伏牛山区迎河小流域不同土地利用类型的土壤粒径分布特征

为探讨伏牛山区坡耕地土壤物理性能的退化特征,在河南省鲁山县迎河小流域,利用激光粒度仪和土壤分形模型,比较分析了4种土地利用类型的土壤粒径分布(PSD)及其分形特征.研究结果表明:1)土壤PSD简单分维(Dv)以乔木林地最高(2.658),坡耕地最低(2.489),多重分维(容量维D0、信息维D1、关联维D2)以乔木林地最高(0.941、0.926、0.91),坡耕地最低(0.927、0.899、0.849).不同分形参数均表现为:坡耕地＜灌草坡地和水平梯田＜乔木林地;2)土壤PSD的Dv、D0、D1和D2,与黏粒和粉粒体积分数显著正相关,与砂粒体积分数显著负相关.因此,利用土壤PSD简单分形和多重分形维数,可量化表征土壤质地的粗细程度和非均匀性质的差别;坡耕地土壤质地的粗粒化程度和非均匀性明显大于其他土地利用类型;土壤细粒(黏粒和粉粒)物质流失是坡耕地土壤质地粗粒化和非均匀程度增大的重要原因.     

荒漠-绿洲边缘区生态过渡带的土壤颗粒分形特征

通过实地采样和实验室分析,测定了黑河中游荒漠绿洲边缘区生态过渡带的土壤粒级分布、有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、速效氮(AN)和速效磷(AP)的含量,并采用1993年杨培岭等提出的用粒径的重量分布代替数量分布的土壤分形模型,计算了土壤颗粒分形维数;最后利用统计分析法,研究了颗粒分形维数与土壤粒级分布及各养分指标的关系.结果表明:从荒漠边缘向绿洲延伸的过渡带,土壤中砂粒含量占绝对优势,粉粒居中,黏粒最少,采样区土壤质地较粗;土壤颗粒分形维数在2.105～2.609之间变动,处于极低水平,与土壤各养分指标具有相似的变化趋势,除靠近绿洲区存在一个"生态裂谷"外,整体呈上升趋势;利用相关分析法得出,土壤颗粒分形维数与砂粒含量呈显著负相关,与黏粉粒及各养分指标均呈显著的正相关;利用回归分析法进行定量分析,砂粒含量每增加1g/kg,颗粒分形维数D降低0.0019个单位;粉粒和黏粒含量每增加1g/kg,颗粒分形维数D分别增加0.002和0,023个单位,对土壤颗粒分形维数变化幅度的影响依次为黏粒>粉粒>砂粒,分形维数对黏粒含量的变化最为敏感.因此,可以将土壤颗粒分形维数作为衡量荒漠-绿洲边缘区土壤养分变化状况的指标之一,用于反映荒漠绿洲区土壤的退化状况.     

向家坝工程扰动区不同生态修复模式边坡土壤颗粒分形特征

[目的]研究不同生态修复后边坡土壤颗粒分形特征,为分形维数作为评价修复后向家坝工程扰动区边坡土壤质量的综合指标提供科学依据。[方法]以向家坝工程扰动区6种不同生态修复模式下的0—10 cm边坡土壤为研究对象,通过野外采样和室内试验,采用单重和多重分形理论相结合的方法,研究自然演替与人工修复模式下土壤粒径分布(PSD)和分形特征及土壤养分特征并分析了其相关关系。[结果]不同生态修复模式下土壤颗粒组成以粉粒和砂粒为主,黏粒含量较少,粒径分布不均匀。天然林地土壤养分含量相对较高且土壤颗粒较细。黏粒与D_v呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),与土壤有机碳和速效氮呈显著正相关(p<0.05),粉粒含量与D₁,D₂呈极显著负相关(p<0.01),砂粒与D₁,D₂呈极显著正相关(p<0.01)。土壤养分与黏粒、粉粒含量呈不显著正相关,与砂粒含量,D₁,D₂呈不显著负相关。[结论]向家坝工程扰动区土壤颗粒以粉粒和砂粒为主,土壤质地较...     

PLA平铺沙障对沙丘土壤颗粒分形特征的影响

采用室外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,统计分析了毛乌素沙地PLA沙障铺设5年后的土壤颗粒粒径组成、分形维数及其与土壤砂粒(0.05 mm)、粉粒(0.05~0.002 mm)和黏粒(0.002 mm)含量的之间的关系。结果表明:研究区沙物质颗粒主要以粒径大于0.05 mm的细沙、极细沙为主。设置PLA沙障后,导致沙丘中粗沙含量减少,黏粒物质增加。沙障规格对土壤分形维数的影响表现为规格越小,土壤分形维数越大。沙丘表层分形维数与砂粒含量(0.05 mm)呈极显著的负相关关系,而与黏粒含量呈极显著的正相关关系。该地区颗粒分形维数的临界粒径为0.05 mm粒径物质,低于0.05 mm的颗粒含量越多,分形维数越高,反之则越低。设置PLA沙障后,黏粒物质聚集和沙粒物质的降低共同导致分形维数的增加。     

大黑山生态修复区不同植被类型土壤颗粒的分形特征

运用土壤粒径质量分布原理与分形理论,对大黑山生态修复区6种不同植被类型土壤颗粒分形特征进行研究。结果表明：1）不同植被类型土壤颗粒粒径的质量分数分布差别很大,土壤黏粒和粉粒含量林地比荒草地高87.47%和89.94%,砂粒含量和细砾与粗砾含量林地比荒草地低25.09%和19.19%;土壤粉粒和黏粒含量黑桦＋山杨混交林、蒙古栎和山榆等天然次生林地明显高于山杏和油松等人工林地。2）有林地土壤颗粒分形维数明显大于荒草地,天然次生林土壤颗粒分形维数大于人工林,且以天然次生混交林最大。3）不同植被类型土壤颗粒分形维数与土壤粒径〈0.05 mm的黏粒含量和粒径0.05-0.25 mm之间的粉粒含量呈明显的线性正相关关系,土壤的颗粒越小,细粒含量越高,分形维数越大。4）不同植被类型土壤颗粒分形维数与土壤不均匀系数呈较好的线性负相关关系,随着土壤不均匀系数的降低,土壤颗粒分形维数增大。除荒草地外,大黑山生态修复区其他5种植被类型土壤均为不均匀性良好的土壤,以天然次生林土壤粒径分布结构较好,尤其是以天然次生混交林的最好,其次是人工林的。     

元谋干热河谷区土壤粒径分布分形特征

应用JL-1177激光粒度分布测试仪,获取元谋干热河谷区内三种不同土地利用方式下45个土壤样品的粒径分布(PSD),利用分形几何学方法分析土壤粒径分布分形特征。结果表明:1)元谋干热河谷区土壤分形维数D分布在1.8854~2.7709,平均值为2.2895,D值与土壤粉粒含量线性相关较显著,其大小顺序为粉壤土粉土,林地土壤草地土壤裸地土壤。2)土壤分形维数D与土壤黏粒、砂粒含量呈正相关,与粉粒含量呈负相关。3)偏相关分析表明,0.5~0.25 mm与0.05~0.02 mm粒径含量越高,土壤分形维数D越低,0.25~0.05 mm与0.02~0.002 mm粒径含量越高,土壤分形维数D越高。     

黄土丘陵区典型植被土壤剖面的颗粒分形特征

运用分形理论研究陕北安塞五里湾流域5种典型植被0～200 cm土壤剖面土壤颗粒大小分布(particle size distribution,PSD)及其体积分形维数分布特征,并进一步分析土壤PSD的分形维数与土壤有机碳、全氮和含水量的相关性。结果表明:研究区典型植被群落土壤颗粒组成主要为细颗粒(黏粒和粉粒),其中粉粒体积分数占总颗粒的56.82%～71.99%;铁杆蒿草地的细颗粒平均体积分数最大(78.86%),乔木林的最小(65.77%)。5种典型植被群落土壤PSD的体积分形维数介于2.498～2.599,均表现出随着土层深度的增加呈递增趋势;相同土层深度的分形维数呈现出铁杆蒿草地黄芪草地农田灌木林乔木林的趋势,灌木林和农田间差异不显著,其他植被群落间差异显著。典型植被土壤PSD的体积分形维数与黏粒、粉粒的体积分数和含水量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),但与砂粒的体积分数呈极显著负相关(P 0.01),与有机碳含量呈显著负相关(P 0.05)。     

土壤颗粒的分形特征及其应用

本文应用土壤颗粒的质量分布原理来描述土壤颗粒的分形特征。通过对10种土壤颗粒的机械组成进行分析,分别计算出它们的分形维数（D=2.489～2.896）,并分析了其与土壤质地之间的关系。同时对土壤颗粒分形维数与所对应土壤的幂函数型水分特征曲线的拟合分形维数进行比较分析,建立了二者之间的相关关系。结果表明:分形维数的大小反映了土壤质地中粘粒、粉粒和砂粒含量的变化,随粘粒含量的增多分形维数增大,随砂粒含量的增多分形维数减小;同时土壤颗粒分形维数与所对应的水分特征曲线的拟合分形维数呈现出良好的一致性,因而对所研究的土壤而言,可应用土壤颗粒的质量分形维数结合幂函数模型来估算土壤水分特性曲线。     

沙柳沙障对沙丘土壤颗粒粒径及分形维数的影响

统计分析了库布齐沙漠流动沙丘、设置沙柳活沙障和死沙障沙丘的土壤颗粒粒径分布、分形维数及其与土壤砂粒(>0.05 mm)、粉粒(0.05~0.002 mm)和黏粒(<0.002 mm)含量的关系。结果表明:与流动沙丘相比,设置沙障沙丘的粉粒和黏粒含量增加,且随着土层的加深而表现为下降趋势,不同部位则均呈沙丘下部>上部>中部的趋势。土壤颗粒分形维数因设置沙障而呈增大趋势,且表现为活沙障沙丘>死沙障沙丘>流动沙丘;垂直分布上,设置沙障沙丘的土壤分形维数随土层加深而逐渐减小,而流动沙丘表现为表层与下层大而中层小的特征,沙丘不同部位的分形维数则均表现为沙丘下部>上部>中部。土壤颗粒分形维数大小与土壤质地的细粒化有一致的变化趋势,且与砂粒含量呈极显著负相关关系,而与黏粒含量、粉粒含量呈极显著正相关关系。<0.05 mm粒径物质含量的增加和>0.05 mm粒径物质含量的降低共同导致了土壤颗粒分形维数在设置沙障后的增大。     

北江干流河岸带不同植被类型土壤粒径分形特征

结合野外调查与室内试验,以北江干流河岸带竹林、桉树林、混交林和草地土壤为对象,对比分析了不同植被类型土壤的颗粒组成与分形维数(D)特征及其与其他土壤理化性质的相关性。结果表明:北江干流河岸带土壤结构良好(D=2.79),质地均一,粒径分布均匀(粉粒、砂粒、黏粒百分比分别为40.66%,36.59%,22.75%),但随粒级增大,空间变异增强;D值与土壤颗粒组成显著相关,随黏粒和粉粒含量升高、砂粒含量降低,D值升高;不同植被类型土壤分形与颗粒组成差异明显,其中砂粒含量表现为竹林混交林草地桉树林,D值、粉粒和黏粒含量均表现为桉树林草地混交林竹林,竹林和桉树林对土壤结构的影响差异有显著(p0.05),其他植被类型影响差异不显著;D值、黏粒含量均与硝态氮(NO-3-N)和全磷(TP)含量分别呈显著负相关和显著正相关(p0.05)关系,土壤砂粒含量与含水量(SM)呈显著负相关(p0.05),土壤粉粒含量只与SM呈显著正相关,另外,D值、砂粒、粉粒和黏粒含量与总有机碳(TOC)和全氮(TN)的相关性均不显著。河岸带土壤受多种因素影响,其土壤理化性质间的相互关系与其他景观差异明显。     

土壤颗粒分布的单多重分形及联合多重分形分析

It is noted that there has been little research to compare volume-based and number-based soil particle size distributions(PSDs).Our objectives were to characterize the scaling properties and the possible connections between volume-based and number-based PSDs by applying single and joint multifractal analysis.Twelve soil samples were taken from selected sites in Northwest China and their PSDs were analyzed using laser diffractometry.The results indicated that the volume-based PSDs of all 12 samples and the number-based PSDs of 4 samples had multifractal scalings for moment order -6 < q < 6.Some empirical relationships were identified between the extreme probability values,maximum probability(P max),minimum probability(P min),and P max /P min,and the multifractal indices,the difference and the ratio of generalized dimensions at q = 0 and 1(D 0 - D 1 and D 1 /D 0),maximum and minimum singularity strength(α max and α min) and their difference(α max - α min,spectrum width),and asymmetric index(R D).An increase in P max generally resulted in corresponding increases of D 0 -D 1,α max,α max -α min,and R D,which indicated that a large P max increased the multifractality of a distribution.Joint multifractal analysis showed that there was significant correlation between the scaling indices of volume-based and number-based PSDs.The multifractality indices indicated that for a given soil,the volume-based PSD was more homogeneous than the number-based PSD,and more likely to display monofractal rather than multifractal scaling.     

机械压实对复垦土壤粒径分布多重分形特征的影响

在高潜水位矿区复垦施工现场,运用多重分形理论研究不同碾压次数下复垦土壤粒径分布特征,以阐明机械压实对复垦土壤粒径分布非均匀性和异质性的影响。结果表明:机械碾压在46.8%~99.9%程度上解释0~20和20~40 cm土层土壤粒径分布特征的变化,随着碾压次数增加,复垦土壤颗粒呈细粒化趋势,容量维D(0)随之减小,表征粒径分布范围减小;奇异谱对称性Δf随之增加,表征粒径分布不对称性增加;信息维D(1)、信息维/容量维D(1)/D(0)、关联维D(2)和奇异谱谱宽Δα随之波动变化,表征粒径分布集中程度、局部密集程度和均匀性波动变化。研究发现D(1)和D(1)/D(0),D(2)和Δα相关系数分别0.767(P0.01)和-0.488(P0.05),在表征复垦土壤粒径分布集中程度和均匀性上具有相似作用,多重分形参数可多角度描述机械碾压过程中土壤粒径分布的细微差别,其中D(0)、Δα和Δf能够灵敏反映复垦土壤紧实度变化,这为深入研究复垦土壤压实问题提供一种精确分析方法。     

Response of soil multifractal characteristics and erodibility to 15-year fertilization on cropland in the Loess Plateau,China

Understanding the influence of long-term fertilization on the multifractal characteristics and erodibility of soil of cultivated land on the Loess Plateau of China could help prevent soil erosion and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. We collected 27 soil samples from 0 to20 cm layers of nine fertilizer treatments. Rényi spectrum (D_q) and singularity spectrum (?(α)) were applied to characterize soil particle-size distribution (PSD). The multifractal parameters of capacity dimension (D₀), entropy dimension (D₁), Hölder exponent of order zero (α₀), and erodibility K and anti-erodibility indices (aggregate state and degree) were used to determine the effect of fertilization on soil properties and erodibility. The multifractal models could characterize the PSDs in the various fertilizer treatments well. Treatments receiving manure had higher D₀, D₁, α₀, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, aggregate state and degree and lower erodibility. It was concluded that D₀, D₁, and α₀ could clearly discriminate among the various treatments, and the combined application of mineral fertilizers and organic manure greatly improved soil quality and structure of the cultivated land in the Loess Plateau. Furthermore, changes of multifractal parameters D₀, D₁, and α₀, especially D₁, was mainly due to the reduced soil erosion and the increase of SOC.     

Assessing soil particle-size distribution on experimental plots with similar texture under different management systems using multifractal parameters

Soil particle-size distribution (PSD) is a fundamental soil physical attribute with dominant influence on many other soil properties. Laser diffraction combined with multifractal analyses have proven to be useful to obtain precise information from PSDs. The aim of this work was to assess similitude or difference of PSDs sampled on plots of an experimental field and belonging to the same textural class using multifractal parameters. The field experiment consisted of two tillage treatments and two cropping systems. It was conducted following a randomized complete split-block design with four replications on a Humic Dystrudept. Tillage treatments were conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) while crop rotations were ryegrass-sorghum (RS) and ryegrass-corn (RC). Particle-size distribution analysis by the sieve-pipette and by laser diffraction corroborate that all the samples were assigned to the same textural class. Singularity spectra f(α) and Rényi spectra, D_q, showed that multifractal distribution was a suitable model for PSDs obtained by laser diffraction. However, in the range of moments − 10 < q < 10, the r² values for the linear fits leading to a Rényi spectrum, D_q, were higher than those for the singularity spectrum, suggesting the former was better defined than the latter. No significant differences in multifractal parameters were found between plots with contrasted crop rotation, RS and RC. In contrast, Hölder exponent of order zero (α₀) and several parameters derived from the left branch of both, the f(α) and the D_q spectra, were significantly different between CT and NT treatments. No effects of mixing by cultivation were detected in our work, so that differences in PSDs between no-tilled and conventionally-tilled plots were simply attributed to patchiness and variation on the experimental field. Multifractal analysis of PSDs measured by laser diffraction provides further insight in verifying patterns of between plot soil texture variations (i.e. randomness or trends) in completely randomized block designs.     

Multifractal characteristics of soil particle size distribution under different land-use types on the Loess Plateau,China

Soil particle-size distribution (PSD) is one of the most important physical attributes due to its great influence on soil properties related to water movement, productivity, and soil erosion. The multifractal measures were useful tools in characterization of PSD in soils with different taxonomies. Land-use type largely influences PSD in a soil, but information on how this occurs for different land-use types is very limited. In this paper, multifractal Rényi dimension was applied to characterize PSD in soils with the same taxonomy and different land-use types. The effects of land use on the multifractal parameters were then analyzed. The study was conducted on the hilly-gullied regions of the Loess Plateau, China. A Calcic Cambisols soil was sampled from five land-use types: woodland, shrub land, grassland, terrace farmland and abandoned slope farmland with planted trees (ASFP). The result showed that: (1) entropy dimension (D₁) and entropy dimension/capacity dimension ratio (D₁/D₀) were significantly positively correlated with finer particle content and soil organic matter. (2) D₀, D₁ and D₁/D₀ were significantly influenced by land use. Land use could explain 24.6–58.5% of variability of D₀, D₁/D₀ and D₁, which may be potential parameters to reflect soil physical properties and soil quality influenced by land use.     

树儿梁小流域坝地土壤颗粒的分形特征

土壤颗粒的分形维数是重要的土壤物理特性,为研究坝地土壤颗粒分形维数的内涵和利用土壤颗粒的分形维数来描述与土壤性质的关系,本研究计算了树儿梁小流域坝地土壤颗粒的分形维数,并分析了分形维数与各粒级组成及其土壤养分的关系.结果表明:树儿梁坝地土壤颗粒的分形维数随土壤黏粒的增加而增大,坝前、坝中、坝尾土壤颗粒的分形维数分别为2...     

不同耕作年限水稻土土壤颗粒的体积分形特征研究

应用基于土壤颗粒体积分布确定土壤颗粒大小分布分形维数的方法,对浙江慈溪耕作年限分别为50、100、500、700、1000和2000年的水稻土土壤颗粒体积分形特征进行了研究.结果表明:同基于土壤颗粒质量分布的分形维数相比,基于土壤颗粒体积分布的分形维数计算不需要密度假设,更具有合理性.不同年限水稻土的土壤颗粒大小分布能被体积分形模型显著拟合(p＜0.01).土壤颗粒体积分形维数与黏粒的体积百分含量之间呈显著正相关(p＜0.01),与粉粒和砂粒的体积百分含量之间呈显著负相关(p＜0.01),其中与黏粒含量关系最为密切.耕作年限对水稻土土壤颗粒的体积分形维数和分形模型的拟合度均有一定影响.与50 ～ 500年水稻土相比,700 ～ 2000年水稻土剖面中土壤颗粒体积分形维数的变异性和均值较高,但其拟合决定系数则较低;耕作年限会对水稻土剖面中黏粒的含量和分布产生影响,进而影响到剖面土壤的颗粒体积分形特征;对于同一质地类型的土壤,耕作年限越长,分形维数越高.     

农田土壤颗粒尺寸分布分维及颗粒体积分数的空间变异性

盐渍土膜下滴灌过程中的土壤理化性质存在空间变异性,对灌溉管理有一定影响。该文根据3个不同尺度下土壤采样及颗粒尺寸分布（PSD）测定结果,探讨了土壤PSD分维和颗粒体积分数之间的定量关系,分析了各尺度和综合尺度下土壤PSD分维和颗粒体积分数的经典统计特征和地质统计特征,根据颗粒体积分数的半方差函数计算了不同尺度颗粒体积分数的分形维,并做出了等值线图。研究表明,土壤PSD分维与黏粒的体积分数呈正相关关系,黏粒体积分数增大引起PSD分维增加的原因在于细颗粒的比表面积比粗颗粒的大;各尺度土壤PSD分维及颗粒体积分数均无强变异特征;不同尺度下土壤PSD分形维的半方差函数中块金和基台值均非常低;50 m尺度土壤PSD分维和黏粒体积分数的等值线图具有类似的集中度和走势,而砂粒体积分数和粉粒体积分数则具有相反的集中度和走势。该研究说明土壤PSD分维和颗粒体积分数都有一定的尺度依赖性。