共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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数字流域是用数字化专题图形、图像、表格和相应的模型对流域各要素的数字表达,数字流域可为数字化流域管理与评价提供支持。以1∶5万地形图和高分辨率(2.5m)遥感影像为基础,利用数字地形分析、遥感解译和野外调查的方法,建立了南方红壤农作区典型治理区的数字流域,并对土壤侵蚀强度等级进行了划分。研究结果表明:(1)所建立的包含Hc-DEM、地形因子、土地利用、植被盖度和水土保持措施的数字流域能够反映研究区治理前后土地利用和水土保持措施的变化;(2)侵蚀强度等级以中到强度为主,治理前后轻度侵蚀增加比较明显、中度和强度侵蚀减少。该研究可为水土保持效益评价和流域管理提供支持。 相似文献
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数字流域水资源环境监测评价指标体系及指标库研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
基于3S技术的数字流域水资源环境监测评价可以获取传统监测手段所无法取得的更多信息,已成为目前国内外水资源环境监测评价的重要技术手段。提出了基于3S技术与传统监测手段综合集成的数字流域水资源环境监测评价信息处理基本模式,对数字流域水资源环境监测评价指标体系建立的理论基础、基本原则进行了探讨,以西北干旱区内陆河流域石羊河为例,建立了石羊河流域水资源环境监测评价指标体系。提出指标库管理的思想,并用VC++6.0为开发工具,初步实现了石羊河流域水资源环境监测评价指标库系统。 相似文献
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长江流域水土保持监督管理信息系统的开发与应用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
为给流域机构更好地履行水土保持监督执法管理职能提供重要的技术保障,长江委加快了流域水土保持监督管理信息系统的建设步伐,现已初步建成了长江流域水土保持监督管理数据库和管理信息系统,基本实现了监督执法数据实时动态管理、违法案件查处网络流程管理、流域水土保持智能统计管理三大管理目标。建成后的系统从横向看,由综合统计、地理信息发布、建设项目基本情况、水土保持方案管理、检查验收管理、水土保持监测管理以及系统管理等模块构成;从纵向看,系统是一个4层架构体系,包括数据层、应用支撑层、业务层以及表现层。 相似文献
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基于DEM的黑龙江宾州河流域水系提取试验研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
基于数字高程模型(digital elevation models,DEM)提取河网及相关流域信息是数字水文研究中的热点问题。以东北黑土区宾州河流域为研究区域,采用5m分辨率的DEM作为研究数据,运用ArcGIS9.2中的Hydrology水文处理工具包(Arc Hydro Tools)提取研究区河网特征。研究结果表明,分别采用0.75,1.25,2,2.5,3.75和5km2的集水面积阈值提取流域河网特征时,不同集水面积阈值对确定主河道的空间位置影响较小,但提取的数字流域河网特征会发生较大变化。基于河网密度与集水面积阈值及河源密度与集水面积阈值的关系探讨了适宜的集水面积阈值确定方法,发现取集水面积阈值为2km2时提取的河网特征与实际水系特征基本吻合,精度达95%以上。因此,基于Arc Hydro Tools的流域特征自动提取是切实可行的。 相似文献
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数字管理与现代管理、计算机技术、现代通讯技术紧密的联系在一起,并将成为人类社会发展不可缺少的组成部分。笔者从“数字流域”的概念人手,通过“数字流域”在水土保持工程综合应用过程中建立数字信息系统关键技术及其措施,并概述在开发“数字流域”信息系统中的理论模式和“数字流域”对水土保持工作的作用。 相似文献
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对杨树 虎纹蛙 罗非鱼("林 - 蛙 - 鱼")生态农业模式进行了3年的研究.结果表明,"林 - 蛙 - 鱼"立体种养生态农业模式经济效益明显,250 m2种养池当年可产生经济效益4 800元左右."林 - 蛙 - 鱼"立体种养生态农业模式也取得了良好的生态效益和社会效益,表现在改善生态环境、维护生物多样性、带动农民发展生产、教育青少年等方面,实现了生态效益、经济效益和社会效益的同步发展. 相似文献
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"数字黄土高原"到"数字水土保持" 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
立足于黄土高原水土保持与生态环境建设及其科学研究的要求和空间信息科学技术发展的最新动态,通过:数字黄土高原”建立的时代背景及其技术背景,讨论了“数字黄土高原”研究与建设的目标,基本内容,关键技术环节(包括数据库结构,数据集成方法,数据更新,元数据体系建设和数字共享机制)和推广应用等,初步讨论了“数字水土保持”及其与国家空间数据基础设施(NSDI)建设的关系。 相似文献
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试论将“水土保持”改称“水土生态保持”的科学性 总被引:3,自引:9,他引:3
我国“水土保持”一词的提出已有60多年的历史,而治理水土流失的历史则可以追溯到西周初期(公元前16~11世纪)。水和土是陆地生态系统重要的生态因子,而以水和土为首要立地条件的生态植被,是陆地生态系统的第一性生产者,也是水土保持生态效益的直接承担者,所以植被的保护和恢复是水土保持不可或缺的重要部分,生态保护和生态与环境的改善愈来愈成为水土保持不可分割的重要内容。从水土保持的历史和当今不断丰富的水土保持实践来看,应将传统的“水土保持”称谓改称“水土生态保持”,这样更符合水土保持学科发展的需要,能够反映当前水土保持实践,有利于提高全社会对水土保持生态建设的认知度,有利于水土保持的行业管理。 相似文献
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Characterization of aroma compounds of chinese "Wuliangye" and "Jiannanchun" liquors by aroma extract dilution analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aroma compounds in Chinese "Wuliangye" liquor were identified by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) after fractionation. A total of 132 odorants were detected by GC-O in Wuliangye liquor on DB-wax and DB-5 columns. Of these, 126 aromas were identified by GC-mass spectrometry (MS). Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) was further employed to identify the most important aroma compounds in "Wuliangye" and "Jiannanchun" liquors. The results showed that esters could be the most important class, especially ethyl esters. Various alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, alkylpyrazines, furan derivatives, lactones, and sulfur-containing and phenolic compounds were also found to be important. On the basis of flavor dilution (FD) values, the most important aroma compounds in Wuliangye and Jiannanchun liquors could be ethyl butanoate, ethyl pentanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, butyl hexanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, hexanoic acid, and 1,1-diethoxy-3-methylbutane (FD > or = 1024). These compounds contributed to fruity, floral, and apple- and pineapple-like aromas with the exception of hexanoic acid, which imparts a sweaty note. Several pyrazines, including 2,5-dimethyl-3-ethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, and 3,5-dimethyl-2-pentylpyrazine, were identified in these two liquors. Although further quantitative analysis is required, it seems that most of these pyrazine compounds had higher FD values in Wuliangye than in Jiannanchun liquor, thus imparting stronger nutty, baked, and roasted notes in Wuliangye liquor. 相似文献
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李威联 《广西农业生物科学》1993,(4)
高产、优质、高效农业,是今后我国农业生产发展的方向。本文对“三高”农业受时间、自然环境因素、社会经济条件、科技水平、生物类群、交通条件等综合因素制约,对“三高”的内涵及其定量指标以及实现“三高”农业措施,作了论述及浅析。 相似文献
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The "oxygen paradox" of dinitrogen-fixing bacteria 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
N2 fixation by aerobic bacteria is a very energy demanding process, requiring efficient oxidative phosphorylation, while O2 is toxic for the nitrogenase complex. N2-fixing bacteria have evolved a variety of strategies to cope with this apparent "O2 paradox". This review compares strategies that azospirilla and other well-known N2-fixing soil bacteria use to overcome this O2 paradox. Attention will be given to the relationships between the natural habitat of these soil bacteria and their prevailing adaptations. In view of this knowledge the following questions will be addressed: are the specific adaptations observed in azospirilla sufficient to allow optimal proliferation and N2 fixation in their natural habitat? Could improving the O2 tolerance of the N2-fixing process contribute to the development of more efficient strains for the inoculation of plants? 相似文献
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Koskinen WC Rice PJ Anhalt JA Sakaliene O Moorman TB Arthur EL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(19):5368-5372
Sorption-desorption interactions of pesticides with soil determine the availability of pesticides in soil for transport, plant uptake, and microbial degradation. These interactions are affected by the physical and chemical properties of the pesticide and soil, and for some pesticides, their residence time in the soil. The objective of this study was to characterize sorption-desorption of two sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides incubated in soils at different soil moisture potentials. The chemicals were incubated in clay loam and loamy sand soils for up to 12 wks at -33 kPa and at water contents equivalent to 50 and 75% of that at -33 kPa. Chemicals were extracted sequentially with 0.01 N CaCl(2) and aqueous acetonitrile, and sorption coefficients were calculated. Sufficient sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides remained (>40% of that applied) during incubation to allow calculation of sorption coefficients. Aging significantly increased sorption as indicated by increased sorption coefficients. For instance, for sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone remaining after a 12-wk incubation at -33 kPa, K(d) increased by a factor of 4.5 in the clay loam soils and by 6.6 in the loamy sand as compared to freshly treated soils. There was no effect of moisture potential on sorption K(d) values. These data show the importance of characterization of sorption-desorption in aged herbicide residues in soil, particularly in the case of prediction of herbicide transport in soil. In this case, potential transport of sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides would be over-predicted if freshly treated soil K(d) values were used to predict transport. 相似文献