和降水等自然资源人均占有量比中国高2~3倍,且人均食物能量和蛋白质供应显著高于中国。当前,肯尼亚人均资源拥有量仍高出中国约30%,但是其人均食品供应和粮食自给率却远低于中国平均水平。这是由于与肯尼亚相比,中国在种植业和畜牧业长期持续的投入,大幅度地增加了种植业和畜牧业能量或蛋白质单产水平。1961-2017年,中国和肯尼亚作物蛋白的平均单产分别增加282%和44%。中国的数据表明,种植业和畜牧业单产水平与肥料、精饲料、机械和农药的投入具有显著正相关性;农牧业生产结构对单产水平的变化影响也很大,如种植业中蔬菜和水果播种面积占比,畜牧业中单胃动物饲养占比等。总的来说,农业资源投入和农业结构对生产力的提高都有很大的影响,这可能是肯尼亚提高农业生产力的潜在选择。  相似文献   

18.
Fungal abundance and diversity in earthworm casts and in uningested soil   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Earthworm casts and adjacent uningested soil from 30 different locations were compared to determine the abundance and diversity of fungal species. The casts contained larger fungal populations (g-1 dry soil weight) and numbers of fungal species than the soil. Variations in these parameters between casts and soil were statistically significant (P=0.05). Fungal populations and the number of fungal species in casts and soil also varied significantly (P=0.05) between samples from different locations. A total of 27 fungal species were recorded from the casts and soil. Indices of dominance (0.084 casts; 0.14 soil) and general diversity (2.53 casts; 2.02 soil) demonstrated that the casts displayed more diverse fungal flora than the soil. The diversity of fungal species increased in earthworm casts after passing through the earthworm gut.  相似文献   

19.
云南省各级党政领导重视和支持水土保持 ,积极出台有关法规、政策 ,为搞好水土保持工作提供了保障。治理中坚持高起点要求 ,有力地推动了水保产业化建设。适应市场经济要求 ,大力发展水土保持专业户、重点户 ,调动社会各方面力量参与水土流失治理开发。介绍了具体的做法、成效及今后做好水保工作的思路。  相似文献   

20.
The aim of this investigation was to compare the liver and aorta changes in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets and the possible improvement when diets would be supplemented with frequently used raw vegetables. The phenolic compounds of three vegetables in methanol-water (1:1) fraction were characterized using electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS). Results showed that the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, quercetin, flavanols, tannins, and ascorbic acid varied for garlic and white and red onions ranging from 6.68 to 18.08 mg GAE/g DW, 490.4-701.0 μg CE/g DW, 281.2-1100.0 μg, 32.40-41.30 μg CE/g DW, 2.88-3.12 mg CE/g DW, 1.87-2.33 mg AA/g DW, 1388.2-1442.3 μg CGE/g DW, respectively. The radical scavenging capacities (μM TE/g DW) for the same investigated vegetables for ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and DPPH assays ranged from 48.78 to 92.42, 9.41-28.56, 3.06-10.41, and 6.49-23.42, respectively. Good correlations were observed between the phenolic contents and the radical scavenging capacities of the vegetables. The interaction between BSA and quercetin, BSA and garlic and onions extracts was measured by 3-dimensional fluorescence (3D-FL) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The highest polyphenol content was found in methanol/water fraction of onions and garlic; therefore, for the investigation of in vitro interactions with BSA only polyphenols of this fraction were used. For in vivo studies, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups each of 6 and named Control, Chol, Chol/Garlic, Chol/OnionRed, and Chol/OnionWhite. During 6 weeks, the rats of all 5 groups were fed a basal diet (BD). The rats of the Control group were fed the BD only. The BD of the Chol group was supplemented with 10 g/kg of nonoxidized cholesterol (NOC). Each of the other three groups was supplemented with 10 g/kg of NOC and 500 mg of raw fresh garlic, 500 mg of raw fresh red onion, and 500 mg of raw fresh white onion on 1 kg of body weight for Chol/Garlic, Chol/OnionRed, and Chol/OnionWhite diet groups, respectively. In order to detect the changes in the liver and aorta, a histological procedure was applied, and the liver enzymes were determined and compared. It was found that the main changes vs the Control group were in the liver of rats fed the cholesterol-containing diet without vegetable supplementation. Significantly less histological changes in the liver and lower level of liver enzymes vs those of the Chol group were detected in rats of the Chol/Garlic group (P < 0.05). The interaction between the polyphenol extract of garlic and BSA in vitro showed its strong ability comparable with that of quercetin to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA. In conclusion, all studied vegetables showed protective effects, but raw garlic supplemented with cholesterol-containing diets significantly prevented the aorta and liver damages of rats.  相似文献   

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