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1.
玉米-小麦一年两熟保护性耕作体系试验研究   总被引:64,自引:18,他引:46  
采用将夏玉米、冬小麦两季作物作为整体来研究适合华北一年两熟地区保护性耕作技术体系,确定了耕作和覆盖两个因素,包括免耕、深松、耙地、翻耕4种耕作方法,以及100%秸秆覆盖,50%秸秆覆盖和0覆盖3种秸秆覆盖水平。筛选设计了8种保护性耕作和2种传统翻耕共10种体系的试验方案。试验中测定了土壤含水量、容重、地温等参数和根系、产量等作物指标。试验结果表明,我国华北地区实施保护性耕作有利于节约用水,提高水分利用效率,增加作物产量。试验得出最适合的两种保护性耕作体系是:玉米-小麦全程免耕100%秸秆覆盖体系、玉米深松100%秸秆覆盖+小麦免耕100%秸秆覆盖体系。  相似文献   

2.
【目的】研究不同耕作、覆盖措施对土壤理化性质及对作物农艺性状的影响,为选择适合黄土高原沟壑区最佳耕作、覆盖措施提供参考。【方法】田间定位试验设置12个处理,分别为传统耕作、传统耕作+膜上种植、传统耕作+秸秆覆盖、传统耕作+膜侧种植、传统耕作+全膜覆盖、传统耕作+秸秆覆盖+地膜覆盖、隔年耕作、免耕、免耕+地膜覆盖、免耕+秸秆覆盖、免耕+生草覆盖、免耕+秸秆覆盖+地膜覆盖,每个处理3个重复。于2014年对已持续12年的不同耕作、覆盖措施土壤理化性质与农艺指标进行测定与分析。【结果】免耕处理降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤饱和导水率和4月下旬至10月上旬表层土壤含水量,降低了作物出苗期温度,降低了成熟期土壤全磷与速效磷含量,降低了株高、叶面积指数和产量。相反,地膜覆盖极显著增加了土壤容重(P < 0.01),显著降低了土壤饱和导水率(P < 0.05),降低了成熟期土壤有机质、全氮含量,有较为明显的保持和调节温度的作用,不同类型的地膜覆盖均能极显著提高玉米株高和叶面积指数进而提高产量(P < 0.01)。秸秆覆盖对土壤容重和含水量的影响与耕作方式有关,翻耕条件下,秸秆覆盖增加了土壤容重;免耕条件下,降低了土壤容重且均不显著。翻耕+秸秆覆盖土壤表层含水量最高;免耕+秸秆覆盖处理的土壤含水量最低。但秸秆覆盖下土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、作物株高、叶面积指数和产量与未覆盖时相比均有增加,影响皆达到显著水平(P < 0.05),且均有降低地表温度的作用。【结论】免耕虽有利于改良土壤物理性状,却较传统耕作降低了作物产量。免耕条件下秸秆+地膜处理显著提高作物产量和土壤全氮、有机质含量(P < 0.05),是免耕处理组中最优选择。不同类型的地膜覆盖均可显著提高作物产量(P < 0.05),而且秸秆+地膜双覆盖增产效果最显著,并显著提高土壤全氮、有机质含量,是黄土塬区最适宜的覆盖措施。  相似文献   

3.
摘要:基于公开发表文章中有关东北地区保护性耕作下大豆农田土壤温度和湿度数据,以传统耕作(CT)为对照,免耕(NT)、少耕(RT)、秸秆覆盖(SM)、免耕秸秆覆盖(NTSM)为处理,应用Meta分析方法定量评估保护性耕作措施对东北大豆农田土壤水热状况的影响程度。结果表明:与CT相比,保护性耕作总体上使东北大豆农田0-170cm土层的土壤体积含水量增加了9.2%,使浅层土壤(0-30cm)温度降低了8.2%;不同气候条件下4种保护性耕作措施均能提高土壤湿度;秸秆覆盖可以提高大豆整个生育时期土壤含水量,且在营养生长期对土壤水热的影响最大,土壤温度随秸秆覆盖量的增加而增加;保护性耕作措施降低土壤温度的幅度随着土壤黏粒减少而降低,提高土壤湿度的幅度随土壤深度增加而降低;免耕秸秆覆盖在不同土壤深度的蓄水保墒效果最明显,在0-20cm土层提高了32.9%的土壤湿度。综上,保护性耕作措施较传统耕作具有增湿降温效应,气温、降水、生育时期、秸秆覆盖量、土壤类型及土壤深度均对保护性耕作下大豆农田的土壤水热状况产生影响。  相似文献   

4.
黑土坡耕地秸秆覆盖对表层土壤结构和导气性的影响   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
[目的]调查研究秸秆覆盖对黑土坡耕地表层土壤结构和导气性的影响,揭示秸秆覆盖措施对农田黑土土壤物理性状和功能的影响。[方法]利用黑土农田保护性耕作连续7a的坡耕地长期定位田间试验,系统观测秸秆覆盖免耕处理和传统耕作处理的表层0—10cm的土壤容重、孔隙度、饱和含水量、田间持水量和土壤导气率等指标,并加以分析。[结果](1)与秸秆移除传统耕作相比,秸秆覆盖免耕处理能够显著增加表层土壤容重、饱和含水量以及田间持水量,减少总孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度;(2)秸秆覆盖免耕处理使土壤水稳性团聚体显著增加,水稳性大团聚体(0.25mm)的含量、平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GWD)分别提高了10.41%,45.28%和22.58%,且土壤表层导气性降低了30%。[结论]连续7a的秸秆覆盖免耕改善了表层土壤团粒结构,增加了保水能力,但导气性较差。  相似文献   

5.
为了探讨不同覆盖耕作方式对农田土壤物理性状及作物产量的影响,该试验研究了免耕、常规2种耕作方式和4种留茬高度的玉米秸秆还田处理,对麦-玉两熟农田土壤含水率、容重、孔隙度以及作物产量的影响。结果表明:在0~40cm土层内,秸秆还田的集雨和保水效果显著,免耕留茬0.5m还田处理的含水率比免耕无覆盖处理增加了15.95%。秸秆还田量对0~40cm内土壤贮水量的影响不同。耕作措施显著影响了土壤容重,小麦播种前常规留茬1m还田、常规全量还田处理容重低至1.0g/cm3左右。秸秆还田能增加土壤总孔隙度、降低毛管与非毛管孔隙度的比值。单一免耕处理降低了作物产量,而免耕覆盖能增产,其留茬1m还田处理比无还田处理增产22.44%,比常规留茬0.5m还田处理高3.64%。因此,免耕留茬1m还田处理在改善农田土壤物理性状和增加作物产量方面显著,该研究可为农田管理过程中耕作措施和秸秆还田量的选择提供参考依据。  相似文献   

6.
为了解决陇中黄土高原地区长期传统耕作引起的耕地质量下降问题,在黄土高原半干旱区研究了不同耕作措施下豌豆的出苗情况、不同生育时期土壤水分的垂直分布、耗水量及水分利用效率和产量效应。结果表明,保护性耕作能够显著改善 0~200 cm 土层土壤的贮水量及含水量,随着降水量的增多土壤对降水的保蓄能力增强。2015年试验区降水充沛,免耕地膜覆盖更具优势,免耕覆膜处理的小麦产量较传统耕作提高了11.64%。耕层土壤水分因受降水等因素的影响而变化剧烈,0~30 cm土层豌豆全生育期内免耕覆膜处理、覆草免耕处理的含水量分别较传统耕作有所增加,耕层以下土壤水分变幅相对较小。播种期、5叶期及收获期土壤具有较高含水量,而开花期土壤含水量则较低。与传统耕作相比,保护性耕作中的传统耕作覆盖地膜处理、免耕覆膜处理、覆草免处理耕处理使土壤水分利用效率明显提高,分别较传统耕作不覆盖处理提高了7.1%、5.8%、3.6%。说明在2015年降水条件下,实施地膜覆盖或者免耕秸秆覆盖有利于豌豆高效利用水分及高产。  相似文献   

7.
为探索不同降水年型下耕作结合秸秆覆盖措施对旱作马铃薯生育期土壤贮水量、作物耗水特征和产量形成的影响,连续3年在旱作区秋作物收获后通过设置不同耕作方式(免耕、深松、翻耕)结合秸秆覆盖进行大田试验研究。结果表明,经过3年耕作覆盖处理后,免耕、深松结合秸秆覆盖能显著降低0—40 cm层土壤容重,提高土壤有机质含量。保护性耕作结合秸秆覆盖措施可显著提高马铃薯生育期0—200 cm层土壤贮水量,相对欠水年和欠水年马铃薯全生育期土壤贮水量均以深松覆秸秆处理最高,分别较翻耕不覆盖显著提高15.80%和20.80%,平水年以免耕覆秸秆处理最高,较翻耕不覆盖显著提高14.78%。其中以深松覆秸秆处理对相对欠水年生长前期0—60 cm土层和中期120—200 cm土层、平水年前期20—100 cm土层及欠水年生育期0—80 cm土层土壤蓄水效果最佳。深松或免耕覆盖秸秆处理可显著降低马铃薯生长前期阶段耗水量、耗水模系数和耗水强度,显著提高生长中后期阶段耗水量、耗水模系数和耗水强度,尤其在欠水年效果较好。与翻耕不覆盖相比,深松覆秸秆处理更有利于增加马铃薯干物质量,尤其在欠水年生长中期增加地上部干物质量和在平水...  相似文献   

8.
保护性耕作对陇中黄土高原雨养农田土壤物理性状的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
依托设置于陇中黄土高原雨养农田豆麦双序列轮作系统的保护性耕作长期定位试验,探讨不同耕作措施对土壤物理性状的影响。共设6种耕作措施:T(传统耕作)、NT(免耕不覆盖)、TS(传统耕作+秸秆还田)、NTS(免耕+秸秆覆盖)、TP(传统耕作+地膜覆盖)及NTP(免耕+地膜覆盖)。结果表明:保护性耕作可降低土壤容重,提升土壤总孔隙度,NTS处理可显著降低0-30cm各土层土壤容重,并显著提升0-30cm各土层总孔隙度和表层土壤饱和导水率;保护性耕作可增大0-30cm各土层机械稳定性和水稳性团聚体含量(≥0.25mm)、平均重量直径(MWD)和平均几何直径(GMD),NTS效果最好;容重和总孔隙度分别与产量呈极显著负相关、极显著正相关,机械稳定性团聚体的含量、MWD和GMD分别与产量呈极显著正相关、显著正相关、显著正相关;水稳性团聚体的含量、MWD和GMD均与产量呈极显著正相关。说明保护性耕作可以改善土壤结构,进而促进作物增产。  相似文献   

9.
几种保护性耕作措施在黄土高原旱作农田的实践   总被引:16,自引:5,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
自2001年起,甘肃农业大学的研究者在甘肃省定西市安定区李家堡镇布设了不同保护性耕作措施下春小麦→豌豆和豌豆→春小麦轮作系统的定位试验,以研究免耕不覆盖(NT)、传统耕作秸秆还田(TS)、免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)、传统耕作地膜覆盖(TP)和免耕地膜覆盖(NTP)等保护性耕作措施在黄土高原旱作农田生态系统中的效应。本文就近10年依托该试验获取的相关研究结果进行综述,重点阐述特定土壤、气候、农作制度下土壤理化性状、土壤微生物及其酶活性、土壤温室气体排放、作物生理生态等对上述几种保护性耕作措施的响应。初步得到免耕秸秆覆盖措施有助于形成良好的土壤结构、减少土壤侵蚀、改善土壤持水特性、提高土壤养分利用效率、改善土壤微生物区系、增强作物光合效能、增加作物产量等结论,对筛选出当地适宜的耕作模式、改善区域土壤质量、促进农业可持续发展有重要意义。在此基础上,提出目前该项研究存在的问题和今后重点关注的方向:1)保护性耕作土壤碳循环机理;2)覆盖方式的创新;3)温室气体排放测量方法的改进与完善。  相似文献   

10.
不同耕作措施对土壤水分和青贮夏玉米水分生产率的影响   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
适宜的耕作与覆盖措施可在不同程度节约农业用水。本文选用了翻耕处理、燃茬免耕处理和覆盖免耕处理为主要耕作措施,开展了为期2a的田间试验,研究不同措施对农田土壤含水量、土面蒸发、夏玉米生长指标、产量和水分生产率的影响。研究结果表明在降雨较少年份(2010年),覆盖免耕处理0~20cm土壤含水量均高于其他2处理,2a试验期间覆盖免耕处理0~120cm土壤贮水量一直高于其他2处理,且其土面蒸发量最小。2a试验期间,覆盖免耕青贮夏玉米产量较翻耕和燃茬免耕分别提高了11%和9%,青贮夏玉米水分生产率分别提高了11.7%和14.8%。覆盖免耕能减少土面蒸发和提高水分生产率,因此建议在北京地区夏玉米种植采用覆盖免耕措施。  相似文献   

11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
【目的】以富士(Fuji)、 秦冠(Qinguan)嫁接在平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水(ZZ)、 低氮正常水(DZ)、 正常氮干旱(ZG)、 低氮干旱(DG)。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮(6 mmol/L NO-3-N)、 低氮(0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N)、 正常供水(保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%)、 干旱处理(保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%)。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量(茎和叶)、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水(ZZ)>低氮正常水(DZ)>正常氮干旱(ZG)>低氮干旱(DG),并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水(ZZ)>低氮正常水(DZ)>正常氮干旱(ZG)>低氮干旱(DG); 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶>根>茎,磷元素则是根>叶>茎;光合氮素利用效率(PNUE)和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水(DZ)处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱(DG)处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

12.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.  相似文献   

13.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

14.
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.  相似文献   

15.
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.  相似文献   

16.
李聃枫  朱春梧 《土壤》2020,52(3):561-566
自20世纪60年代"绿色革命"以来,育种技术和农耕技术的发展促进了农作物产量的大幅提升,然而作物的营养品质出现下降趋势。在相似的遗传背景下,大气CO_2浓度升高会使单位体积农作物产品的营养元素含量下降,因此"绿色革命"至今,农作物产品的营养元素下降可能受大气CO_2浓度升高影响。通过植物生长箱模拟"绿色革命"初期和目前的大气CO_2浓度水平(310μmol/mol和400μmol/mol),针对主要C_3作物水稻、小麦和大豆,研究"绿色革命"以来大气CO_2浓度升高对其籽粒的C、N、Fe、Zn元素含量的影响,结果表明:CO_2浓度升高对3种作物籽粒的C元素含量几乎没有影响,变化幅度在±1.5%之间;籽粒的N、Fe、Zn元素含量普遍呈现下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平。  相似文献   

17.
Discovery and incorporation of genes from wild species provide means to sustain crop improvement, particularly when levels of resistance in the cultigens are low and virulent strains of pests and pathogens overcome the host plant resistance. The extent of utilization and the potential of the wild genepool for genetic enhancement were reviewed in five important food crops viz. sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut grown in the semi-arid tropics. Introgression from compatible wild germplasm in the primary gene pool resulted in transfer of new cytoplasmic male sterility systems in pearl millet and pigeonpea, development of high protein, cleistogamous flower and dwarf pigeonpea lines and foliar disease resistant groundnut cultivars. Utilization of wild species in secondary and tertiary gene pools has been generally limited due to sterility, restricted recombination or cross incompatibility. Nevertheless, these species are extremely important as they contain high levels of resistance to several important biotic and abiotic stresses. Several of them, like those belonging to the Parasorghum section and the rhizomatous Arachis species are sources of multiple resistances and hold great promise to sustain crop productivity.  相似文献   

18.
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.  相似文献   

20.
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.  相似文献   

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