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以盆栽梨树苗为试材,研究了酶解法和碱解法海藻提取物对梨树苗生长、生理特性和养分吸收的影响。结果表明,浇施海藻提取物提高了梨树苗的叶面积、百叶鲜重、根体积和净光合速率,其中酶解法海藻提取物处理在高浓度条件下叶面积最大,较对照显著提高27.76%,碱解法海藻提取物处理叶面积均显著高于对照,海藻提取物浓度处理间差异不显著;与对照相比,浇施海藻提取物均增加叶片丙二醛、磷和钾含量,显著降低脯氨酸含量,其中,酶解法海藻提取物分别在低和中浓度处理的叶片磷和钾含量最高,较对照分别显著提高30.17%和7.00%。主成分分析综合得分显示,酶解法海藻提取物低浓度处理得分最高(1.21),其次为碱解法海藻提取物低浓度处理(0.81)。初步得出结论,酶解法和碱解法海藻提取物均能促进梨树苗生长和增加叶片磷、钾含量,其中,以低浓度(5 mg/L)酶解法海藻提取物的效果最优。 相似文献
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海藻提取物(海藻肥)在蔬菜上的应用效果研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
通过对海藻提取物在蔬菜上的应用效果研究,结果表明:海藻提取物可提早蔬菜的采收期6-14d,前期产量提高10.8%-27.4%,总产量提高6.8%-19.2%,并明显改善品质;以2.0g/L的海藻提取物处理日光温室番茄植株,可使番茄最大节水率达到22.6%;用不同浓度的海藻提取物处理菠菜叶片,可降低菠菜硝酸盐含量66.3%-93.2%;以2.0g/L的海藻提取物对辣椒进行灌根处理,可使辣椒生育期施用化肥量节约20%。 相似文献
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研究海藻提取与养分配施对葡萄果实品质和养分吸收的影响,以“阳光玫瑰”葡萄为试验材料,设置5个处理:NPK 水溶肥(CK)、0.375% 海藻提取物与NPK 水溶肥配施(T1)、0.75% 海藻提取物与NPK 水溶肥配施(T2)、1.5% 海藻提取物与NPK 水溶肥配施(T3)和3% 海藻提取物与NPK 水溶肥配施(T4)。结果表明,海藻提取物与NPK 水溶肥配施能增加葡萄单穗重、产量和SPAD 值,T1、T2 和T3 处理果实可溶性糖和糖酸比含量分别较CK 提高77.98%、17.51%、1.42% 和69.45%、35.65%、11.45%,T4 处理降低果实可溶性糖和糖酸比含量。T2 处理果实磷含量和叶片钾含量最高,较CK 分别显著提高26.97% 和47.87%。此外,海藻提取物与NPK 水溶肥配施均增加果实香气化合物种类,其中,T2 处理果实香气化合物种类数最高。主成分分析中,T2 处理的葡萄果实产量、品质、养分吸收和果实香气物质影响中得分最高。综合分析,海藻提取物与养分一定比例配施能够提高葡萄产量、改善品质、促进养分吸收以及增加果实香气物质种类和相对含量,其中,0.75% 海藻提取物与NPK 水溶肥配施处理效果更佳。 相似文献
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选取樱桃萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.var.radculus pers)为研究对象,在盆栽试验条件下以清水处理为对照(CK),并以浓度为66.7 mg·L-1的芸苔素内酯为阳性对照(BHG),通过添加不同浓度(100.0、200.0 mg·L-1)的海藻提取物处理(SWE-1、SWE-2),探究了在高温胁迫(30℃)条件下海藻提取物对樱桃萝卜产量、果实品质、内源激素水平以及抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明,SWE-1、SWE-2均可有效缓解高温对樱桃萝卜生长造成的胁迫效应,以SWE-2处理效果最好。与CK处理相比,SWE-2处理的果实鲜重显著提高180.0%,可溶性蛋白含量显著提高35.2%;其叶片的SPAD值显著提高16.8%,硝酸还原酶活性显著提高57.7%,生长素含量显著提高145.4%,而脱落酸含量显著下降42.0%,丙二醛含量显著下降59.2%,谷胱甘肽还原酶活性提升15.7%,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性显著上升9.4%。与BHG处理相比,SWE-2处理的果实鲜重显著提高43.5%;可溶性蛋白含量显著提高49.6%,维生素C含量显著提高68.4%;其叶片硝酸还原酶活性显著提高17.1%,谷胱甘肽还原酶活性显著提高23.7%,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性显著提高29.9%,过氧化氢酶活性显著提高503.1%,而丙二醛含量显著下降41.7%。这表明海藻提取物能有效提高樱桃萝卜对高温胁迫的抵御能力并且效果优于芸苔素内酯。施用海藻提取物在显著提高樱桃萝卜对高温胁迫抵抗力的同时还显著提升了其产量和品质。海藻提取物获取方式简单、成本低廉,本研究为海藻提取物在果蔬安全生产上的科学施用提供了理论支撑。 相似文献
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海藻肥对菜心抗旱性的影响及其机理探究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
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天然植物提取物在果蔬保鲜中应用研究进展 总被引:43,自引:7,他引:43
农产品采后保鲜始终是关系到农业可持续发展的重要问题,采用天然植物提取物对果蔬进行保鲜可以减少化学合成杀菌剂对人类健康的不良影响,并有效防止植物病原菌的抗药性。能够应用到果蔬贮藏保鲜中的天然植物提取物主要是天然香辛料和部分中草药, 其提取物对果蔬贮藏保鲜过程中的主要病原菌具有较强的抑制作用。天然防腐保鲜剂的活性成分大多是挥发性精油,主要通过作用于微生物的细胞膜或者能量代谢途径达到抗菌效果。天然植物提取物在果蔬保鲜中的主要应用方式有浸蘸、熏蒸、喷洒或与保鲜纸及涂膜剂等载体相结合,但目前尚缺乏成熟的产业化应用技术。发展植物源果蔬保鲜剂的未来研究应集中于确定植物提取物的活性成分与构效关系,以及产业化应用的系统工程技术。 相似文献
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添加不同浓度海藻肥对水培芥蓝生长及品质的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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海藻提取液能够促进植物生长而广泛用于肥料增效剂,本研究以海藻混合降解提取液制备海藻肥,探讨海带与浒苔不同配比对温室草莓生长和品质的影响。结果表明:海带与浒苔混合降解效果优于单独降解,且海带与浒苔质量比为1∶2时的混合提取液在草莓上的表现效果最好,可使草莓叶绿素含量增加3.59%,相对叶面积增加32.93%,叶厚增加4.44%,同期开花数增加67.86%,同期结果数增加25%,果实横径日均生长速度增加18.87%,增产15.27%,糖度增加15.41%,Vc含量增加6.75%。试验结果还显示,浒苔提取液对草莓促生长作用优于海带提取液。该结果表明,不同原料组配的海藻提取液在草莓种植中表现出更优的作用效果,可为浒苔资源化利用和提高海藻肥利用效率提供参考。 相似文献
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Rashid Iqbal Khan Ishfaq Ahmad Hafiz Touqeer Ahmad Ishaq Ahmed Abdul Ahad Qureshi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(18):2309-2319
The study was set up to evaluate the efficiency of amino acids and seaweed on vegetative growth, reproductive phase, yield, and postharvest storage quality of hydroponically grown bell pepper cultivars “Sven Rz F-1” and “Red Knight.” Different concentrations of amino acid and seaweed were sprayed on bell pepper plants under hydroponic conditions. Pre-harvest foliar application of amino acids and seaweed significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, yield per plant, number of marketable fruits per plant, average fruit diameter, fruit wall thickness, and average single fruit weight. Amino acid and seaweed significantly improved postharvest physicochemical quality of both bell pepper cultivars under extended cold storage conditions. Conclusively, amino acid as well as seaweed extract not only improved growth, development, yield, and overall quality of bell pepper cultivars but also increased storage life with reduced weight loss and decay along with better physicochemical quality. 相似文献
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Salma Latique Chernane Halima Hannachi Chérif El Kaoua Mimoun 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(21):2582-2593
Many research studies have shown the importance of seaweed extract (SWE) in alleviating stress damage to plants. In this study, we examined the effect of liquid SWEs made from brown seaweed, Fucus spiralis, on germination, growth, antioxidant enzymes and some biochemical attributes of durum wheat under different levels of NaCl concentrations. Application of SWE at different concentrations (5, 10, 25, and 50%) significantly enhanced seed germination and growth parameters under salt stress, especially with 25% of seaweed liquid extract. Results show that the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased with increasing the algal extract concentration to 50%. Therefore, algal treatment is proved to be an effective technique to improve the growth of wheat seedlings under salt stress conditions. This study provides important information on the identification and utilization of seaweed resources for agriculture and it is the first study to report on the uses of this macroalgae as biostimulants in agriculture.Abbreviations TG: total germination (%); SL: shoot length (cm); SFW: seedling fresh weight (g); SDW: seedling dry weight (g); TC: total carotenoids (mg/g.FW); TSP: total soluble proteins (mg/g.FW); SSC: soluble sugars content (mg/g.FW); TPC: (µg equivalent AG/mg DW); CAT: catalase (U mg?1 protein); SOD: superoxide dismutase (U mg?1 protein); APX: ascorbate peroxydase (U mg?1 protein). 相似文献
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Angela R. Possinger José A. Amador 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(1):121-135
The practice of applying seaweed to agricultural fields may provide plant nutrients and improve soil quality in coastal agroecosystems, but little is known about its effects on soil properties or crop production. We conducted a preliminary evaluation of changes in soil biological and chemical properties and sweet corn (Zea mays L.) production using seaweed as a partial source of nitrogen (N) (40–55%) for one growing season, using a preformulated organic fertilizer treatment for comparison. Soil electrical conductivity, potassium (K+), sulfate (SO42-), and active carbon (C) increased with seaweed addition relative to the organic fertilizer, whereas potentially mineralizable N and pH decreased, with effects varying over time. Sweet corn yield and quality were either equivalent to that with the organic fertilizer or improved. The short-term positive (e.g., increased active C) and negative (e.g., increased salt levels) effects on soil quality suggest further evaluation of this practice is justified. 相似文献
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Estimation of arsenic bioaccessibility in edible seaweed by an in vitro digestion method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laparra JM Vélez D Montoro R Barberá R Farré R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(20):6080-6085
The aim of this study was to examine the bioaccessibility (maximum soluble concentration in gastrointestinal medium) of total (AsT) and inorganic (AsI) arsenic contents and the effect on them of cooking edible seaweed, a food of great interest because of its high As content. An in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (pepsin, pH 2, and pancreatin-bile extract, pH 7) was applied to obtain the mineral soluble fraction of three seaweeds (Hizikia fusiforme, Porphyra sp., and Enteromorpha sp.). AsT was determined by dry-ashing flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. AsI was determined by acid digestion, solvent extraction, and flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. The bioaccessibility of AsI increased significantly after cooking, attaining 73% in Porphyra sp. and 88% in H. fusiforme. For cooked H. fusiforme, the AsI attained in the bioaccessible fraction was 26 microg g(-1) seaweed, a concentration that is a warning of the toxicological risk of this food. 相似文献
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海藻生物肥对草莓产量和品质的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为探究新型海藻生物肥对草莓产量和品质的影响,以红颜草莓为试验材料,对其叶面喷施不同浓度的新型海藻生物肥,以喷施清水为对照。喷施处理后,计算草莓产量,测定盛果期草莓可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸、糖酸比、还原糖含量、硬度、抗坏血酸、总酚、花青素和类黄酮含量。结果表明,不同浓度海藻生物肥处理的草莓产量均有提升,其中在1 500倍海藻生物肥处理下,草莓果重、结果数和产量均极显著提高(P<0.01),分别较对照增加了42.96%、14.67%和63.93%。品质结果表明,1 500倍液海藻生物肥处理下,草莓的可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比、还原糖含量和硬度均达到最大值,且较对照均显著增加(P<0.05),高于市售2种海藻肥处理;低浓度(2 500~1 500倍)海藻生物肥对草莓抗氧化物质积累有促进作用,其中1 500倍海藻生物肥处理下,草莓Vc含量达到最大值,且较对照提高50.20%;在 2 500倍海藻生物肥处理下,花青素与类黄酮含量均极显著增加(P<0.01),较对照分别增加42.00%与30.56%,而高浓度(1 000~500倍)则抑制花青素与类黄酮的积累。综上,合理喷施新型海藻生物肥能提高草莓产量,提高抗氧化活性物质含量,改善草莓品质。本研究结果为新型海藻生物肥的规模化生产应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献