模拟降雨条件下农田径流中氮的流失过程

在室内降雨模拟试验条件下，研究暴雨径流中农田氮素养分流失及施肥处理的影响。结果表明，农田暴雨径流氮养分的流失量与累积径流量成正相关；施用NH4HCO3显著地增大了农田径流中溶解态氮浓度及流失量（P＝0．01），而对颗粒态氮浓度及流失量没有显著影响（P＝0．1）在大暴雨和裸露地试验条件下，颗粒态氮是农田暴雨径流氮养分流失的主要形态；在44min降雨径流中，以颗粒态流失的氮达476．3－488．7mg/m^2；侵蚀泥沙有富集氮养分的特点，其富集系数与侵蚀泥沙累积量存在对数线性关系；LOG（ER）＝0．770－0．300LOG（SED）；减少地表径流和土壤侵蚀，降低表土中速效氮养分含量是减少农田地表径流氮流失的关键。     

模拟降雨条件下北运河流域农田养分流失特征

为了解北运河流域农田养分流失特征,通过模拟降雨的情况下,分析了降雨量对径流雨水中养分含量、土壤养分和泥沙流失的变化特征。结果表明,北运河地区只有在暴雨情况下产生农田径流,暴雨后,农田径流雨水中总N浓度在4.7~11.3 mg·L-1,氨态氮和硝态氮占44.51%;总P浓度在0.66~1.35 mg·L-1,水溶磷含量占到总磷54.08%。养分的流失以表层为主,土壤表层总氮流失比例达到29.79%,氨态氮损失率达到52.09%,硝态氮损失10.21%,表层土壤总磷含量下降达到16.48%,水溶性磷损失5.27%。农田径流泥沙中总氮含量为0.66~1.27 mg·g-1,占总流失量的82.28%;总P浓度在14.73~20 mg·g-1,占到总流失量的99.89%;模拟降雨后土壤大团聚体减少8.8%,而微团聚体增加9.5%。     

降雨历时对黑土坡面养分流失的影响

为了深入了解降雨历时对黑土坡面养分流失的影响特征,探寻降雨历时对黑土坡面养分流失的规律,在沈阳农业大学水利试验基地,进行室内人工模拟降雨试验,对不同降雨历时条件下的黑土坡面养分流失进行研究。结果表明:降雨历时是影响坡地溶质迁移以及坡面降雨产流产沙的重要因素。降雨历时越长,表土养分流失越严重,N、P、K流失量越大,降雨后的养分含量越低,且累计径流量与泥沙量和降雨历时呈正相关变化,当降雨历时增加至90min后,土壤入渗率趋于稳定,径流量增加幅度减缓,且由于土壤发生沟蚀,泥沙量急剧增加。径流水样中N、P、K流失呈现出不同特征,当降雨历时90min时,随着降雨历时的增加,径流硝态氮迅速衰减,20min后逐渐趋于稳定,土壤养分含量均降低;当降雨历时进一步增大至120min时,硝态氮含量趋于稳定,基本没有变化,而磷离子和钾离子则由于土壤发生沟蚀,下层土壤中的PO_4~(3-)和K~+被浸提出进入径流中,导致其含量仅一步增加,磷离子增加幅度较钾离子相比更为明显,且随泥沙流失的养分与之呈现出相似规律。不同降雨历时条件下降雨前后土壤剖面养分含量垂直分布情况也有明显差异,随着降雨历时的增加,磷离子以及钾离子的浓度峰值变化不大,多出现在10cm表层土壤内,而硝态氮浓度峰值不断加深。30,60,90,120 min降雨后,硝态氮浓度峰值分别位于土层7,8,10,14cm处;土层的湿润峰也随降雨历时增大而增加,分别位于土层以下10,12,16,19cm处,降雨120min后,土层全部湿透。试验结果表明,降雨历时对硝态氮流失的影响比对磷和钾离子更为显著。     

土壤容重对草甸土坡面养分流失特征的影响

通过室内模拟降雨试验对不同土壤容重的草甸土坡面养分流失特征进行研究。结果表明:土壤容重是坡面草甸土养分流失的重要影响因子,土壤容重不同,降雨引起的坡面表土养分流失的程度不同。硝态氮主要随径流流失,占总流失量的55%～79%,70%～84%的有效磷和速效钾随泥沙流失。不同形态的养分在流失泥沙中有富集现象,但富集比各不相同。土壤容重在0.8～1.2g/cm3之间变化时,随土壤容重增加,土壤孔隙度减小,入渗能力减弱,土壤养分在降雨侵蚀力作用下流失量不断增加。但随容重的继续增大,土壤抗蚀性增大,产沙量减小,养分流失量也有减小的趋势。在降雨、坡度等一定的条件下,土壤最容易被侵蚀而发生养分流失的容重范围为1.2～13g/cm3。     

丹江口水库农业径流小区土壤氮磷流失特征

通过对丹江口水库小流域雨季(2013年8月)观测的降雨—径流农业小区试验数据,分析不同种植作物下农田地表产流规律,研究土壤氮磷流失特征,为库区农业面源污染控制提供依据。结果表明,农业小区径流总磷(TP)含量在0.13~0.82mg/L之间,颗粒态磷(PP)占TP比例超过60%,径流中TSS与PP也呈现极显著相关(p0.01),表明磷素流失主要以颗粒态流失为主。径流总氮(TN)含量范围为0.7~4.7mg/L之间,TN流失量与硝态氮极显著相关(p0.01),径流中硝态氮占TN比例也超过了50%,表明硝态氮是地表径流无机氮流失的主要成分。25°玉米、15°荒地径流小区的氮流失率超过了1.5%、磷流失率超过了0.12%,高于其它类型的小区,可能与这2种小区高坡度、低植被覆盖度有关。土壤氮的流失风险要高于磷,是面源污染的主要控制目标。利用梯田种植作物,同时在坡地上形成相对较高的植被覆盖密度是减少这一地区土壤养分流失有效手段。     

秸秆覆盖红壤径流养分流失效益及径流剪切力影响研究

采用模拟降雨试验的方法,研究秸秆覆盖条件下红壤侵蚀效益及动力影响因素。模拟降雨强度2.0mm/min,坡度20°,径流小区(长1.5m,宽0.5m,深0.3m)条件下,供试土壤为赤红壤。结果表明:(1)秸秆覆盖减流效益达到69.3%,减沙效益达到99.2%;明显提高土壤的入渗速率,渗透效益达到了32%,秸秆覆盖有较好的水土保持效益。(2)秸秆覆盖有效减少径流总氮、径流溶解态氮、径流颗粒态氮、径流总磷、径流溶解态磷、径流颗粒态磷的流失,减少径流中氮流失效益均达到74%以上,减少径流中磷流失效益均达到78%以上,径流中元素流失均以溶解态氮磷元素大于颗粒态氮磷元素,秸秆覆盖减少径流中磷养分流失的效益大于氮养分的流失效益。(3)建立单位面积单位时间径流剪切力和产沙率、径流总氮、径流溶解态氮、径流颗粒态氮和径流总磷、径流溶解态磷、径流颗粒态磷流失速率的模型,初步推断径流剪切力是土壤侵蚀的主要动力因素。(4)秸秆覆盖和未覆盖的临界启动径流剪切力分别为2.8N/m2和1.5N/m2。     

地表径流和壤中流对坡耕地氮磷流失影响研究概述

地表径流和壤中流是降雨侵蚀条件下坡耕地土壤氮、磷迁移损失的重要途径与载体。当前,国内外关于坡耕地地表径流影响氮、磷流失的研究成果较多,而壤中流运动对氮、磷流失的影响研究还处于探索阶段。回顾了国内外在坡耕地养分流失领域开展的研究工作,重点阐述了地表径流和壤中流对坡耕地氮、磷流失影响方面取得的进展,并分析了其中存在的问题与不足,建议今后应加强地表径流和壤中流耦合对坡耕地氮、磷迁移规律影响的研究,为水土保持生态建设和农业面源污染防治提供基础数据。     

细沟侵蚀阶段玉米季坡耕地氮素流失特征

研究紫色土区坡耕地玉米全生育期细沟侵蚀阶段水土及氮素流失规律,以期为研究区氮素流失有效防控提供科学依据。采用人工模拟降雨与野外径流小区相结合的方法,开展降雨强度为1.5mm/min条件下玉米全生育期细沟侵蚀阶段地表径流、壤中流和侵蚀泥沙中氮素流失特征的研究。结果表明:细沟侵蚀阶段,玉米各生育期地表径流量、壤中流量和侵蚀产沙量总体表现为随降雨时间延长呈先增加后平稳的变化趋势。地表径流中总氮、可溶性总氮、硝态氮和侵蚀泥沙中总氮流失量总体呈现先增加后平稳的趋势,而地表径流中铵态氮流失量变化趋势在降雨前期呈现波动性变化,降雨后期逐渐平稳。壤中流中总氮、可溶性总氮、硝态氮、铵态氮流失量则随着降雨时间延长呈现平稳的变化趋势。细沟侵蚀阶段地表径流中氮素流失总量在玉米苗期最大,为628.77mg/m2;壤中流中氮素流失总量在拔节期和抽雄期最大;侵蚀泥沙中氮素流失总量在苗期最大,为144.95mg/m2。壤中流为氮素流失主要途径,硝态氮为氮素流失主要形态。     

红壤坡耕地地表径流与壤中流氮磷流失比较

采用人工模拟降雨试验研究了红壤坡耕地典型旱作模式(花生常规种植)的土壤在地表径流和壤中流中所产生的氮、磷流失特征差异。结果表明:(1)壤中流和地表径流产流特征差异显著,壤中流产流时间滞后于地表径流,但产流时间长、产流量大,壤中流产流量占总径流量52.26%~67.19%,是红壤坡耕地重要的径流形式。(2)壤中流与地表径流氮、磷流失特征具有较大差异,地表径流养分输出浓度表现为降雨初期较高而后逐渐趋于稳定的特征,壤中流养分浓度在整个径流过程中保持相对稳定。(3)壤中流总氮、硝态氮含量是地表径流相应养分含量的5.97~22.19,7.82~42.57倍。壤中流的氮素输出以硝态氮为主,铵态氮较少,其硝态氮浓度是铵态氮的5.73倍以上。壤中流在红壤坡耕地降雨径流中占有相当份额,壤中流中流失的养分不容忽视。     

水土保持综合措施对红壤坡地养分流失作用过程研究

为了研究红壤坡地养分流失规律,通过江西省水土保持生态科技园2006～2007年野外试验,分析了3种生态措施、3种典型降雨红壤坡地N、P流失过程。结果表明:不同降雨类型下采取生态措施能对整个径流过程中的总氮和总磷浓度起到明显的控制作用,且各处理径流中氮和磷的流失主要集中在径流初期,后期均匀稳定。养分流失均以侵蚀泥沙携带养分流失为主,但随着降雨的减小,泥沙携带养分流失量占养分总流失量的比例会降低。各处理侵蚀泥沙均有养分富集现象,而且随着降雨的减小而增大。     

降雨侵蚀力对河岸滩区耕地土壤养分流失的影响

河岸滩区的人类农业活动最为直接地影响着河流的水文生态.自1997年小浪底水利枢纽工程成功截流以来,下游孟津扣马黄河滩区1 955hm2的天然滨河湿地有72%常年出露.为当地农业开发提供了原生动力.在10 a期间滩区的土地利用状况也发生了明显的改变,其中28.8%转变成鱼塘-荷花塘等人工湿地,39.8%转变成小麦棉花等旱地农作物,剩下的328 hm2的河床湿地因受农业活动的影响,正发生着严重的退化和萎缩.通过野外定位观测,对孟津黄河滩区河岸耕地土壤养分随降雨径流流失的特征进行了研究.研究结果表明,次降雨侵蚀力(R)是影响径流量和土壤养分流失的重要因素.在弱侵蚀力下,产生的径流以蓄满产流为主;当降雨侵蚀力大于19.0,产生的径流以超渗产流为主.径流土壤养分流失量与次降雨侵蚀力之间存在明显的二次曲线关系.根据滩区土壤的渗透特征,在次降雨侵蚀力R=10.0～45.0之间的中等强度降雨将产生较为严重的土壤养分流失.并强调河岸带的水土保持工作应亟待加强.     

黄土高原土壤养分的损失

The soil nutrient losses due to excessive soil loss on Loess Plateau were studied by means of runoff plots and systematical determination of soil nutrients both in sediments and runoff.The results show that the amounts of nutrient losses depended on the amounts of ersoion sediments.Along with sediment,11-197kg nitrogen/hectare and 9-174kg phosphorus/hectare were lost,accounting for 92.46-99.47 percent of the total amount of nitrogen loss and 99.85-99.99 percent of the total amount of phosphorus loss respectively.The nutrient losses,very small in runoff,were mainly attributed to erosion of a few rainstorms during a year.The nutrient level in sediment was mostly higher than that in the original soil.Planting grass evidently redued the losses of soil nutrients.The N level was lower in runoff than in rainfall so that the N loss from runoff could be made up by rainfall.Fertilizer application to crops raised the nutrient level in runoff.     

不同雨强条件下红壤坡地养分流失特征研究

采用人工模拟降雨装置 ,对红壤坡地养分流失特征进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 :在雨强较大情况下 ,土壤养分以泥沙形式随径流迁移 ;当雨强较小时 ,随径流迁移的可溶态养分流失量占流失泥沙养分量的比例较高 ,土壤养分流失氮、磷、钾分别达到 5 3.12 % ,2 3.1% ,2 1.5 % ;不同形态的养分在流失泥沙中均有养分富集现象 ,但富集率各不相同 ;土壤养分流失量与雨强及泥沙流失量呈正相关关系。     

不同雨型下反坡台阶减少红壤坡耕地氮磷流失的效果

为研究自然降雨条件下反坡台阶对坡耕地氮、磷流失的影响,该文基于滇中红壤坡耕地标准径流小区45场典型降雨观测资料,根据降雨量、最大30 min雨强和降雨侵蚀力,综合采用快速聚类和判别聚类,划分确定出A(高雨量、大雨强、高侵蚀力)、B(低雨量、小雨强、低侵蚀力)、C(中低雨量、中小雨强、中低侵蚀力)、D(中高雨量、中雨强、中高侵蚀力)4种降雨类型。研究发现,反坡台阶减流率和减沙率达到52.11%和71.30%,减沙率显著大于减流率(P0.01);不同降雨类型下反坡台阶的减流率表现为:C雨型B雨型D雨型A雨型,减沙率表现为:D雨型A雨型C雨型B雨型,C雨型和B雨型下反坡台阶减流率显著高于D雨型和A雨型(P0.05),减沙率则显著低于D雨型和A雨型(P0.05)。反坡台阶对径流中总氮(WTN)、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)削减率分别达到68.10%、69.81%、50.14%,对径流中总磷(WTP)、溶解无机磷(DIP,dissolved inorganic phosphate)的削减率分别达到71.52%和72.77%,不同自然降雨类型下反坡台阶对径流中WTN、NO_3~--N、NH_4~+-N、WTP、DIP的削减率均呈现出随着雨量和雨强增大而降低的趋势。反坡台阶对泥沙中全氮(STN)、水解性氮(HN,hydrolyzable nitrogen)的削减率分别达到57.32%和54.22%,对泥沙中全磷(STP)、速效磷(AP)的削减率分别为67.38%和63.69%,不同自然降雨类型下反坡台阶对泥沙中STN、HN、STP、AP的削减率呈现出削减率随着雨量和雨强增大而提高的趋势。该研究可以深入地揭示反坡台阶控制坡耕地面源污染的机理,以及对于控制坡耕地氮磷流失的效果,为源头控制山区水土流失和农业面源污染提供理论支撑。     

东北地区降雨-径流侵蚀力研究

降雨-径流侵蚀力反映了降雨和融雪及其径流潜在的侵蚀能力。东北地区融雪侵蚀十分显著,进行土壤侵蚀预报时,需要计算降雨侵蚀力,也要求推算融雪径流侵蚀力。利用21个典型流域水文站径流泥沙资料及相应雨量站点资料,推导融雪径流侵蚀力（Rw）估算方法;利用全区234个气象站降水资料,提出了不同类型降水资料计算年降雨-径流侵蚀力（Rτ）的方法,并分析其空间分布特征。结果表明：在降雪量占年降水量≥10％的地区,融雪径流侵蚀力可利用多年平均11-翌年4月降水量P11-4估算：Rw=33.124P^0.5845 11-4;若有逐日降水量资料,则可在计算出融雪径流侵蚀力基础上,利用日降雨量计算降雨侵蚀力（R）,二者之和为年降雨-径流侵蚀力（Rτ）;若无逐日降水资料,则可采用平均年降雨量P计算年降雨-径流侵蚀力,Rτ=0.0668P^1.626.6;本区Rτ值变化于523.3-8243.4MJ·mm／（hm^2·h·a）之间,大致从西北向东南递增。研究成果有助于提高土壤侵蚀预报精度,为本区水土保持规划提供依据。     

Erosion rates and nutrient losses affected by composted cattle manure application in vineyard soils of NE Spain

Land preparation for mechanisation in vineyards of the Anoia–Alt Penedès region, NE Spain, has required major soil movements, which has enormous environmental implications not only due to changes in the landscape morphology but also due to soil degradation. The resulting cultivated soils are very poor in organic matter and highly susceptible to erosion, which reduces the possibilities of water intake as most of the rain is lost as runoff. In order to improve soil conditions, the application of organic wastes has been generalised in the area, not only before plantation but also every 3–4 years at rates of 30–50 Mg ha^− 1 mixed in the upper 30 cm.These organic materials are important sources of nutrients (N and P) and other elements, which could reduce further fertilisation cost. However, due to the high susceptibility to sealing of these soils, erosion rates are relatively high, so a higher nutrient concentration on the soil surface increases non-point pollution sources due to runoff.The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of applied composted cattle manure on infiltration, runoff and soil losses and on nutrients transported by runoff in vineyards of the Alt Penedès–Anoia region, NE Spain. In the two plots selected for the analysis, composted cattle manure had been applied in alternate rows 1 year previous to the study. In each plot soil surface samples (0–25 cm) were taken and compared to those of plots without manure application. The study was carried out at laboratory scale using simulated rainfall. Infiltration rates were calculated from the difference between rainfall intensity and runoff rates, and the sediment and total nitrogen and phosphorus were measured for each simulation. In addition, the influence of compost was investigated in the field under natural rainfall conditions by analysing the nutrient concentration in runoff samples collected in the field (in the same plots) after seven rainfall events, which amount different total precipitation and had different erosive character.Compost application increases infiltration rates by up to 26% and also increases the time when runoff starts. Sediment concentration in runoff was lower in treated (13.4 on average mg L^− 1) than in untreated soils (ranging from 16.8 to 23.4 mg L^− 1). However, the higher nutrient concentration in soils produces a higher mobilisation of N (7–17 mg L^− 1 in untreated soils and 20–26 mg L^− 1 in treated soils) and P (6–7 mg L^− 1 in untreated soils and 13–19 mg L^− 1 in treated soils). A major part of the P mobilised was attached to soil particles (about 90% on average) and only 10% was dissolved. Under natural conditions, higher nutrient concentrations were always recorded in treated vs. untreated soils in both plots, and the total amount of N and P mobilised by runoff was higher in treated soils, although without significant differences. Nutrient concentrations in runoff depend on rainfall erosivity but the average value in treated soils was twice that in untreated soils for both plots.     

武陵山区女儿寨小流域次降雨径流与产沙特征

 以武陵山区女儿寨小流域为研究区,根据流域2004—2008年77场典型降雨径流观测资料,研究流域次降雨径流与产沙特征。结果表明:77场降雨中,以25.0～49.9 mm和50.0～100.0 mm的降雨为主,占降雨总数的67.53%,降雨强度以10～40 mm/h为主;降雨量与径流深和产沙模数呈现较为显著的线性相关性,降雨量、径流深及降雨侵蚀力对产沙模数均有明显影响,其中以径流深和产沙模数的拟合效果最好,R2达0.684 7;在对降雨、径流、产沙共12个指标进行相关性分析的基础上,对径流深、洪峰流量、产沙模数、降雨侵蚀力4个主要指标进行多元逐步回归拟合,R2均在0.85以上,并通过显著性检验,回归方程拟合效果较好,可用于相关指标的定量计算;流域的产沙量主要取决于几次大的暴雨,汛期的降雨决定流域的产流产沙状况。研究结果可为流域水土流失监测和预报、水土保持措施合理配置等提供相应参考。     

Erosion rates and nutrient losses affected by composted cattle manure application in vineyard soils of NE Spain

Land preparation for mechanisation in vineyards of the Anoia–Alt Penedès region, NE Spain, has required major soil movements, which has enormous environmental implications not only due to changes in the landscape morphology but also due to soil degradation. The resulting cultivated soils are very poor in organic matter and highly susceptible to erosion, which reduces the possibilities of water intake as most of the rain is lost as runoff. In order to improve soil conditions, the application of organic wastes has been generalised in the area, not only before plantation but also every 3–4 years at rates of 30–50 Mg ha^− 1 mixed in the upper 30 cm.These organic materials are important sources of nutrients (N and P) and other elements, which could reduce further fertilisation cost. However, due to the high susceptibility to sealing of these soils, erosion rates are relatively high, so a higher nutrient concentration on the soil surface increases non-point pollution sources due to runoff.The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of applied composted cattle manure on infiltration, runoff and soil losses and on nutrients transported by runoff in vineyards of the Alt Penedès–Anoia region, NE Spain. In the two plots selected for the analysis, composted cattle manure had been applied in alternate rows 1 year previous to the study. In each plot soil surface samples (0–25 cm) were taken and compared to those of plots without manure application. The study was carried out at laboratory scale using simulated rainfall. Infiltration rates were calculated from the difference between rainfall intensity and runoff rates, and the sediment and total nitrogen and phosphorus were measured for each simulation. In addition, the influence of compost was investigated in the field under natural rainfall conditions by analysing the nutrient concentration in runoff samples collected in the field (in the same plots) after seven rainfall events, which amount different total precipitation and had different erosive character.Compost application increases infiltration rates by up to 26% and also increases the time when runoff starts. Sediment concentration in runoff was lower in treated (13.4 on average mg L^− 1) than in untreated soils (ranging from 16.8 to 23.4 mg L^− 1). However, the higher nutrient concentration in soils produces a higher mobilisation of N (7–17 mg L^− 1 in untreated soils and 20–26 mg L^− 1 in treated soils) and P (6–7 mg L^− 1 in untreated soils and 13–19 mg L^− 1 in treated soils). A major part of the P mobilised was attached to soil particles (about 90% on average) and only 10% was dissolved. Under natural conditions, higher nutrient concentrations were always recorded in treated vs. untreated soils in both plots, and the total amount of N and P mobilised by runoff was higher in treated soils, although without significant differences. Nutrient concentrations in runoff depend on rainfall erosivity but the average value in treated soils was twice that in untreated soils for both plots.     

洮河流域径流输沙演变与降雨及降雨侵蚀力的关系

[目的]揭示气候变化、人类活动耦合作用下复杂的水沙变化、水沙关系,探明降雨侵蚀力的影响及径流输沙变化的响应机理,为流域水土流失防治和生态建设提供科学参考依据。[方法]基于洮河流域及周边6个气象站点逐日降水和下游控制站逐月径流输沙数据,采用多元统计分析法、水沙曲线、相关系数、灰色关联度、弹性分析法等方法分析研究了径流、输沙、降雨(P)、降雨侵蚀力(R)演变规律,及其相互作用关系。[结果]洮河流域1956—2019年径流整体呈显著下降趋势,线性变化率-2.8×10⁷m³/a, 1987年发生突变,输沙整体呈显著下降趋势,线性变化率-4.61×10⁵t/a, 2003年发生突变,降雨、降雨侵蚀力均呈不显著上升趋势,且未出现明显突变。洮河流域R上中游小于下游,夏季(626.33)>秋季(125.31)>春季(122.22)>冬季(0),夏季降雨侵蚀力占比71.67%,夏季对泥沙侵蚀影响最大。P与R分布相反,P相对较小的下游流域R较大,P相对较大的上中游R较小,流域水沙异源,上中游产水,下游产沙。对输沙量影响最大...     

降雨侵蚀因子和植被类型及覆盖度对坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响

为探讨降雨和植被对辽西褐土区农耕坡地土壤侵蚀的影响,2006-2010年采用坡面径流小区观测法研究了天然降雨条件下降雨侵蚀因子、植被覆盖度、植被类型对坡耕地地表径流量、土壤侵蚀量的影响。设5°和10°两个坡度水平,以甘薯和谷子为供试作物,2006-2007年对照区为天然荒草地,2008-2010年为裸坡地。结果表明,甘薯地径流量和侵蚀量与降雨量(R)、最大30 min雨强(I_(30))、R×I(平均雨强)、R×I_(30)正相关显著(P0.05);裸坡地径流量与R、R×I_(30)正相关显著(P0.05),侵蚀量与I_(30)、R×I_(30)正相关显著(P0.05),与降雨量相关不显著(P0.05)。甘薯地和裸坡地的径流量和侵蚀量与平均降雨强度正相关均不显著(P0.05)。回归分析表明,降雨量主要影响径流量,最大30 min雨强主要影响侵蚀量。中、高雨强下,侵蚀量与径流量显著正相关(P0.01)。甘薯地径流量和侵蚀量与植被覆盖度呈显著负指数关系(P0.05)。5°坡耕地,不同植被类型侵蚀量为甘薯地荒草地谷子地;10°坡耕地,荒草地侵蚀量总体最少。多元回归分析表明,对土壤侵蚀的影响为地表径流降雨侵蚀力(R×I_(30))植被覆盖度。通过连续5 a坡面径流小区观测,初步探明降雨和植被对辽西褐土区农耕坡地土壤侵蚀的影响,可为该区坡耕地土壤侵蚀的有效防治提供一定的理论依据和技术支撑。