不同磷源对设施菜田土壤速效磷及其淋溶阈值的影响

土壤中磷的移动性不仅取决于磷的数量且与磷肥形态有关。了解不同磷源（有机肥和化肥）对设施菜田土壤磷素的影响对于指导科学施肥和面源污染防治至关重要。本文选取河北省饶阳县3种不同磷含量的农田土壤（未种植过蔬菜的土壤、种植蔬菜30年的塑料大棚土壤和种植蔬菜4年的日光温室土壤）为研究对象，采用室内培养试验和数学模型模拟方法研究有机无机磷源对设施菜田土壤磷素的影响，确定无机肥和有机肥源土壤磷素淋溶的环境阈值。结果表明添加有机肥和无机磷肥都会显著增加3种不同种植年限设施菜田土壤速效磷（Olsen-P）和氯化钙磷（CaCl₂-P）含量，但增加速度不同。对于未种植过蔬菜的低磷对照土壤，磷投入量高于50 mg·kg^-1（干土）后，无机肥比有机肥显著提高了土壤Olsen-P含量。对于已种植蔬菜30年的塑料大棚土壤，高磷投入时[300 mg·kg^-1（干土）和600 mg·kg^-1（干土）]，无机肥比有机肥显著提高了土壤Olsen-P含量，低于此磷投入量时有机肥和无机肥处理之间没有显著差异。3种不同农田土壤CaCl₂-P的含量所有处理均表现出无机肥显著高于有机肥处理，尤其是在高磷量[>300 mg·kg^-1（干土）]投入时表现更加明显。两段式线性模拟结果表明，设施菜田土壤有机肥源磷素和无机肥源磷素淋溶阈值分别为87.8 mg·kg^-1和198.7 mg·kg^-1。随着土壤Olsen-P的增加，添加无机肥源磷对设施菜田土壤CaCl₂-P含量的增加速率是有机肥源磷的两倍。因此，建议在河北省高磷设施菜田应减少无机磷肥的投入，特别是土壤速效磷高于198.7 mg·kg^-1的设施菜田应禁止使用化学磷肥和有机肥，在土壤速效磷低于198.7 mg·kg^-1的设施菜田应加大有机肥适度替代无机肥技术的推广。     

温度和水分对黄土丘陵区3 种典型土地利用方式下土壤释放CO2 潜力的影响

为探讨影响土壤释放CO₂ 潜力的因素, 本研究采集黄土丘陵区3 种典型土地利用方式下(苹果园、退牧草地、辽东栎林地)的原状土壤样品, 室内进行不同温度和水分梯度的培养试验, 测定培养过程中土壤释放CO₂ 的速率以及土壤的理化性质, 并分析其对土壤释放CO₂ 潜力的影响。结果表明: 影响土壤释放CO₂ 速率的主要因素是温度, 指数模型Ra=ae^bT 可以很好地预测土壤呼吸速率随温度的变化情况。含水率对土壤呼吸速率影响不大, 但含水率对Q₁₀ 值的影响明显, 较高或较低的水分情况下都会降低土壤呼吸速率随温度变化的敏感程度。3 种土地利用方式下, 土壤释放CO₂ 的速率表现为: 林地土壤>草地土壤>果园土壤。土壤理化性质中, 有机碳对土壤呼吸的影响最大, 其次为有机氮; 此外微生物量碳很可能是间接影响土壤CO₂ 释放速率的一个因素。     

环境因素对自然气调下双孢蘑菇呼吸速率影响的初步研究

研究了温度、容器内顶隙气体体积与双孢蘑菇体积比、O₂浓度、CO₂浓度及处理时间t对双孢蘑菇呼吸速率的影响，并采用多因素方差分析、重回归分析法，确定了双孢蘑菇呼吸速率的显著性影响因素，结果表明：温度对双孢蘑菇呼吸耗氧率R_O2、二氧化碳生成率R_CO2、呼吸商RQ的影响比体积比的影响更显著；25、18和4℃时，O₂浓度、CO₂浓度及时间t 3因素中，时间t对R_CO2的影响最大，而12℃时，CO₂浓度对R_CO2的影响最大；12℃时，随着体积比的增大，CO₂浓度、时间t的影响作用减弱，O₂浓度作用增强。     

淡水湿地不同围垦土壤非耕季节呼吸速率差异

选择何种湿地利用方式,使得土壤固碳能力及CO₂气体排放受到的影响最小,是合理利用湿地、减少温室气体排放的关键所在,湿地土壤呼吸不仅受环境条件的影响,还受土壤本身性状的影响。以皖江地区为研究区域,利用定位试验对天然湿地及不同围垦利用方式下土壤在非耕季节CO₂排放通量、大气温度及表层土壤温度进行测定,并对其土壤TOC含量进行分析。结果表明,CO₂排放通量:水稻田[700.70 mg/(m²·h)]> 旱地[433.80 mg/(m²·h)]> 天然湿地[302.66 mg/(m²·h)],天然湿地土壤TOC含量明显高于围垦旱地及水稻田(0-30 cm),说明天然湿地较围垦旱地和水稻田对大气中CO₂浓度贡献最小,能存储更多的碳。探讨了CO₂排放通量与温度的相关性,得出3种土壤类型CO₂排放通量与大气温度和表层土壤温度均呈正相关关系。     

煤粉尘添加量与温度对山西省两种土壤碳释放规律的影响

采用室内培养试验, 观测不同温度和不同煤粉尘用量条件下山西省电厂土和焦化厂土两种土壤的碳释放规律。结果表明, 室温(16~23 ℃)和25 ℃恒温下, 培养前期(4~9 d)土壤CO₂ 的释放量均为最大, 且25 ℃ 恒温培养土壤CO₂ 的释放量是室温条件下的2 倍左右。随煤粉尘添加量的增加, 土壤CO₂ 的释放量显著增加,且土壤活性有机质相应增加, 添加高量煤粉尘土壤CO₂ 的释放量最高达57.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1, 两种土壤活性有机碳的增幅为0.3~3.8 g·kg^-1。不同温度和不同煤粉尘用量条件下电厂土释放的CO₂ 均高于焦化厂土, 可能是电厂土含有较高的有机碳和较低的黏粒所致。由此可知, 温度是影响土壤有机碳分解的主要因素, 其次是添加煤粉尘的量, 土壤理化性质也是原因之一。本研究表明, 煤粉尘的降落一方面增加了土壤CO₂ 的释放, 另一方面增加了土壤碳库。     

大气CO2 浓度升高对华北夏玉米地温室气体排放的影响

开展大气CO₂ 浓度升高对华北夏玉米地温室气体排放的影响可为未来气候变化下农业温室气体减排提供依据。研究基于已稳定运行10 年的华北典型一年两季自由大气CO₂ 富集平台进行,于 2017 年设置2 个处理,即常规浓度CO₂(aCO₂,平均400 μmol·mol-1)和高浓度CO₂(eCO₂,550 μmol·mol-1),2018 年在不同CO₂ 浓度下增设低氮(LN)和高氮(HN)水平下的不同CO₂ 浓度处理(即aCO₂-LN、aCO₂-HN、eCO₂-LN、eCO₂-HN)开展试验,监测和分析不同处理下土壤CO₂ 及N2O 排放通量特征,结合土壤硝化潜势和反硝化潜势测定解析N2O排放量变化的可能原因。结果表明,eCO₂ 下夏玉米生育期农田N2O 和CO₂ 累积排放量分别比aCO₂ 下显著增加45.5% ～ 65.9% 和16.7% ～ 19.2%;N2O 排放增加主要发生在施肥、灌溉和降雨后,而土壤CO₂ 在玉米营养生长期排放量较高。eCO₂ 条件下土壤硝化潜势和反硝化潜势分别比aCO₂ 下提高了36.4% 和59.0%,对土壤N2O 排放有贡献潜力。eCO₂ 下,N2O 减排需结合排放机理采取合理的田间管理和水肥调控措施。     

黄土区梯田不同覆膜条件下土壤的呼吸特征

[目的] 研究黄土区梯田不同覆膜条件下的土壤呼吸特征,为探寻土壤碳循环的合理农业覆膜措施提供科学依据。[方法] 设置裸地、白膜地和黑膜地3个处理进行试验。[结果] ①不同覆膜方式玉米地的土壤呼吸速率日变化都呈单峰曲线变化趋势,日均值表现为：黑膜地 > 白膜地 > 裸地,且不同覆膜条件的土壤呼吸速率差异显著。②白膜地和黑膜地不同月份土壤呼吸速率变化表现为：7月 > 5月 > 3月 > 9月 > 11月,裸地不同月份土壤呼吸速率变化表现为：7月 > 3月 > 9月 > 5月 > 11月,夏季土壤呼吸活动最剧烈,且不同覆膜条件不同月份土壤呼吸速率两两之间差异显著。③不同覆膜条件的土壤CO₂年排放量表现为：黑膜地>白膜地>裸地,且夏季和秋季的土壤CO₂年排放量均高于春季和冬季。④不同覆膜条件玉米地土壤呼吸速率与地表温度、5 cm土壤温度具有很好的相关性,且都表现出极显著相关,覆膜玉米地5 cm土壤温度对土壤呼吸速率的影响高于地表温度,裸地则反之,白膜玉米地土壤呼吸速率对温度的敏感性高于其他覆膜情况。[结论] 不同覆膜条件下,土壤含水率自表层至深层呈现S形变化规律,裸地在0—60 cm土层的含水率明显低于两种覆膜地。梯田在不同覆膜条件下土壤呼吸速率和土壤呼吸CO₂释放量均增大,可有效改善黄土区梯田土壤碳循环环境。     

秸秆覆盖对旱作冬小麦农田土壤呼吸、作物产量及经济 环境效益的影响

基于2009-2011年田间试验, 研究了黄土旱塬区不同秸秆覆盖措施下冬小麦农田土壤呼吸和小麦产量变化, 计算了生产每千克籽粒产量下土壤CO₂的释放量, 并以此比较了处理间的经济 环境效益值。试验包括4个处理: 无覆盖对照(CK)、全年9 000 kg·hm^-2秸秆覆盖(M₉₀₀₀)、全年4 500 kg·hm^-2秸秆覆盖(M₄₅₀₀)和夏闲期秸秆覆盖(SF)。结果表明: 冬小麦生育期内土壤CO₂累积释放量在处理间无显著差异, 但第1年生育期为14.92~17.43 t(CO₂)·hm^-2, 显著高于第2年[12.95~13.69 t(CO₂)·hm ^-2](P<0.05), 处理和年份的交互作用不显著。与CK(产量5.03 t·hm^-2)相比, 秸秆覆盖降低了作物产量, 其中M₉₀₀₀ (4.71 t·hm^-2)与CK差异显著。经济 环境效益值计算结果显示, 冬小麦生育期内生产每千克籽粒释放2.96~3.16 kg CO₂, 处理间无显著差异。从各处理平均值看, 小麦产量以及经济 环境效益值均存在显著的年际差异, 降水偏少的第1年度作物产量(4.60~4.98 t·hm^-2)显著低于降水相对丰富的第2年度(4.50~5.47 t·hm^-2), 但经济 环境效益值(3.03~3.69 kg·kg 1、2.45~2.88 kg·kg^-1)结果相反。处理和年份对作物产量和经济 环境效益值具有显著的交互影响, 在缺水年份秸秆覆盖能够提高作物产量, M₉₀₀₀处理具有最优的经济 环境效益; 而在丰水年份, 秸秆覆盖导致产量显著下降, CK具有更好的经济 环境效益。     

耕作措施对温带半干旱地区土壤温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O)通量的影响

通过设置在甘肃省定西市李家堡镇的不同耕作措施试验, 利用CO₂分析仪、静态箱-气相色谱法对双序列轮作次序下春小麦地、豌豆地生育期内CO₂、CH₄和N₂O通量进行了测定。试验结果表明: 4种耕作措施下春小麦地和豌豆地在生育期内均表现为CO₂源、N₂O源和CH₄汇的功能。传统耕作不覆盖、免耕不覆盖、免耕秸秆覆盖和传统耕作结合秸秆还田下, 春小麦生育期内平均土壤CO₂通量(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)分别为0.203 6、0.221 2、0.241 8、0.224 9, CH₄通量(mg·m^-2·h^-1)分别为-0.041 6、-0.078 0、-0.081 8、-0.053 7, N₂O通量(mg·m^-2·h^-1)分别为0.089 1、0.069 2、0.046 1、0.065 6; 豌豆生育期内平均土壤CO₂通量(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)分别为0.273 6、0.261 6、0.218 1、0.236 0, CH₄通量(mg·m^-2·h^-1)分别为-0.055 0、-0.073 7、-0.066 2、-0.054 5, N₂O通量(mg·m^-2·h^-1)分别为0.123 4、0.084 7、0.080 6、0.035 0。少免耕及小麦秸秆覆盖有利于减少土壤CO₂排放通量, 免耕不覆盖、免耕秸秆覆盖及传统耕作结合秸秆还田均能不同程度地增加CH₄吸收通量、减少N₂O排放通量。综合来看, 免耕不覆盖、免耕秸秆覆盖和传统耕作结合秸秆还田3种保护性耕作措施有助于减少土壤温室气体的排放量。春小麦地CO₂通量随着土壤温度、土壤含水量的逐渐升高而增大; CH₄吸收通量随着土壤含水量的逐渐升高而增大, 而随着土壤温度的逐渐升高而减小。豌豆地CO₂通量的变化与土壤含水量存在极显著正相关关系; 而春小麦地N₂O通量则与平均土壤温度呈显著正相关, 豌豆地则为极显著正相关。     

塿土剖面CO2浓度的动态变化及其受环境因素的影响

CO₂是土壤空气的重要组成,土壤空气CO₂浓度一般高于大气几倍到数十倍,甚至上百倍^[1]。土壤空气中CO₂主要来源于土壤呼吸,其浓度主要决定于生物因素(植物根系、土壤微生物活性等)和环境因素(土壤温度、含水量等)^[2～4]。土壤空气CO₂浓度可以反映和影响土壤向大气释放CO₂的通量^[4,5],同时对植物根系生长发育、土壤微生物活动和各种养料物质转化也有很大影响^[1]。研究了解土壤空气CO₂浓度剖面分布、季节动态及其影响因素,有助于人们认识土壤中CO₂产生、累积、输运以及向大气排放的生物和物理过程,制定和实施合理的农作措施以改善作物生长环境和减少土壤向大气排放的CO₂。国外已在森林、草地和农田土壤上开展了较长时间的土壤空气CO₂浓度观测研究^[4~7],但我国的研究和报道很少^[8,9]。本文通过土壤剖面不同深度CO₂浓度的定位观测,初步揭示了土剖面CO₂浓度的分布特征、季节动态及其受水热条件的影响。     

An appropriate time-window for measuring soil CO2 efflux: a case study on a Black soil in north-east China

Abstract

Soil CO₂ efflux rate is influenced by soil temperature which varies with time within a day. In order to determine a measuring time-window which can represent the daily average soil CO₂ efflux rate from a Black soil in north-east China, soil CO₂ efflux rates from no-tillage (NT) and mouldboard plough tillage (MP) plots were measured at a 2-h interval over 48 h four times in the growing season of 2008. Results showed that during the course of measurements, NT soil had a higher soil CO₂ efflux rate than MP soil. Daily average soil CO₂ efflux rate was matched relatively well with the CO₂ efflux rate occurring between 09:00 h and 13:00 h, and between 19:00 h and 23:00 h. Our results indicate that the soil CO₂ efflux rate measured between 09:00 and 11:00 h represents the daily average soil CO₂ efflux rate during sunny days. When the measurements were conducted outside this time window, a procedure to adjust the CO₂ efflux rates measured between 07:00 and 21:00 h (outside of the optimum time-window) to estimate daily average soil CO₂ efflux rate is described.     

退化草地暗沃寒冻雏形土CO2释放的日变化和季节动态

采用CI-301PS红外CO     

玛纳斯河流域不同灌区棉田土壤CO2和N2O排放通量

为探究石河子灌区、新湖总场灌区、莫索湾灌区之间土壤温室气体排放的差异性,通过长期的野外观测及样品采集,采用静态箱—气相色谱法,于2019年棉花出苗期、花铃期、吐絮期对玛纳斯河流域石河子灌区、新湖总场灌区、莫索湾灌区棉田土壤温室气体进行日观测,应用统计学方法,并结合土壤温度、含水量、pH、有机碳、铵态氮、硝态氮等因素分析。结果表明：(1)土壤CO₂和N₂O具有明显的季节变化和日变化,土壤CO₂和N₂O排放通量的峰值出现在花铃期,分别为527.160,1.713 mg/(m²·h)。同时,CO₂排放通量日变化峰值出现在13:00,N₂O排放通量日变化峰值出现在17:00,表现为单峰曲线。2种土壤温室气体在生育期内的排放通量在不同灌区之间有所差异,呈现出新湖总场灌区>莫索湾灌区>石河子灌区。(2)土壤CO₂和N₂O排放通量受温度影响更为显著,土壤CO₂和N     

九龙江口红树林湿地的土壤呼吸变化研究

The diurnal and seasonal variations of soil respiration (SR) were studied at a subtropical mangrove wetland in the Jiulong River Estuary from May 2010 to April 2011.SR rates were measured continuously from 08:00 to 06:00 local time (24-h time system) on July8–9 and October 3–4,2010;and January 15–16 and April 11–12,2011.Similar patterns in the diurnal variation of SR were observed on October 2–3 and April 11–12,with the maximum values at 14:00 and the minimum at 00:00.However,the diurnal dynamics of SR on July 8–9,2010 and January 15–16,2011 showed diferent patterns,with the maximum values at 08:00–10:00 on above sampling dates and the minimum at 22:00 on July 8 and at 04:00 on January 16.The daily mean values of SR approximated to the values measured at 08:00.SR fluctuated with distinct seasonal patterns.The seasonal variation was characterized by a mono-peak pattern,with the highest rate (6.18μmol CO2m-2s-1) in July and the lowest rate (0.36μmol CO2m-2s-1) in December.The results showed that the variation of SR in mangrove wetland was mainly controlled by soil temperature,and there was no significant correlation between SR and soil water content.It also implied that the model of SR in mangrove wetland should not only consider the efect of soil temperature,but also incorporate other factors,such as water level,precipitation,microbial activity and photosynthesis,which also could affect SR.     

Atmung eines Bodens im Gemüsebau zu Beginn der Vegetationsperiode

Respiration of a soil used for vegetable crops at the beginning of the vegetation period Soil respiration was measured with a new portable soil respiration system (PP Systems, Hitchin, England) in vegetable plots in the greenhouse and field near Bonn from January to May 1996 with the following results:

• 1 The equipment proved suitable for the purpose over a wide range of temperatures.
• 2 Soil respiration ranged from less than 26 mg CO₂ in winter, 30–180 mg CO₂ in spring to 700 mg CO₂ m^?2 h^?1 in summer with large variations.
• 3 The largest soil respiration was recorded from peat-based commercial potting compost with small variations between measurements.
• 4 The Q₁₀ was 2,5 (±0,6) in the field for temperatures between 5–25°C.
• 5 The rate of soil respiration was affected by soil cultivation with the effect declining with temperature: Ploughing, which unveiled cold and produced a coarse soil surface, reduced soil respiration, whereas soil respiration was increased by fine soil cultivation.
• 6 In vegetable plots, soil respired 6–12 kg in cold (4°C), 40–50 kg CO₂ in cool (14°C) conditions in April and 170–210 kg CO₂/ha and 24 hours in warm (27°C) weather.

     

Application of mixed straw and biochar meets plant demand of carbon dioxide and increases soil carbon storage in sunken solar greenhouse vegetable production

Solar vegetable greenhouse soils show low soil organic carbon content and thus also low rates of soil respiration. Processing vegetable residues to biochar and mixing biochar with maize straw might improve soil respiration and increase soil organic carbon stocks, while preventing the spread of soil-borne diseases carried by vegetable residues. In an incubation experiment, we tested how additions of maize straw (S) and biochar (B) added in varying ratios (100S, 75S25B, 50S50B, 25S75B, 100B and 0S0B (control)) affect soil respiration and fraction of added C remaining in soil. Daily CO₂ emissions were measured over 60 days incubation, the natural abundance of ¹³C in soil and in the added biochar and maize straw were analysed. Our result shows that (a) soil CO₂ emissions were significantly increased compared to soil without the straw additions, while addition of biochar only decreased soil respiration; (b) cumulative CO₂ emissions decreased with increasing ratio of added biochar to maize straw; (c) the abundance of soil ¹³C was significant positively correlated with cumulative CO₂ emissions, and thus with the ratio of straw addition. Our results indicate that incorporation of maize straw in greenhouse soils is a meaningful measure to increase soil respiration and to facilitate greenhouse atmosphere CO₂ limitation while producing vegetables. On the other hand, additions of biochar from vegetable residues will increase soil organic carbon concentration. Therefore, the simultaneous application of maize straw and biochar obtained from vegetable residues is an effective option to maintain essential soil functions for vegetable production in sunken solar greenhouses.     

保护性耕作对黄土旱塬箭筈豌豆地土壤呼吸的影响

[目的]揭示保护性耕作对土壤呼吸的影响,为旱区保护性农业的发展提供理论依据。[方法]采用多通道土壤碳通量系统监测传统耕作(T)、传统耕作+秸秆覆盖(TS)、免耕(NT)和免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)下箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)地的土壤呼吸速率。[结果]各措施下花期呼吸速率比收获期高10.45%~45.09%,NTS处理下土壤呼吸速率最低别比TS,NT和T处理显著减少39.17%,21.37%和30.25%(p0.01)。耕作处理(T,TS)下日均土壤呼吸速率高于免耕处理(NT,NTS)(p0.05)。晴天土壤呼吸变化呈单峰曲线,最大值出现在14:00。耕作下土壤呼吸速率与气温显著线性相关,免耕下(NT,NTS)与气温呈指数关系(p0.01)。不同耕作措施间气温敏感性Q10值大小依次为:T(1.97)NT(1.62)TS(1.58)NTS(1.52)。[结论]免耕加秸秆还田处理对减少温室气体排放有一定的贡献。     

水稻土基底呼吸与CO2排放强度的日动态及长期不同施肥下的变化

土壤呼吸排放是陆地生态系统土气交换快速而活跃的途径之一,对大气CO2浓度的变化有显著的影响。本文对太湖地区一个代表性水稻土水稻收割后土壤基底呼吸CO2排放进行了昼夜观测和采样分析。结果表明,不同小区平均土壤呼吸与CO2排放速率在CO2-C.12.2～25.2.mg/(m2h)之间,日排放量在CO2-C.327.2～604.1mg/(m2d)之间,低于文献报道的森林和草地及旱作农田的土壤呼吸;与长期有机-无机配施处理相比,长期单施化肥CO2日排放量提高了55%～85%,并且显著提高了土壤呼吸对土壤(5.cm)温度的响应敏感性。相关分析表明,土壤呼吸CO2排放强度与土壤微生物N(Nmic)、微生物C∶N(Cmic/Nmic)和P的有效性有密切的关系;生物有效N和P的有效性显著地影响着土壤呼吸与CO2的生成和排放。本试验结果进一步支持了水稻土的固碳效应。但是,供试不同小区土壤呼吸排放强度的变异隐含着长期不同施肥处理可能使与高呼吸活性有关的微生物群落发生改变,有待于进一步研究。     

Carbon Dioxide Emission from Black Soil as Influenced by Land‐Use Change and Long‐Term Fertilization

Land‐use change and soil management play a vital role in influencing losses of soil carbon (C) by respiration. The aim of this experiment was to examine the impact of natural vegetation restoration and long‐term fertilization on the seasonal pattern of soil respiration and cumulative carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission from a black soil of northeast China. Soil respiration rate fluctuated greatly during the growing season in grassland (GL), ranging from 278 to 1030 mg CO₂ m^?2 h^?1 with an average of 606 mg CO₂ m^?2 h^?1. By contrast, soil CO₂ emission did not change in bareland (BL) as much as in GL. For cropland (CL), including three treatments [CK (no fertilizer application), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application (NPK), and NPK together with organic manure (OM)], soil CO₂ emission gradually increased with the growth of maize after seedling with an increasing order of CK < NPM < OM, reaching a maximum on 17 August and declining thereafter. A highly significant exponential correlation was observed between soil temperature and soil CO₂ emission for GL during the late growing season (from 3 August to 28 September) with Q₁₀ = 2.46, which accounted for approximately 75% of emission variability. However, no correlation was found between the two parameters for BL and CL. Seasonal CO₂ emission from rhizosphere soil changed in line with the overall soil respiration, which averaged 184, 407, and 584 mg CO₂ m^?2 h^?1, with peaks at 614, 1260, and 1770 mg CO₂ m^?2 h^?1 for CK, NPK, and OM, respectively. SOM‐derived CO₂ emission of root free‐soil, including basal soil respiration and plant residue–derived microbial decomposition, averaged 132, 132, and 136 mg CO₂ m^?2 h^?1, respectively, showing no difference for the three CL treatments. Cumulative soil CO₂ emissions decreased in the order OM > GL > NPK > CK > BL. The cumulative rhizosphere‐derived CO₂ emissions during the growing season of maize in cropland accounted for about 67, 74, and 80% of the overall CO₂ emissions for CK, NPK, and OM, respectively. Cumulative CO₂ emissions were found to significantly correlate with SOC stocks (r = 0.92, n = 5, P < 0.05) as well as with SOC concentration (r = 0.97, n = 5, P < 0.01). We concluded that natural vegetation restoration and long‐term application of organic manure substantially increased C sequestration into soil rather than C losses for the black soil. These results are of great significance to properly manage black soil as a large C pool in northeast China.