玉米植株冠层遥感技术揭示N缺乏的空间变异特征

To evaluate the temporal patterns in N deficiencies in corn and assess the ability of remote sensing to diagnose N deficiencies during the vegetative growth of corn, three field-scale experiments were conducted with various rates (56, 112, and 168 kg N ha-1), timing (early and late applications) and placement (injected into soil and dribbled on soil surface) of N fertilization in a split-plot design. Relationships between canopy reflectance during the growing season and yield data at the end of growing season were studied for different treatments. Results showed significant variation in both grain yields and canopy reflectance among the three cornfields. The N fertilization made in early June resulted in low canopy reflectance in early July, but the differences disappeared as the season progressed. The effect of N rates on canopy reflectance was not significant in early July but it gradually became detectable in mid-July and thereafter. The fertilizer placement had a significant effect on grain yields only in one field but not on canopy reflectance in all three fields. These observations suggest that the deficiency of N developed under field conditions is a dynamic phenomenon, which adds complexity for accurately defining “N deficiency” and effectively developing management strategies for in-season correction. Remote sensing throughout the season helps collect information about important interactions that have not been given enough attention in the past.     

中国水稻不同产量、品种和种植制度下氮需求量变异状况

Better understanding of the factors that influence crop nitrogen(N) requirement plays an important role in improving regional N recommendations for rice(Oryza sativa L.) production. We collected data from 1 280 plot-level measurements in different reaches of the Yangtze River, China to determine which factors contributed to variability in N requirement in rice. Yield, variety, and cropping system were significantly related to N requirement. The N requirement remained consistent at about 18.6 kg N Mg~(-1)grain as grain yield increased from 7 to 9 Mg ha~(-1), then decreased to 18.1, 16.9, and 15.9 kg N Mg~(-1)grain as yield increased to 9–10, 10–11, and 11 Mg ha~(-1), respectively. The decreased requirement for N with increasing yield was attributable to declining N concentrations in grain and straw and increased harvest index. Super rice variety had lower N requirement(17.7 kg N Mg~(-1)grain) than ordinary inbred and hybrid varieties(18.5 and 18.3 kg N Mg~(-1)grain, respectively), which was a result of lower grain and straw N concentrations of super rice. The N requirements were 19.2, 17.8, and 17.5 kg N Mg~(-1)grain for early, middle, and late rice cropping systems, respectively. In conclusion, the rice N requirement was affected by multiple factors, including yield, variety, and cropping system, all of which should be considered when planning for optimal N management.     

施用控释肥提高直播水稻氮的利用率

Field trials on a silt-loamy paddy soil derived from shallow-sea deposit in direct seeding rice fields were conducted in Zhejing ,China,in 1996 to compare N efficiency of controlled release fertilizers (LP fertilizers) with the conventional urea.Six treatments including CK (no N fertilizer),conventional urea and different types of LP fertilizers at different rates were designed for two succeeding crops of early and late rice.A blend of different types of LP fertilizers as a single preplant “co-situs“ application released n in a rate and amount synchronizing with uptake pattern of direct seeding rice.A single preplant application of the LP fertilizers could meet the N requirement of rice for the whole growth period without need of topdressing,Using LP fertilizer blends ,equivalent grain yields could be maintained even if the N fertilization rates were reduced by 25%-50% compared with the conventional urea .Agronomi efficiency of the LP fertilizers was 13.6%-86.4% higher than that of the conventional urea in early rice and 100%-164.1% in late rice,depending on the amounts of the LP fertilizers applied.N fertilizer recovery rate incereased from 27.4% for the conventional application of urea to 41.7%-54.1%,for the single preplant “co-situs“ application of the LP fertilizers,Use of the LP fertilizers was promising if the increse in production costs due to the hihg LP fertilizer prices could be compensated by increase in yield and N efficiency,reduction in labor costs and improvement in environment.     

中国东南地区两土链土壤中土壤性质和水稻产量的空间变异研究

In the light of an increasing demand for staple food, especially rice, in southeast China, investigations on the specific site potential expressed as the relationship between soil and crop yield parameters gain increasing importance. Soil texture and several soil chemical parameters as well as plant properties such as crop height, biomass and grain yield were investigated along two terraced catenas with contrasting soil textures cropped with wet rice. We were aiming at identifying correlative relationships between soil and crop properties. Data were analyzed both statistically and geostatistically on the basis of semivariograms. Statistical analysis indicated a significant influence of the relief position on the spatial distribution of soil texture, total carbon and total nitrogen contents. Significant correlations were found for the catena located in a sandstone area （Catena A） between rice yield and silt as well as total nitrogen content. Corresponding relationships were not detectable for paddy fields that developed from Quaternary clays （Catena B）. As suggested by the nugget to sill ratio, spatial variability of soil texture, total carbon and nitrogen was mainly controlled by intrinsic factors, which might be attributed to the erosional transport of fine soil constituents, indicating the importance of the relief position and slope in soil development even in landscapes that are terraced. The crop parameters exhibited short ranges of influence and about one third of their variability was unexplained. Comparable ranges Of selected crop and soil parameters, found only for Catena A, are indicative of close spatial interactions between rice yield and soil features. Our findings show that especially in sandstone-dominated areas, a site-specific management can contribute to an environmentally safe rice production increase.     

不同氮源对中国稻田作物氮素营养的贡献

N availability is one of the most important factors limiting crop yield enhancement. The recovery of applications of ¹⁵N-labeled fertilizer and crop residues in a rice-wheat cropping system was determined for up to 6 consecutive growing seasons. The crop residues from the previous season were either incorporated or removed as two different treatments. Our results showed that 16. 55%-17.79% (17.17% on average) of the fertilizer N was recovered in the crop during the first growing season, suggesting that more than 80% of crop N was not directly from the N fertilizer. When ¹⁵N-labeled residues were applied, 12.01% was recovered in the crop in the first growing season. The average recoveries of fertilizer N and crop residue N in the soil after the first growing season were 33. 46% and 85. 64%, respectively. N from soil organic matter contributed approximately 83% of the N in the crop when ¹⁵N fertilizer was applied or 88% when crop residues were applied. There was a larger difference in the total ¹⁵N recovery in plant and soil between N applications in the forms of fertilizer and crop residues. Incorporation of crop residues following the ¹⁵N fertilizer application did not significantly promote ¹⁵N recovery in the crop or soil. On average, only additional 1.94% of N for the fertilizer-applied field or 5.97% of N for the crop residue-applied field was recovered by the crops during the 2nd and 3rd growing seasons. The total recoveries of ¹⁵N in crop and soil were approximately 64.38% for the fertilizer-applied field after 6 growing seasons and 79.11% for the crop residue-applied field after 5 growing seasons. Although fertilizer N appeared to be more readily available to crops than crop residue N, crop residue N replenished soil N pool, especially N from soil organic matter, much more than fertilizer N. Therefore, crop residue N was a better source for sustaining soil organic matter. Our results suggested that the long-term effect of fertilizer or crop residues on N recovery were different in the crop and soil. However, there was little difference between the practices of crop residue incorporation and residue removal following the N fertilizer application.     

中国常年淹水稻田CH4排放量估算

A special kind of rice field exists in China that is flooded year-round. These rice fields have substantially large CH4 emissions during the rice-growing season and emit CH4 continuously in the non-rice growing season. CH4 emission factors were used to estimate the CH4 emissions from year-round flooded rice fields during the rice-growing season in China.The CH4 emissions for the year-round flooded rice fields in China for the rice growing season over a total area of 2.66 Mha were estimated to be 2.44 Tg CH4 year^-1. The uncertainties of these estimations are discussed as well. However,the emissions during the non-rice growing season could not be estimated because of limited available data. Nevertheless,methane emissions from rice fields that were flooded year-round could be several times higher than those from the rice fields drained in the non-rice-growing season. Thus, the classification of “continuously flooded rice fields”in the IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories is suggested to be revised and divided into “continuously flooded rice fields during the rice growing season” and “year-round flooded rice fields”.     

Regionalization fro Rice Yield Estimation by Remote Sensing in Zhejiang Province

In order to provide a scientific basis for rice yield estimation and improve the acouracy of yield estimation in Zhejiang Province ,Regionalization indices for rice yield estimation by remoe sensing(RS) in the province were determined by consjdering the special features of yield estimation by RS ,and based on analysis of the natural conditions of Zhejiang Province ,The indices determined included rice cropping system ,agroclimate,landform,surface feature sturcture and rice yield level,where rice planting system was considered as the mian one ,Then reionalization fro rice yield estimation by RS was completed by spatial neighboring analysis with the Geographical Infromation System(GIS) technology combined with usig of tree algorithm The province was divided into two regions ,i.e.,the single-cropping rice region which was subdivided into 3 regions including those in mountains of northewst Zhejiang,water network area of north Zhejiang and mountains of soth Zhejiang,and double-cropping rice region which was sudivided into 5 regions including those on plain of north Zhejiang,coastal plains and hills of southeast Zhejiang,Jin-Qu Basin of middle Zhejiang,hills of east Zhejiang,and hills and mountains of northewat Zhejiang,this regionaliztion took the county borders as the region boundaries ,kept the regions connective and made the administrativ regions integrity and ,then,could meet the requirements of rice yield estimation by RS,showing that the results were quite satisfying.     

限量单次灌溉对套作冬小麦和春玉米产量的影响

A field experiment was conducted during the 2002/2003 cropping season of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and spring maize (Zea mays) to evaluate the effect of limited single drip irrigation on the yield and water use of both crops under relay intercropping in a semi-arid area of northwestern China. A controlled 35 mm single irrigation, either early or late, was applied to each crop at a certain growth stage. Soil water, leaf area, final grain yield and yield components such as the thousand-grain weight, length of spike, fertile spikelet number, number of grains per spike, and grain weight per spike were measured, and water use efficiency and leaf area index were calculated for the irrigated and non-irrigated relay intercropping treatments and sole cropping controls. The results showed that yield, yield components, water use efficiency, and leaf area index in the relay intercropping treatments were affected by limited single drip irrigation during various growth stages of wheat and maize. The total yields in the relay intercropping treatment irrigated during the heading stage of wheat and the heading and anthesis stage of maize were the highest among all the treatments, followed by that irrigated during the anthesis stage of wheat and silking stage of maize;so was the water use efficiency. Significant differences occurred in most yield components between the irrigated and non-irrigated relay-intercropping treatments. The dynamics of the leaf area index in the relay-intercropped or solely cropped wheat and maize showed a type of single-peak pattern, whereas that of the relay intercropping treatments showed a type of double-peak pattern. Appropriately, limited single irrigation and controlled soil water content level could result in higher total yield, water use efficiency, and leaf area index, and improved yield components in relay intercropping. This practice saved the amount of water used for irrigation and also increased the yield. Therefore, heading stage of wheat and heading and anthesis stage of maize were suggested to be the optimum limited single irrigation time for relay-intercropped wheat and maize in the semi-arid area.     

过量施用磷肥对红壤发育的水稻土化学性质的影响及其与水稻生长的关系

A filed experiment with an early rice-late rice rotation was carried out on a paddy soil derived from red soil in the southern part of Zhejing Province to elucidate the effect of excess P application on some important characteristics of soil properies and its relation to nutrient status and grain yields of rice crops.The experimental results indicated that adequate fertilizer P(15 kg P hm^-2)could increase the content of soil available P at the tillering stage of early rice,the contents of N,P and K in the shoots of early rice at primary growth stages,and the grain yield of early rice by increasing valid ears per hectare and weight per thousand grains,which,was mainly related to the higher contents of reduced,non-reduced and total sugar in the shoot at the heading stage, And early rice supplied with excessive P could not yield more than that applied with adequate, P de to the reduction in the valid grain percentage and weight per thousead grains. In addition,one-time excess P supply at a rate as high as 90 kg P hm^-2 could not improve the soil P fertility in case the soil available P content was lower than the initial(3.74mg kg^-1 soil) after an early rice-late rice rotaion,and made a decline in the grain yield increased by per kilogram fertilzer P.Thus,one-time excess P supply should not be adopted for soils with a large P fixation capacity like the paddy soils derived from red soils.     

沙漠地区滴灌条件下地膜覆盖对玉米生长的影响

Plastic cover, as a method to minimize soil water evaporation and improve water use efficiency, was used for corn during the whole growing period in a desert area. Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of plastic covering management on corn growth and rooting pattern and its relationship with changes in climate. Four treatments, 0) bared soil without cover, 1) covering one side of the crop, 2) covering both sides of the crop, and 3) covering the surface totally, were established on a sandy loam soil. Results showed that treatment 0 was significantly different from others and revealed that plastic covering was not always good to corn growth. Improper usage of plastic cover might weaken root development and thereafter lower the total yield of the crop. Suitable practices combining different methods discussed could not only improve water use efficiency but also increase the crop yield.     

基于CNN-RNN网络的中国冬小麦估产

在大范围内快速、准确地预估作物产量，对作物管理、粮食安全、粮食贸易和决策有重要意义。遥感为大规模作物估产提供了便利，大多数研究者结合深度学习和遥感影像取得了较好的结果。然而，农作物生长状态随时间变化，其产量具有非线性时空特征，单一的深度学习方法无法充分利用影像信息。因此，该研究提出了一种基于卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Networks，CNN）和门控循环单元（Gated Recurrent Unit，GRU）混合神经网络估产模型（CNN-GRU），利用CNN从多光谱遥感影像中提取丰富的空间-光谱特征，在此基础上，结合GRU从多时相遥感影像中自适应学习冬小麦生育期各阶段之间的时间依赖，从多尺度融合冬小麦的生长特征并对其产量进行回归预测。该研究以全国冬小麦主产区为研究区，选取2001-2018年MODIS影像和冬小麦产量数据，构建了冬小麦估产数据集，并验证了CNN-GRU估产模型的性能。结果表明：1）以2016-2018年估产样本作为测试集，CNN-GRU估产模型的均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error，RMSE）年平均值为818.3 kg/hm2，相较于CNN、GRU、支持向量回归（Support Vector Regression，SVR）、随机森林（Random Forest，RF）和决策树（Decision Tree，DT）模型分别降低了20.13%、18.81%、29.51%、34.84%和36.57%；2）将冬小麦整个生育期划分为6个时间窗，CNN-GRU估产模型在灌浆-成熟期时精度最高，RMSE为817 kg/hm2，而抽穗-开花期的RMSE为823 kg/hm2，相较于灌浆-成熟期高0.7%。因此，该估产模型有能力提前2个月预测全国冬小麦主产区产量。     

基于作物生长模型和遥感数据同化的区域玉米产量估算

为了将遥感观测到的玉米生长期间作物冠层方向反射波谱的时间序列变化信息用于区域玉米产量估算,该文将时间序列中分辨率成像光谱仪(moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer,MODIS)数据和高空间分辨率LandsatTM遥感观测数据相结合,以叶面积指数(LAI)作为耦合作物生长模型(crop environment resource synthesis-Maize,CERES-Maize)和植被冠层反射率模型(scattering by arbitrarily inclined leaves,SAIL)的关键参数,提出了将耦合模型与时间序列遥感观测数据同化进行区域玉米产量估算的方案。该文选择吉林省榆树市为研究区,采用MODIS和LandsatTM2种尺度数据集,利用SCE-UA(shuffled complex evolution method developed at the University of Arizona)算法分别进行玉米产量同化估产研究,得到玉米单产空间分布的估计结果,结合遥感估算的种植面积求算榆树市玉米总产量。结果表明,与玉米统计总产量相比,2007、2008和2009年遥感数据同化估算的总产量误差分别为9.15%、14.99%和8.97%;与仅利用CERES-Maize模型模拟得到的产量误差相比,3a间遥感估算总产量的误差分别减小了7.49%、1.21%和5.23%,且采用MODIS和TM遥感数据估算的玉米产量表现了其空间差异性。利用榆树市3a间玉米产量的明显差异,分析了时序遥感数据对作物长势和产量变化信息的表达能力,同年份内时序归一化差值植被指数越大,对应的玉米产量越高;年际间遥感观测反射率的差异通过数据同化方法能够反映年际间玉米产量差的变化。该文提出的玉米估产方案为将来进一步结合多源遥感数据、植被冠层反射率模型与作物生长模型进行区域玉米估产研究提供了参考。     

作物产量指数设计及在黑龙江省的应用

针对传统基于归一化植被指数（normalized difference vegetation index，NDVI）的作物长势监测方法对于同一时期处于不同生育阶段的作物缺乏可比性，以及NDVI的高低不能直接代表产量的高低的问题，该研究设计了一种可以动态反映作物长势和产量变化的具有时空可比性的统计指数（作物产量指数）。以黑龙江为例，基于单产数据、气象数据、遥感数据、作物分布数据，对3种作物分别进行估产分区，综合使用随机森林重要性评价方法和留一法为各估产分区筛选最优估产建模变量，构建动态估产模型和产量指数计算模型，并在2022年作物生长季（6—9月）进行了大豆、玉米、水稻的动态估产和产量指数预报和分析。结果显示：1）建模指标的重要性从高到低依次为趋势单产、遥感植被指数、气候类指标。2）3种作物整体单产预测精度最高的为水稻，其平均绝对相对精度(mean absolute relative precision，MARP)为95.20%，其次是玉米（MARP为93.81%），最后是大豆（MARP为92.73%）。3）以历史5 a为基期计算的3种作物的6—9月的产量指数的对比结果显示，大部分区县3种作物各月的产量指数差异处于“平”状态。4）生长季产量指数的月环比结果显示大部分区县产量指数的月环比值处于-0.01~0.01之间。该研究设计的作物产量指数可用于比较某一统计单元（如县、市或省）在特定评估时间点相对于其历史平均单产的增减状况，也可以环比相邻两个评估时间点的产量变化情况；在空间维上可以比较同处于某个特定评估时间点的不同统计单元的单产指数的高低情况，在长势监测、产量预报等中具有很好的应用前景。     

光谱指数筛选方法与统计回归算法结合的水稻估产模型对比

为了探寻高效的水稻产量估算方法,在获取2019年黑龙江省三江平原别拉洪河流域内水稻产量数据和MOD09A1遥感数据基础上,对比不同指数筛选方法和统计回归算法结合的建模估产效果,以得到其中最佳的产量估算模型。通过相关系数分析（correlation coefficient,r）法、变量投影重要性分析（Variable Importance in Projection,VIP）法和袋外数据重要性（Out-Of-Bag data importance,OOB）分析法分析水稻4个生育期（分蘖期、抽穗期、孕穗期和乳熟期）的不同波段和光谱指数对于水稻产量的敏感性,筛选出特征波段和指数,再结合随机森林（Random Forest,RF）、支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）和偏最小二乘（Partial Least Squares,PLS）3种统计回归方法,构建了9种水稻产量估算模型：r-RF、r-SVM、r-PLS、VIP-RF、VIP-SVM、VIP-PLS、OOB-RF、OOB-SVM、OOB-PLS。结果表明：同一指数筛选方法对不同模型的契合程度不同,OOB与RF更为契合,VIP和r与PLS更为契合,r与SVM更为契合;在3种建模方法中偏最小二乘模型和支持向量机模型有较好的效果,随机森林模型效果最好,其中OOB-RF模型最优,其模型验证决定系数为0.742,均方根误差为206 kg/hm2。这为水稻产量估算模型研究提供了关于在指数筛选和回归算法耦合之间的参考,具有一定的理论意义。     

变量施肥条件下冬小麦长势及品质变异遥感监测

卫星遥感数据能够在作物生长期内获取大范围“面状”地物光谱信息,反映作物的长势变异情况,以2005－2006年度国家精准农业研究示范基地冬小麦变量施肥试验为基础,以高空间分辨率卫星遥感影像Quickbird为数据源,结合地面获取的冬小麦品质、产量等数据,研究冬小麦长势及品质的变异情况。研究结果表明,Quickbird光谱参数能够反映冬小麦不同施肥处理小区的长势变异,而冬小麦早期的空间长势变异与其最终产量、品质变异有着密切的关系;冬小麦孕穗后期长势光谱信息与其产量有着很好的正相关关系,而与其品质信息存在着显著的负相关关系,其中OSAVI与产量的相关性达到0.536、GNDVI与冬小麦籽粒蛋白质及湿面筋含量的相关性分别达到了-0.531和-0.535;研究还发现,不同植被指数所反映的作物长势存在一定差异,反映冬小麦群体长势的植被参数和反映冬小麦叶绿素密度的植被指数在指示作物空间长势变异上有所不同。因此,利用遥感影像监测作物长势及其品质空间变异在技术上是可行的。     

中国作物生长模拟监测系统构建及应用

该文系统阐述了中国作物生长模拟监测系统（Crop Growth Simulating and Monitoring System in China, CGMS-China）的构建方法及其在国家级农业气象业务中的应用。CGMS-China是基于WOFOST、Oryza2000、WheatSM、ChinaAgroys 4个作物模型构建的系统,在作物长势监测评估、农业气象灾害影响评估、作物产量预报等农业气象业务中均有应用。该系统可进行作物长势监测、产量预报、农业气象灾害影响评估。利用CGMS-China模拟输出的地上生物量、叶面积指数、穗质量,建立作物长势评估指标,可对小麦、玉米、水稻进行实时长势监测与评估。通过CGMS-China对2014年8月中旬华北黄淮夏玉米的干旱产量损失评估和2016年6月22日早稻高温热害的产量损失预估表明,CGMS-China对农业气象灾害影响评估的效果较好。利用CGMS-China对2014年冬小麦主产省进行产量预报,各省的平均预报相对误差为7%。与此同时,在CGMS-China中利用遥感数据同化方法,对山西洪洞县进行产量预报,预报相对误差小于11%。该系统在国家级农业气象业务中具有良好的应用前景。     

数字高程模型和多时相MODIS数据复合的水稻种植面积遥感估算方法研究

随着搭载在TERRA卫星上的中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)的出现,它以数据丰富、时间分辨率高和覆盖范围广等特点，为水稻遥感估产提供了较好的数据源。该文利用水稻种植易受坡度影响的特性，从数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Models简称DEM)中提取坡度信息，考虑到MODIS能提供多时相及丰富的数据，采用DEM产生的坡度和两个时相MODIS影像数据及植被指数复合提取水稻种植面积，经过比较试验证明，在南方丘陵山区的复杂地形区域,多源信息复合相对于单纯利用单景影像数据可以明显提高水稻种植面积估算的精度。     

基于主成分变换的ASAR数据水稻种植面积提取

合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据是多云多雨地区水稻监测的重要数据源,多极化的SAR数据有利于识别精度的提高。通过对水稻生长期ENVISAT ASAR双极化数据后向散射系数分析得知,水稻VV极化的后向散射系数比VH极化大,两者总体上都随着水稻的生长而增大。在水稻生长后期,VV极化保持稳定,略有下降,VH极化持续增大。对6个通道的ASAR进行主成分变换,发现水稻种植区在第二主分量(PC2)上值较大,色调很亮,而在第五主分量(PC5)上值较低,色调很暗,分别反映了VV极化和VH极化在水稻生长茂盛期与生长初期的差异,两者差值(PC2-PC5)突出了水稻与其它地类的差异。利用主成分分量的差值(PC2-PC5),基于面向对象分类方法,建立了水稻种植区快速提取方法。利用该方法对福州地区2004年早稻面积进行提取,获得了满意的结果。     

基于合成孔径雷达的农作物识别研究进展

精准识别农作物对于及时准确估计农作物种植面积、产量等关键农情信息具有重要意义。合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar,SAR）以其不受云雨天气影响,可全天时、全天候监测等优点已被广泛应用于农情遥感监测领域,为大区域尺度的农作物遥感识别提供了强有力的数据保障和技术支持。该文以雷达技术的发展进程为论述主线,对20余年来国内外农作物SAR识别研究与实践应用的新进展进行了系统总结,具体归纳为4个方面：早期研究（20世纪80年代末－2002年）,特征是以单波段、单极化、多时相SAR数据为主;基于多极化、多波段SAR数据进行农作物识别与面积监测研究;利用SAR与光学遥感相结合提高农作物的识别精度与效率研究;农作物SAR分类算法研究。在今后农作物SAR识别研究中,对于复杂种植结构背景下的旱地作物识别,如何优化组合SAR系统工作参数（极化方式、频率及入射角等）及与光学遥感融合来提高农作物识别精度与时效性,发展机理性的农作物SAR分类算法将是需要重点解决的3个问题。     

同步开沟起垄精量穴直播对南方双季籼稻产量和稻米品质的影响

为了明确不同直播方式对早晚兼用双季籼稻产量和稻米品质的影响,该研究以常规早籼稻湘早籼45号和杂交晚籼稻泰优398为材料,进行早晚双季直播种植,比较人工撒直播(AS)和同步开沟起垄精量穴直播(PHDD)对早晚兼用双季直播稻出苗、产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明,与AS相比,PHDD显著提高供试品种的出苗率,早晚季增幅分别为7.4%～14.2%和6.9%～8.0%;PHDD有利于提高供试品种周年产量,2个品种的增产幅度为3.23%～21.66%,其中湘早籼45号早晚2季增产均显著,泰优398为晚季增产显著;从产量构成因素来看,PHDD下供试品种的产量提高主要与有效穗数、每穗粒数有关;PHDD显著提高湘早籼45号早季的精米率、整精米率和垩白度以及泰优398晚季的垩白粒率,显著降低泰优398早季的整精米率及湘早籼45号晚季的垩白粒率、垩白度和蛋白质含量,直链淀粉含量无显著差异;PHDD显著提高泰优398晚季米粉的峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值和最终黏度,显著降低糊化温度。总体来说,PHDD有利于提高优质水稻品种周年产量,主要与穗粒数协调有关,增产途径因品种和季节而异,同时显著改善湘早籼45号早季加工品质及晚季外观品质,降低泰优398的早季加工品质及晚季外观品质,但改善其晚季蒸煮食味品质,PHDD下晚季直播稻稻米品质改善明显。研究结果可为南方双季直播籼稻优质丰产栽培提供理论依据。