复合微生物菌剂与氨基酸水溶肥组合施用对香蕉土壤理化性质及微生物群落的影响

为了研究复合微生物菌剂和氨基酸水溶肥组合施用后香蕉土壤性质及微生物群落结构变化,在海南省东方市开展香蕉大田试验,以组合施用复合微生物菌剂与氨基酸水溶肥为处理组,在香蕉的苗期、中期、孕蕾期各处理一次,以滴灌清水为对照组,全部处理结束30 d后进行土壤取样,测定土壤理化性状,并提取土壤DNA进行土壤微生物高通量测序,对比研究土壤性质及菌群的变化情况。结果如下:(1)处理组有效地改善了土壤养分,土壤有效磷和速效钾含量极显著上升(P0.01);碱解氮显著增加(P0.05);根结线虫数量显著下降(P0.05)。(2)细菌测序结果表明,在目水平上,对照组土壤中细菌相对丰度≥2%的优势菌目在处理组土壤中都呈下降趋势;在属水平上,物种丰度≥1%的菌属中,处理组土壤的Rhodanobacter(罗丹杆菌属)、Sphingomonas(鞘氨醇单胞菌属)、Dyella(分类未定)的物种丰度都明显升高,其中Sphingomonas呈显著性升高。(3)真菌测序结果显示,处理组土壤中Colletotrichum(炭疽菌属)的丰度明显下降,但Penicillium(青霉菌属)的丰度有所升高。综上,采用复合微生物菌剂和氨基酸水溶肥组合处理,对土壤理化性状和微生物具有明显的改良和改善作用,有利于减少香蕉的病害发生。     

稻草还田配施腐解菌剂对水稻土壤微生物的影响

为探讨稻草还田配施腐解菌剂对水稻土壤微生物的影响,通过田间设置稻草还田(CK)和稻草还田配施腐解菌剂(SM)试验,结合常规的分析手段和基于16Sr DNA的末端限制性片段长度多态(TRFLP)技术研究了复合腐解菌剂促腐稻草全量还田后水稻产量、土壤矿质成分及土壤微生物多样性的变化。结果表明,与CK相比,SM的土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷含量和水稻产量分别提高了15.0%、31.0%、98.0%和5.9%;细菌、放线菌和真菌数量分别增加了14.66倍、1.50倍、2.78倍;亚硝化细菌、硝化细菌、反硝化细菌、好气性自生固氮菌、好气性纤维素分解菌、无机磷细菌、有机磷细菌、铁细菌和硅酸盐细菌数量分别提高了119.8%、55.6%、51.9%、40.5%、107.4%、70.8%、145.2%、140.1%、70.0%。T-RFLP分析表明,在SM中,与碳、硫循环相关的微生物、抗致病菌、有益菌数量增加,病原菌数量减少,群落结构变化显著。综上,在稻草全量还田机插栽培条件下,与单一稻草还田相比,添加促腐菌剂能更有效提高土壤矿质养分和改善土壤微生物群落的功能多样性,从而增加水稻产量。本研究结果为合理利用稻草还田提供了科学依据。     

玉米秸秆腐解规律及土壤微生物功能多样性研究

试验以玉米长期连作和玉米—小麦轮作土壤为研究对象,采用网袋法设定秸秆覆盖和深埋2个还田处理,间隔不同时间取样,分析秸秆腐解特征及土壤微生物群落功能多样性。结果表明,针对不同土壤来说,玉米—小麦轮作土壤中2种秸秆还田方式下(T1和T2),玉米秸秆腐解速率、养分(N、P和K)释放率均高于玉米长期连作土壤(CT1和CT2);不同秸秆腐解时间下,土壤微生物群落功能多样性各处理表现不同。总的来说,T1和T2处理的微生物群落平均颜色变化率、丰富度指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数均高于CT1和CT2。在玉米长期连作种植区,秸秆深埋比秸秆覆盖能更有效提高玉米秸秆腐解率和改善土壤微生物群落结构的功能多样性。     

氮肥减量配施微生物菌剂对灌淤土花椰菜产量及土壤微生物的影响

采用biolog微生物鉴定系统和平板稀释法探讨了氮肥减量配施自制微生物菌剂对花椰菜产量及根际土壤微生物的影响研究。结果表明:T₄（2/3倍N肥用量+微生物菌剂）、T₅（3/4倍N肥用量+微生物菌剂）和T₆（常规N肥用量+微生物菌剂）处理土壤细菌、放线菌和微生物总数数量分别增加了57.6%~321.54%,66.81%~83.62%和135.40%~232.07%,而土壤真菌数量降低34.08%~41.80%。与对照相比各施肥处理增加了土壤细菌占微生物总数的比例,降低了真菌和放线菌的比例,T₅和T₄处理效果最显著。与对照相比T₄,T₅和T₆处理显著提高了土壤微生物群总落碳源利用能力。T₄,T₅和T₆处理显著增加了土壤微生物群落对碳水化合物、羧酸类、聚合物类和氨基酸类碳源的代谢水平,T₃（单施微生物菌剂）处理显著增加了土壤微生物群落对羧酸类和聚合物类碳源的代谢水平。T₅和T₆处理对增加花椰菜产量、生物量效果接近,花椰菜产量分别增加了12.35%和10.75%,地下干生物量增加了57%左右,T₂（单施氮肥）和T₄处理增加花椰菜产量5%左右。     

覆盖作物不同利用方式对猕猴桃园土壤微生物群落结构的影响

为探讨覆盖作物不同利用方式对猕猴桃园土壤微生物群落结构的影响,通过磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)方法,研究覆盖作物处理对猕猴桃园土壤微生物群落结构的影响。试验设置3个处理,分别为种植覆盖作物+覆盖作物刈割后留在土壤表面自然腐解(T1)、种植覆盖作物+覆盖作物刈割后从园中清除(T2)和清耕对照(CK)。结果表明,T1、T2处理土壤微生物PLFAs总量和微生物量碳、氮均显著高于CK(P0.05);土壤pH和碳氮比是影响猕猴桃园土壤微生物群落的主要环境因子,pH与土壤微生物PLFAs总量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与细菌PLFAs量、革兰氏阴性菌PLFAs量呈显著正相关(P0.05),碳氮比与革兰氏阳性菌PLFAs量/革兰氏阴性菌PLFAs量呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。研究表明,猕猴桃园种植覆盖作物改变了土壤环境因子,影响土壤微生物群落结构组成。研究可为丹江口水源涵养区果园生态管理模式的探索提供理论依据。     

微生物菌剂对连作地块草莓生长、土壤养分及微生物群落的影响

为了研究微生物菌剂对连作地块草莓（Fragaria×ananassa Duch.）生长和土壤性状的影响，设置3个处理：不施用微生物菌剂（CK）、施用单一微生物菌剂（T1）和施用复合微生物菌剂（T2），统计草莓存活率和产量，并测定土壤样品的理化性状和微生物群落结构变化。结果表明，微生物菌剂处理有助于草莓的生长和增产。与CK相比，T1、T2的草莓存活率分别提高17.99和25.19个百分点，草莓产量分别增加30.16%和41.79%。微生物菌剂处理有效改善了土壤养分。与CK相比，T2土壤有效磷和速效钾含量显著提高18.31%和55.27%。然而，微生物菌剂处理提高了土壤电导率并降低了土壤pH值，长期施用微生物菌剂存在土壤盐渍化和酸化的风险。微生物群落结构分析结果表明，草莓土壤中细菌和真菌的优势菌门分别为厚壁菌门和子囊菌门，优势菌属分别为芽孢杆菌属和曲霉属。微生物菌剂施用提高了土壤真菌群落的丰富度和多样性，但对土壤细菌群落影响较小。与CK相比，微生物菌剂处理增加了芽孢杆菌属、根霉属和假霉样真菌属的相对丰度，其中根霉属和假霉样真菌属相对丰度在T2达到显著水平；降低了鞘氨醇单胞菌属、曲霉属和青霉...     

石油烃类污染物降解动力学和微生物群落多样性分析

为了探讨不同初始浓度石油污染土壤堆腐化修复机制,以石油降解菌剂和腐熟鸡粪为调理剂,研究了初始浓度分别为5 000(T1)、10 000(T2)和50 000 mg/kg(T3)的石油污染土壤堆腐化修复过程石油烃类污染物降解动力学特征和微生物群落多样性。结果表明:堆腐化修复过程石油烃类污染物降解符合一级反应动力学,反应常数分别为0.012、0.094和0.050 d-1,半衰期分别为6.79、7.37和13.86 d。整个堆腐过程石油烃类污染物平均降解速率分别为112.08、230.05和887.93 mg/(kg·d)。3个处理的孔平均颜色变化率(average well color development)和碳源利用率(除芳香烃类化合物外)随堆腐进程的推进逐渐升高,在堆腐中、后期达到最大,T3处理显著高于T1、T2处理。多聚物类和糖类代谢群是堆腐体系中的优势菌群。主成分分析表明3个处理的微生物群落差异显著(除第9天外),起分异作用的碳源主要是糖类和羧酸类。微生物群落的丰富度指数和均一度指数随堆腐进程的推进逐渐升高并在堆腐后期达到最大,与T1处理相比,T3处理分别高了0.21%和17.64%,差异达到显著水平(P0.05)。微生物群落优势度指数在中期达到最大,T1处理分别比T2、T3处理高2.12%和9.44%,3个处理间差异不显著(P0.05)。堆肥结束时3个处理的种子发芽指数(seed germination index,SGI)分别比堆腐初期提高了18.26%、20.42%和36.41%。该研究结果为黄土高原不同程度石油污染土壤堆腐化修复的应用提供参考依据和理论基础。     

不同植物秸秆腐解特性与土壤微生物功能多样性研究

采用网袋法探讨不同秸秆在3个长期试验地的腐解特征,结合Biolog微平板技术,对不同长期试验地土壤微生物群落多样性进行了研究。结果表明,随着腐解时间的增加,秸秆腐解的变化趋势为烘干秸秆新鲜秸秆。葡萄园土壤微生物活性高,稳定性好,其次为桃园和农田。农田土壤微生物活性低、稳定性差,不同处理的秸秆在腐解过程中残留率变化较大,而果园土壤微生物活性相对较高、稳定性好,不同处理的秸秆在腐解过程中残留率变化较小。土壤碱解氮、速效磷和土壤温度与土壤微生物群落的三大指数呈极显著相关,且不同秸秆处理的腐解残留率与土壤微生物群落的优势度呈显著负相关,微生物群落在一定程度上影响了秸秆分解的速率。     

PLFA方法研究连作对加工番茄根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响

通过在石河子大学农学院试验站开展加工番茄连作定点微区试验,采用氯仿熏蒸和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)法相结合,研究了不同连作处理(种植1 a、连作3 a、5 a和7 a)对新疆加工番茄花果期和成熟期根际土壤微生物群落结构及土壤微生物量的影响。结果表明,连作导致土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物量氮(SMBN)和微生物熵(q MB)下降,SMBC/SMBN升高,而微生物量磷(SMBP)随连作年限和生育期的变化而不同。连作显著增加了真菌PLFAs含量,降低了细菌PLFAs含量、土壤PLFAs总量及细菌/真菌PLFAs的比值,而放线菌PLFAs含量变化无规律。连作7 a时,成熟期的细菌PLFAs含量、土壤PLFAs总量较对照分别减少62.9%、50.3%(P0.05),而真菌PLFAs含量较对照升高60.2%(P0.05)。从多样性指数分析看,Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Brillouin指数和Pielou指数均随连作年限的延长呈先升后降的变化,其中连作3 a时各项指数最大,连作7 a时最小,表明在本试验年限范围内,连作使得微生物群落多样性与均匀程度皆出现了一定程度的降低。相关性分析表明,土壤微生物各类群PLFAs量、微生物量及土壤肥力之间存在相关性,说明土壤微生物量与土壤肥沃程度相关,可作为评价土壤肥力的生物学指标。可见,加工番茄连作改变了土壤微生物群落结构,降低了土壤微生物量,最终在根际土壤微生态系统和环境因子等因素的综合作用下产生连作障碍。     

土壤熏蒸和微生物菌剂防控大棚甜瓜连作障碍的土壤生态效应

连作障碍是限制甜瓜产业绿色可持续发展的重要因素。为明确土壤熏蒸和微生物菌剂缓解甜瓜连作障碍的效果及其土壤生态效应,优选防治大棚甜瓜连作障碍的措施,本研究比较了3种土壤熏蒸剂（棉隆、漂白粉、威百亩）和3种菌剂/菌肥（济元链复合微生物菌剂、硒霉菌复混肥料、聚谷氨酸复合微生物菌剂）施用对连作甜瓜产量、品质以及土壤pH、土壤电导率、养分含量、酶活性和微生物群落组成的影响。结果表明：与常规施肥相比,威百亩熏蒸条件下甜瓜单株结果数和产量分别降低27.7%和30.9%;棉隆处理土壤电导率、有效磷、速效钾含量分别降低31.9%、67.2%和26.6%。土壤熏蒸对细菌群落多样性无显著影响,但显著增加了土壤真菌群落多样性以及未知真菌物种的相对丰度。在促进土壤中生防促生细菌（如：Rokubacteriales、Ktedonobacteria、Thermoleophilia和Microbispora）积累的同时,棉隆熏蒸也加剧了土壤病原真菌（如：Ciboria）的积累。相反,3种微生物菌剂/菌肥施用条件下,连作甜瓜的产量、中心糖和边糖含量分别增加35.7%、3.5%和8.8%,土壤全氮、全碳含量,碳、氮、磷循...     

Microbial community structure and characteristics of the organic matter in soils under Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Betula pendula at two forest sites

 Microbial biomass C (C_mic), C mineralization rate, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and community level physiological profiles (CLPPs) using Biolog were determined from the humus and mineral soil layers in adjacent stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) at two forest sites of different fertility. In addition, the Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra were run on the samples for characterization of the organic matter. C_mic and C mineralization rate tended to be lowest under spruce and highest under birch, at the fertile site in all soil layers and at the less fertile site in the humus layer. There were also differences in microbial community structure in soils under different tree species. In the humus layer the PLFAs separated all tree species and in the mineral soil spruce was distinct from pine and birch. CLPPs did not distinguish microbial communities from the different tree species. The FTIR spectra did not separate the tree species, but clearly separated the two sites. Received: 3 December 1999     

Linking dynamics of soil microbial phospholipid fatty acids to carbon mineralization in a C natural abundance experiment: Impact of heavy metals and acid rain

A ¹³C natural abundance experiment including GC-c-IRMS analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) was conducted to assess the temporal dynamics of the soil microbial community and carbon incorporation during the mineralization of plant residues under the impact of heavy metals and acid rain. Maize straw was incorporated into (i) control soil, (ii) soil irrigated with acid rain, (iii) soil amended with heavy metal-polluted filter dust and (iv) soil with both, heavy metal and acid rain treatment, over a period of 74 weeks. The mineralization of maize straw carbon was significantly reduced by heavy metal impact. Reduced mineralization rate of the added carbon likely resulted from a reduction of the microbial biomass due to heavy metal stress, while the efficiency of ¹³C incorporation into microbial PLFAs was hardly affected. Since acid rain did not significantly change soil pH, little impact on soil microorganisms and mineralization rate was found. Temporal dynamics of labelling of microbial PLFAs were different between bacterial and fungal PLFA biomarkers. Utilization of maize straw by bacterial PLFAs peaked immediately after the application (2 weeks), while labelling of the fungal biomarker 18:2ω6,9 was most pronounced 5 weeks after the application. In general, ¹³C labelling of microbial PLFAs was closely linked to the amounts of maize carbon present in the soil. The distinct higher labelling of microbial PLFAs in the heavy metal-polluted soils 74 weeks after application indicated a large fraction of available maize straw carbon still present in the soil.     

生物有机肥对土壤微生物活性的影响

通过两次连续温室玉米盆栽试验,研究了施用具有调节微生物功能的生物有机肥对土壤微生物数量与活性的影响,并利用传统平板计数法与BIOLOGECO方法相结合研究生物有机肥对土壤微生物生态的影响。结果表明,与化肥相比,施用生物有机肥可显著提高土壤微生物中3大菌群的数量;AWCD值及微生物对不同碳底物利用水平的测定结果表明,施用生物有机肥可明显提高土壤微生物对碳源的利用率,尤其土壤中的羧酸、胺类和其他类碳源等。表明生物有机肥的施用能增加土壤微生物利用碳源能力,改善微生物营养条件,使微生物保持较高活性,提高土壤微生物多样性。     

保护性耕作对黑土微生物群落的影响

耕作方式通过影响土壤微生物群落而影响土壤生态系统过程。本研究以传统耕作玉米连作处理为对照,通过测定土壤微生物量碳及磷脂脂肪酸含量,分析了保护性耕作(包括免耕玉米连作和免耕大豆-玉米轮作)对黑土微生物群落的影响。结果表明,保护性耕作可显著增加土壤表层(0～5cm)全碳、全氮、水溶性有机碳、碱解氮和微生物量碳(P0.05),为微生物代谢提供了丰富的资源。同时,保护性耕作显著提高了土壤表层(0～5cm)总脂肪酸量、真菌和细菌生物量(P0.05),提高了土壤的真菌/细菌值,有利于农田土壤生态系统的稳定性。研究结果对于探讨保护性耕作的内在机制具有重要意义。     

间套作玉米对线辣椒根际土壤微生物生态特征的影响

采用常规稀释平板法、氯仿熏蒸法、BIOLOG GN微平板反应系统及种间根系分隔技术, 以线辣椒单作(SC)为试验对照, 研究了间套作处理[玉米/线辣椒套作+根部塑料膜分隔(ICP)、玉米/线辣椒套作+根部尼龙网分隔(ICM)、玉米/线辣椒套作根部无分隔(ICN)]对线辣椒根际土壤微生物生态特征的影响。结果表明: 整个线辣椒生育期内, 各套作处理线辣椒根际土壤微生物总数与细菌总数具有相同的变化趋势, ICN和ICM处理的真菌、细菌、放线菌数量和细菌/真菌(B/F)、放线菌/真菌(A/F)比值均大于ICP与SC处理。盛果期, ICN处理根际土壤微生物量碳和微生物量氮比同处理其他生育期增加14.2%~54.0%和10.6%~54.7%。各处理土壤微生物群落AWCD的变化随培养时间呈现明显的"S"型曲线。间套作玉米显著提高了线辣椒根际土壤微生物群落的Shannon-Wiener指数(P<0.05)、Simpson指数、种间相遇几率和McIntosh指数(P<0.05), 并改变了土壤微生物对单一碳源的利用能力。线辣椒根际土壤微生物的不同多样性指数分别与其生物学产量之间存在显著或极显著正相关。说明间套作改善了土壤微生态环境。     

Labile,recalcitrant, microbial carbon and nitrogen and the microbial community composition at two Abies faxoniana forest elevations under elevated temperatures

We investigated the interactions of altitude and artificial warming on the soil microbial community structure in a subalpine Abies faxoniana forest in southwestern China after four years of warming. Open top chambers (OTCs) at two elevations (3000 m and 3500 m) were established, and their soil microbial characteristics, organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were measured. The microbial community structure was quantified by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. A two-step sulfuric acid hydrolysis was used to quantify the labile and recalcitrant C fractions in the soil organic matter. The results showed that bacterial PLFAs and gram-negative bacterial PLFAs increased and the fungal PLFAs and the fungi/bacteria ratio decreased with warming at the high altitude. By contrast, the warming effects on those parameters at low altitude were small. The higher proportion of labile easily decomposable soil C may explain the different responses of the microbial community composition at the two altitudes. An RDA analysis confirmed that the variations in the soil community structure were significantly associated with soil organic matter properties such as the sizes of the soil labile N pool (LP-N), the recalcitrant N pool (RP-N), and the labile C pool as well as dissolved organic C (DOC) and dissolved organic N concentrations (DON). Our results also showed that labile C and N pools increased with the altitude, but the microbial biomass C as measured with chloroform fumigation techniques decreased. Warming increased only the recalcitrant C pools at the high altitude. Given the longer mean residence time for recalcitrant C and the much greater size of this soil organic carbon pool, the results indicated that a rise in temperature in our case increased soil C pools at higher altitudes, at least during the early stages of experimental soil warming. Warming could also cause changes in the composition of the microbial community and enzyme activities, consequently leading to functional changes in soil ecosystem processes at the high altitude.     

分根装置中接种AM真菌对玉米秸秆降解及土壤微生物量碳、氮和酶活性的影响

本试验通过两室分根装置种植玉米,利用网袋法研究接种Glomus mosseae和Glomus etunicatum两种AM真菌对玉米秸秆降解的影响。试验分别在玉米移栽后第20 d、30 d、40 d、50 d和60 d时取样,通过测定接种AM真菌后玉米秸秆中碳、氮释放,土壤中3种常见酶活性、微生物量碳、微生物量氮及土壤呼吸的动态变化,探讨AM真菌降解玉米秸秆可能的作用机制。研究结果表明:经60 d的培养后,与未接种根室相比,接种G.mosseae和G.etunicatum真菌的菌根室玉米秸秆降解量提高了20.75%和20.97%;另外,接种G.mosseae和G.etunicatum加快了玉米秸秆碳素释放,降低了氮素释放,致使碳氮比降低25.45%和26.17%,有利于秸秆进一步降解。在本试验条件下,接种AF真菌的菌根室中土壤酸性磷素酶、蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶活性均有显著提高,并增加了微生物量碳、氮和土壤呼吸作用,形成了明显有别于根际的微生物区系。这一系列影响都反映出AM真菌能够直接或间接作用于玉米秸秆的降解过程,是导致玉米秸秆降解加快的重要原因。     

Organic matter accumulation and fertilizer-induced acidification interact to affect soil microbial and enzyme activity on a long-term sugarcane management experiment

The effects of crop residue management and fertilizer applications on the size and activity of the microbial community and the activity of exocellular enzymes involved in mineralization of C, N, P and S were examined on a long-term (60 years) field trial under sugarcane situated at Mount Edgecombe, South Africa. Treatments at the site included pre-harvest burning with harvest residues removed (B), burning with harvest residues (unburnt tops) left on the soil surface (B_t) and green cane harvesting with retention of a trash blanket (T). Plots were either fertilized annually with N, P and K or unfertilized. The size and activity of the microbial community and the activity of soil enzymes assayed increased with increasing inputs of crop residues (B < B_t < T) and this effect was evident to a depth of 30 cm. The metabolic quotient was decreased by inputs of both crop residues and fertilizers. Annual fertilizer additions did not affect basal respiration, increased fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis rate and acid phosphatase, invertase and protease activities and decreased arginine ammonification rate and dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase and histidase activities. These effects were attributed to an interaction between the positive effect of fertilizer in increasing the size of the microbial biomass and the negative effect of fertilizer-N-induced soil acidification on microbial activity and on the activity of exocellular enzymes. Such results demonstrate the importance of using a range of measurements of microbial and enzyme activity when determining the effects of management on soil microbial and biochemical properties.     

甘蔗间作玉米对甘蔗根际微生物代谢功能多样性的影响

为探讨甘蔗间作玉米种植对甘蔗根际土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,在云南元江和陇川甘蔗种植区设置甘蔗间作玉米和单作甘蔗田间小区试验,采用Biolog技术研究了甘蔗间作玉米对甘蔗根际微生物代谢功能的影响。结果表明:陇川试验点甘蔗间作玉米田土壤微生物代谢功能多样性指数Shannon多样性指数、Simpson指数、Mc Intosh指数、Shannon均匀度指数和Mc Intosh均匀度指数分别比甘蔗单作田提高7.08%、11.25%、63.16%、1.31%和2.26%;元江试验点,甘蔗间作玉米田土壤微生物代谢功能多样性指数Shannon多样性指数、Simpson指数、Mc Intosh指数、Shannon均匀度指数和Mc Intosh均匀度指数分别比甘蔗单作田提高10.58%、48.40%、43.42%、0.20%和1.65%。由此表明甘蔗间作玉米种植提高了甘蔗根际土壤微生物的多样性。甘蔗间作玉米种植提高了甘蔗根际微生物对碳源的利用率,且元江甘蔗根际土壤微生物对碳源的利用效率低于陇川。与单作甘蔗相比,元江试验点间作甘蔗根际碳水化合物类、氨基酸类、多聚物类、胺类、羧酸类和酚酸类利用率分别提高141.71%、50.53%、62.38%、92.82%、43.21%和6.30%,陇川试验点分别提高42.90%、51.50%、33.30%、42.64%、16.72%和24.47%。其中,两个试验区间作田甘蔗根际土壤微生物对碳源D-纤维二糖、D,L-a-甘油、D-半乳糖-γ-内酯、L-丝氨酸、甘氨酰-L-谷氨酸和2-羟苯甲酸的利用率比单作显著提高100%以上。通过主成分分析,发现甘蔗与玉米间作改变了甘蔗根际微生物的群落组成及其代谢功能,且碳水化合物类、羧酸类和氨基酸这3类碳源是区分甘蔗单作和间作处理间差异的敏感碳源。陇川试验点,对土壤微生物代谢功能影响较大的碳源主要包括2种多聚化合物、6种碳水化合物、2种羧酸类化合物、4种氨基酸和1种酚酸;元江试验点,对土壤微生物代谢功能影响较大的碳源主要包括1种多聚化合物、5种碳水化合物、3种羧酸类化合物、4种氨基酸和2种胺类化合物。综上所述,宿根甘蔗间作玉米提高了甘蔗根际微生物群落的多样性,增加了根际微生物的活性,改变了微生物群落的代谢功能。研究结果可为作物间作对土壤微生物多样性分析及增产机理研究提供新的思路和理论基础。