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为快速估测砂姜黑土有机质含量,该研究以河南省商水县砂姜黑土为对象,采用光谱指数和遗传算法结合支持向量机构建砂姜黑土有机质估测模型。结果表明,以Savitzky-Golay(SG)平滑后的一阶导数光谱792和1 389 nm两波段组合构建的比值指数表现最好,建模集决定系数为0.81。利用独立的样本验证,预测决定系数和均方根误差分别为0.91和1.56 g/kg。而相同样本经遗传算法筛选敏感波段结合支持向量机回归构建的模型以SG平滑的一阶导数光谱表现最好,建模集和验证集决定系数分别为0.95和0.91,均方根误差分别为1.01和1.69 g/kg。基于遗传算法结合支持向量机回归和光谱指数2种方法构建的有机质含量估测模型均表现出较高的精度,前者稍优于后者,可用于对砂姜黑土有机质含量的有效估测。该研究成果可为砂姜黑土有机质含量的快速定量估算提供依据和参考。 相似文献
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东北典型黑土区表层土壤有机质含量高光谱反演研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
《土壤通报》2019,(6):1285-1293
选择东北典型黑土区——德惠市、扶余市和双城市为研究区,利用便携式地物光谱仪获取土壤光谱数据,基于原始光谱值及一阶微分、倒数的对数、连续统去除变换,分别建立了黑土有机质含量的多元线性逐步回归模型、偏最小二乘回归模型和BP神经网络模型。结果表明:高光谱与土壤有机质含量在多个波段相关性较好,其中有机质与反射率一阶微分处理的相关性最好,在光谱584 nm处其相关性最强(r=-0.60,n=81)。光谱一阶微分处理数据在三种建模方法中的预测及验证精度均高于原始光谱值、倒数的对数和连续统去除变换,因此一阶微分为最佳光谱变换形式。偏最小二乘回归分析的预测效果整体优于多元线性逐步回归分析和BP神经网络分析,光谱一阶微分处理的偏最小二乘回归模型呈现出最佳预测效果,决定系数为0.71、均方根误差为2.29 g kg~(-1)(n=53)。 相似文献
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【目的】土壤有机质(SOM)具有改良土壤结构、 促进团粒结构形成、 增加土壤疏松性、 改善土壤通气性和透水性以及促进植物生长发育的作用。传统测定土壤有机质的方法,虽然精度高,但是实时性差。本文通过对土壤高光谱数据进行变换和分析,筛选出与土壤有机质含量相关性高的敏感波长,构建能够实时、 快速反演黄河三角洲土壤有机质含量的数学统计模型。【方法】60个土壤样品采于黄河三角州。利用ASD Fieldspec3光谱仪,在室内环境下对黄河三角洲不同有机质含量的风干土壤样本进行了光谱测量,利用化学方法测定了土壤的有机质含量。在对土壤样品高光谱反射率进行去包络线处理的基础上,与土壤有机质含量进行相关分析,筛选敏感波长;运用主成分回归分析、 多元线性回归分析、 二次多项式逐步回归分析和支持向量机回归分析方法,分别建立了有机质含量的反演模型。【结果】确定了估测土壤有机质含量的敏感波长,建立了能够快速反演黄河三角洲土壤有机质含量的数学统计模型。从土壤光谱反射率曲线可以看出在1400 nm、 1900 nm和2200 nm等波段附近有十分明显的水分吸收谷。经对比相关性可以看出,去包络线的数据处理方法明显提高了光谱反射率与土壤有机质之间的相关性。1278 nm、 1307 nm、 1314 nm、 1322 nm、 1328 nm、 1334 nm、 1343 nm 7个相关性较高的波长作为估测土壤有机质含量的敏感波长。基于主成分回归分析、 多元线性回归分析、 二次多项式逐步回归分析和支持向量机回归分析方法,分别构建了反演有机质含量的模型。其中,二次多项式逐步回归模型校正集的决定系数达到了0.865,验证集的决定系数最大,达到了0.837,为黄河三角洲土壤有机质含量的最佳反演模型。【结论】去包络线的数据处理方法可提高光谱反射率与土壤有机质之间的相关性,确定的1278 nm、 1307 nm、 1314 nm、 1322 nm、 1328 nm、 1334 nm、 1343 nm 7个波长是估测黄河三角洲土壤有机质含量的敏感波长。由于二次多项式逐步回归模型校证集的决定系数最高、 均方根误差最小,其拟合效果最好。因此二次多项式逐步回归模型对反演黄河三角洲土壤有机质含量是最佳的。 相似文献
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土壤有机质含量是反映土壤肥力的重要特征,利用高光谱技术对耕层土壤有机质(OM)含量进行定量化反演可为土壤信息化管理和精准施肥提供重要的依据。本文利用ASD FR 2500高光谱仪在室内条件下测定了风干土壤样品的可见近红外光谱,分析了东北平原不同土壤类型土壤光谱反射率曲线形状变化及土壤有机质含量的光谱反演模型,结果表明,根据土壤光谱反射率曲线变化特点可以初步将东北平原的几种土壤类型划分为三类,其主要区别在于460~1350nm范围内曲线斜率变化的差异。通过相关分析进一步确定了土壤有机质敏感波段为650~750nm,建立了不同土壤类型的有机质含量回归预测模型,并且对不同模型的回归系数和截距进行了方差同质性检验。结果显示,黑土和黑钙土、黑土和暗棕壤的模型没有显著差异,即可以分别构建同质性模型来简化有机质的预测,但是预测精度有所降低。 相似文献
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为解决荒漠土壤有机质含量高光谱估算存在的困难,提高土壤有机质含量估算的精准性,该文对准噶尔盆地东部荒漠土壤进行采样、化验分析和光谱测量、处理,分析土壤光谱与有机质含量的相关性,确定敏感光谱波段,建立荒漠土壤有机质含量多种高光谱估算模型,旨在通过模型精度的比较,确定最优模型。结果表明:反射率、倒数对数光谱与荒漠土壤有机质含量相关性低,而经过一阶微分、二阶微分变换后,相关系数有所提高,部分波段的相关系数通过0.01显著水平的检验,可以用来荒漠土壤有机质含量的估算;一元线性回归建立的估算模型的精度低,不适用荒漠土壤有机质含量高光谱的估算。荒漠土壤有机质多元逐步回归模型的二阶微分、倒数对数二阶微分修正决定系数得到了较大提高,分别提高了0.22和0.31,均方根误差下降了0.66和0.80,建模精度高于一元线性回归模型。荒漠土壤有机质一阶微分、二阶微分光谱的最小偏二乘回归模型的决定系数比其多元逐步回归模型提高了0.07、0.04,一阶微分、二阶微分均方根误差都下降了0.11,二阶微分偏最小二乘法回归模型是该研究所建12个模型的最优估算模型。在多元逐步、偏最小二乘回归模型中,最优估算模型是二阶微分模型,因而用偏最小二乘法回归估算荒漠土壤有机质含量是个可行的方法。该研究的成果为荒漠土壤有机质高光谱遥感分析提供了支撑,实现荒漠土壤有机质监测的时效性、准确性,为区域生态环境的修复提供依据。 相似文献
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为监测煤炭矿区不同沉陷阶段耕地土壤质量状况,实现矿区土地复垦和耕地质量保护,以山西省长治王庄煤矿周边3种处于不同沉陷阶段的耕地为例,使用无人机搭载高光谱相机进行影像获取,并在研究区内进行土壤样品采集及室内光谱测定。通过对光谱反射率进行倒数、一阶微分、二阶微分、多元散射校正4种不同形式的变换,分析转换后的光谱反射率和实测有机质含量的相关性,筛选出相关系数较高的敏感波段。利用多元线性回归(Multiple Linear Regression,MLR)、偏最小二乘回归(Partial Least Squares Regression,PLSR)和BP神经网络(BP Neural Network,BPNN)3种模型对有机质含量建立预测模型,并对模型预测结果进行精度评价,选用较优模型代入无人机高光谱影像进行有机质含量填图,得到耕地范围内的土壤有机质分布情况,并对处于不同沉陷阶段的耕地土壤有机质空间分布差异及其驱动因子进行分析讨论。结果表明:1)采煤沉陷区耕地土壤有机质含量与经过多元散射校正变换的光谱曲线相关性最高,敏感波段为463.75~492.45 nm,870.79~932.58 nm处,最大相关系数为0.63。2)经过多元散射校正处理的光谱曲线运用偏最小二乘回归模型和BP神经网络模型预测有机质含量精度要明显高于多元线性回归模型,预测精度分别达到0.863和0.884,可以用于有机质含量的估测。3)采煤沉陷区耕地土壤有机质分布情况表现为煤炭开采未扰动区耕地土壤有机质分布较为均一,均值为26.94 g/kg,总体上处于中上等水平;煤炭开采扰动稳沉区耕地土壤有机质高低值分化明显,整体分布呈现较大空间分异性;煤炭开采扰动区介于二者之间。矿区有机质含量大小关系为煤炭开采未扰动区耕地>煤炭开采扰动区耕地>煤炭开采扰动稳沉区耕地。 相似文献
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应用高光谱技术阐释土壤含水率光谱规律及对土壤含水率进行定量分析,为精准农业地表土壤水分的快速测定提供参考。该文以吉林省黑土土类中的黑土亚类土壤为研究对象,利用ASD FieldSpec FR便携式光谱仪在室内环境下对不同含水率的土壤样本进行光谱反射率测量和特征分析;通过对土壤样品高光谱反射率进行对数、倒数、一阶微分以及反射率倒数的一阶微分、反射率对数的一阶微分变换,运用统计分析中的相关系数计算进行了光谱反射率与土壤水分的相关分析,并提取了土壤光谱特征波段;采用逐步多元线性回归方法和指数模式分析法,进行了高光谱土壤含水率定量反演。研究结果表明,在低于田间持水率状况下,黑土土壤光谱反射率及其反射率一阶微分和反射率对数一阶微分变换的敏感波段主要集中在400~410、1 400~1 850和2 050~2 200 nm范围内,其中2 156 nm处与土壤水分相关系数最高,达0.89;在波长1 328、1 439、1 742和2 156 nm处,采用反射率对数一阶微分所建立的黑土土壤含水率预测方程的预测精度最好,决定系数为0.931。黑土土壤含水率高光谱反演模型的建立为土壤水分的快速测定提供了新的途径。 相似文献
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粗面岩质火山碎屑物发育土壤有机质含量的高光谱特征与建模 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《土壤通报》2017,(1):39-44
利用ASD Field Spec 4便携式快速扫描分光辐射光谱仪,对采自吉林省长白山地区粗面岩质火山碎屑物发育的土壤进行光谱反射率测定,分析其光谱特征;对土壤原始光谱反射率进行一阶微分、二阶微分、倒数的微分、倒数的对数的一阶微分和倒数的对数的二阶微分等五种数学处理,并应用多元逐步回归分析建立土壤有机质含量的高光谱预测模型。研究表明:土壤有机质含量与原始光谱反射率在565~675 nm波段内呈显著负相关;一阶微分光谱在415 nm、445~605 nm波段内与土壤有机质含量呈极显著负相关,在705~985 nm、1015~1265 nm波段内呈极显著正相关,在865 nm波段处相关系数达到极大值0.87;建立的土壤有机质多元逐步线性回归预测模型中,以一阶微分模型为最优,R2为0.954,可用于粗面岩质火山碎屑物发育土壤有机质含量的快速测定。 相似文献
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《土壤通报》2014,(6):1313-1318
高光谱遥感技术是土壤养分含量监测的一种先进手段,能及时、准确地监测滨海滩涂土壤养分的动态变化,对滨海湿地生态环境保护具有重要意义。以辽河三角洲滨海湿地滩涂为研究对象,在对地面高光谱数据与实验室样本理化性质分析的基础上,经过微分以及连续统去除法相关分析,分别建立了多元线性回归模型和偏最小二乘法(PLSR)模型,并对模型结果进行分析、比较。结果显示,连续统去除法能有效的提高有机质含量与光谱反射率之间相关性,基于此变换所建立的多元线性回归模型R2达到了0.7545,RMSE为1.2216;偏最小二乘模型R2达到了0.8792,RMSE为1.2299。所建模型具有预测土壤有机质含量的潜力,其中偏最小二乘法优于多元线性回归法。 相似文献
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以青紫泥 (BlueclayeyPaddysoil,BP)和红黄泥 (RedPaddysoil,RP)为例 ,研究发育于不同母质的水稻土高光谱和SOM含量光谱参数模型的差异性。结果表明 ,发育于河湖沉积物的BP的反射系数总体上高于发育于第四纪红色粘土母质的RP ,在与铁的氧化物有关的吸收波段 ,RP的吸收特性较BP强 ;RP的一阶微分的变化趋势总体上也比BP剧烈 ,特别是与铁的氧化物相关的波段及 2 2 0 0nm处 ;BP与RP的SOM的光谱参数模型所包含光谱波段的个数和位置有较大的差异 ,水稻土SOM含量光谱参数模型具有母质的独特性 相似文献
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土壤侵蚀和沉积明显影响土壤有机碳(SOC)的积累与损耗,在以往土壤碳平衡模拟中却未得到应有的重视。本文以典型黑土漫岗坡耕地表层土壤为研究对象,利用CENTURY模型模拟特定质地下自然黑土有机碳的积累过程,估算研究区黑土有机碳及各组分的背景值;对比研究侵蚀泥沙对SOC富集的影响,将模型模拟值与实测值进行统计比较来验证模型;进而模拟侵蚀区开垦后SOC以及各组分随时间的变化,定量研究土壤侵蚀对SOC各组分损失的贡献。研究结果表明:黑土有机碳的累积大致可分为初期的快速积累和后期缓慢积累两个阶段,前期慢性有机碳库的累积对SOC库的增加贡献最大,后期SOC累积主要由惰性有机碳缓慢累积来完成。达到平衡状态时,研究区黑土有机碳含量为7 240 g m-2,以慢性和惰性有机碳为主,约占总SOC的97.4%。考虑泥沙对SOC的富集作用,模型模拟值与实测值更加吻合。自然黑土开垦后,微生物分解矿化作用是活性和慢性有机碳损失的主要途径,土壤侵蚀明显降低惰性有机碳含量,其贡献率随侵蚀速率的增加而增大。因研究区侵蚀不严重,土壤侵蚀对开垦以来的SOC库损耗贡献较小。 相似文献
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Understanding temporal variations in soil organic matter (SOM) is important because SOM improves soil, sustains soil productivity, and sequesters carbon. The Tibetan Plateau plays a critical role in climate change at both regional and global scales. Thus, the main objective of this study was to investigate temporal variations in SOM content in Tibetan soils as an important indicator of climate change. SOM content data were obtained from soil surveys conducted in the 1980s and resampled in the 2000s. In this study, SOM content data from the A horizon of the soil profile were compared over time, and a paired t-test was conducted to verify differences between the two datasets. The results reveal that SOM content in the A horizon decreased significantly. To determine the causes of SOM content decreases in the A horizon, soil samples were grouped into ten soil types, four land-use types, and seven physiogeographical units. SOM content in four soil types (felty soils, cambisols in the World Reference Base (WRB) for soil resources; cold calcic soils, cambisols in the WRB; bog soils, gleysols in the WRB; and meadow soils, umbric gleysols/haplic phaeozem in the WRB), pasture, and broad valleys and basins of the south Tibetan zone of montane shrubby steppe decreased significantly in the A horizon. Based on the analysis of some known realities, this change should be attributed to pasture degradation resulting from overgrazing and climate warming. 相似文献
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Manure application generally increases soil organic matter (SOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) content in soil. Free and occluded POM (fPOM and oPOM) can be quantified by combining density and ultrasonic dispersion approaches, but it remains unclear which fraction of POM is more responsive to manure application, and whether manure treated soils have a more pronounced effect on POM content than unmanured soils (no or chemical fertilizer treated soils). Because neutral sugars in POM can be attributed to either plant- or microbial-derived compounds, we analyzed the pattern and ratio of different neutral sugars to clarify effects of different fertilizations on quality of POM in a study over two decades. Soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from six fertilization treatments in a 25-year long fertilization experiment including no fertilizer (CK), low manure (M1), high manure (M2), chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (NPK), and combined manure and chemical fertilizers (M1NPK, M2NPK). Our results showed that manure application generally led to higher organic carbon concentrations in bulk soil (M2NPK > M2 > M1NPK > M1 > CK > NPK), fPOM (M2NPK > M2 > M1 > M1NPK > NPK > CK) and oPOM (M1 > M2 > M1NPK > M2NPK > NPK > CK), respectively. As compared with unmanured treatments, manure amendments induced 48, 21 and 107% greater increases on average in neutral sugar concentrations in bulk soil, fPOM and oPOM, respectively. More plant-derived organic compounds were enriched in fPOM than oPOM and bulk soil, and the enrichment was more pronounced in manure treated soils than the unmanured soils. This study suggests that long-term use of manure enhanced microbial routing of specific monosaccharides into different POM fractions. Clearly, manure amendments improved labile SOM content and SOM quality in the Mollisol thus maintaining soil productivity over decades. 相似文献
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Occluded, or intra-aggregate, soil organic matter (SOM) comprises a significant portion of the total C pool in forest soils and often has very long mean residence times (MRTs). However, occluded C characteristics vary widely among soils and the genesis and composition of the occluded organic matter pool are not well understood. This work sought to define the major controls on the composition and MRT of occluded SOM in western U.S. conifer forest soils with specific focus on the influence of soil mineral assemblage and aggregate stability. We sampled soils from a lithosequence of four parent materials (rhyolite, granite, basalt, and dolostone) under Pinus ponderosa. Three pedons were excavated to the depth of refusal at each site and sampled by genetic horizon. After density separation at 1.8 g cm−3 into free/light, occluded and mineral fractions, the chemical nature and mean residence time of organics in each fraction were compared. SOM chemistry was explored through the use of stable isotope analyses, 13C NMR, and pyrolysis GC/MS. Soil charcoal content estimates were based on 13C NMR analyses. Estimates of SOM MRT were based on steady-state modeling of SOM radiocarbon abundance measurements. Across all soils, the occluded fraction was 0.5–5 times enriched in charcoal in comparison to the bulk soil and had a substantially longer MRT than either the mineral fraction or the free/light fraction. These results suggest that charcoal from periodic burning is the primary source of occluded organics in these soils, and that the structural properties of charcoal promote its aggregation and long-term preservation. Surprisingly, aggregate stability, as measured through ultrasonic dispersion, was not correlated with occluded SOM abundance or MRT, perhaps raising questions of how well laboratory measurements of aggregate stability capture the dynamics of aggregate turnover under field conditions. Examination of the molecular characteristics of the occluded fraction was more conclusive. Occluded fraction composition did not change substantially with soil mineral assemblage, but was increasingly enriched in charcoal with depth relative to bulk SOM. Enrichment levels of 13C and 15N suggested a similar degree of microbial processing for the free/light and occluded fractions, and molecular structure of occluded and free/light fractions were also similar aside from charcoal enrichment in the occluded fraction. Results highlight the importance of both fire and aggregate formation to the long-term preservation of organics in western U.S. conifer forests which experience periodic burning, and suggest that the composition of occluded SOM in these soils is dependent on fire and the selective occlusion of charcoal. 相似文献
17.
Crop and land management practices affect both the quality and quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) and hence are driving forces for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The objective of this study was to assess the long‐term effects of tillage, fertilizer application and crop rotation on SOC in an agricultural area of southern Norway, where a soil fertility and crop rotation experiment was initiated in 1953 and a second experiment on tillage practices was initiated in 1983. The first experiment comprised 6‐yr crop rotations with cereals only and 2‐yr cereal and 4‐yr grass rotations with recommended (base) and more than the recommended (above base) fertilizer application rates; the second experiment dealt with autumn‐ploughed (conventional‐till) plots and direct‐drilled plots (no‐till). Soil samples at 0–10 and 10–30 cm depths were collected in autumn 2009 and analysed for their C and N contents. The quality of SOM in the top layer was determined by 13C solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The SOC stock did not differ significantly because of rotation or fertilizer application types, even after 56 yr. However, the no‐till system showed a significantly higher SOC stock than the conventional‐till system at the 0–10 cm depth after the 26 yr of experiment, but it was not significantly different at the 10–30 cm depth. In terms of quality, SOM was found to differ by tillage type, rate of fertilizer application and crop rotation. The no‐till system showed an abundance of O‐alkyl C, while conventional‐till system indicated an apparently indirect enrichment in alkyl C, suggesting a more advanced stage of SOM decomposition. The long‐term quantitative and qualitative effects on SOM suggest that adopting a no‐tillage system and including grass in crop rotation and farmyard manure in fertilizer application may contribute to preserve soil fertility and mitigate climate change. 相似文献
18.
东北黑土有机质组分与结构的研究进展 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
在全球气候变化背景下研究土壤有机质的转化过程对于评价陆地生态系统碳截获潜力具有重要意义,而土壤有机质的循环特征及其稳定性与土壤有机质的组成和结构密切相关.东北黑土区是我国重要的商品粮基地,近年来,黑土有机质含量呈显著下降趋势,造成黑土肥力和质量的严重退化.本文通过文献资料的整理,总结了不同农田管理措施下黑土土壤有机质的消长动态、组分变化以及结构特征的研究现状,并探讨了研究中存在的问题.开垦和耕作导致土壤有机质总量、活性组分以及腐殖物质含量的显著降低,而平衡施用化肥和有机肥是维持和提升土壤有机质数量和质量的有效途径,长期有机无机配施使土壤有机质结构趋于简单化,有利于土壤肥力的保持.黑土有机质组分化学结构变化的驱动机制是值得人们长期探索的问题. 相似文献
19.
基于东北黑土长期定位试验,研究不同施肥措施对黑土活性有机质及其碳库管理指数的影响。结果表明:在不同施肥措施的影响下土壤有机质得到了不同程度的提高。撂荒处理(CK0)土壤有机质较初始值提高了35.62%;单施化肥处理有机质提高最小,为10%~15%;其次为秸秆还田处理提高了20%;有机肥和化肥配施处理土壤有机质提高效果最显著,为66.38%~92.13%。黑土活性有机质分布规律为高活性有机质、中活性有机质、低活性有机质分别占有机质含量的3.80%~10.28%、1.59%~12.32%、8.71%~27.45%。以撂荒处理为参考土壤,有机肥和化肥配施处理高活性有机质、中活性有机质碳库管理指数高于参考土壤;氮磷钾肥配施处理(NPK)高活性有机质及其高活性有机质碳库管理指数与参考土壤较为接近;单施氮肥处理(N)、施用氮肥和磷肥处理(NP)、施用氮肥和钾肥处理(NK)、施用磷肥和钾肥处理(PK)高活性有机质、中活性有机质及总活性有机质碳库管理指数均低于参考土壤。采用有机肥无机肥配施对提高黑土活性有机质含量,提高土壤碳库管理指数具有比较好的效果。 相似文献
20.
基于连续统去除法的南疆水稻土有机质含量预测 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
监测土壤有机质含量状况,可为土壤肥力诊断及土壤资源的合理开发利用提供科学依据。本研究通过对南疆191个水稻土样品的反射率数据进行连续统去除处理后,构建了有机质连续统去除光谱指数并提取了850~1 380、1 380~1 550、1 730~2 150、2 150~2 380 nm 4个波段的吸收特征参数,据此建立了多种定量反演模型。结果表明:经连续统去除后,有机质的吸收特征得到了有效放大,不同有机质含量的连续统去除曲线在850~1 380 nm,其有机质含量与连续统去除值呈正相关,与吸收面积呈负相关,而在1 730~2 150 nm波段则呈现相反的规律。反射率连续统去除值与有机质含量的相关性要优于反射率与之的相关性,而反射率一阶微分与连续统去除一阶微分与有机质的相关性差异不明显。不同有机质光谱指数模型之间的建模参数与预测能力差异不大,但均只具备初略估测有机质的能力。吸收特征参数模型中,仅有850~1 380 nm波段的面积归一化最大吸收深度(NMAD850~1380nm)所建模型具有较好的定量预测能力。以反射率、反射率连续统去除、反射率一阶微分、反射率连续统去除一阶微分所建的PLSR模型均具有较好的预测能力,相对分析误差均大于2.00。所有模型中,连续统去除一阶微分(CR′)模型的决定系数与相对分析误差最高,分别为0.91、2.58,均方根误差最低,其值为5.62,具有最好的预测能力。 相似文献