Effects of Curtailment of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Biological Properties and Tea Leaf Yield in Acid Tea Field Soils

In Japan, the soils in tea fields are further acidified by heavy application of nitrogen fertilizer. In the long-term fertilizer application fields, available P, total carbon and nitrogen contents had the highest in the Multi-F plot, followed by the 98-D.F plot and the smallest in the 95-D.F plot. Soil enzymes activity had the highest the Multi-F plot. It was estimated that all of the enzyme activity were often corresponded with the results of the organic matter and the available P contents. The number of fungi under acidic condition had the close relation since change of these enzymes activity. It was evident that fungi were participated in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism in acid tea field soils. It became clear that the number of fungi and enzymes activity decreased corresponding well with the available P and the organic matter contents depend on fertilization management. Moreover in case of qualities of green tea, generally difference between experimental plots and Multi-F plot were to be small. It was indicated that influence to the yields by curtailment of the amount of nitrogen fertilization was small.     

Effects of Vermicompost Tea (Aqueous Extract) on Pak Choi Yield,Quality, and on Soil Biological Properties

This study investigated the effects of vermicompost tea (aqueous extract) on yield and chemical quality of pak choi (Brassica rapa cv Bonsai, Chinensis group) grown in three media (two soils and a peat-perlite medium) under two fertilizer regimes (compost and synthetic fertilizer). The impacts of tea application on the chemical and biological properties of the growth media were also investigated. Vermicompost teas were prepared using various extraction methods (non-aerated, aerated, aerated with additives) with 1:10 (v:v) chicken manure-based vermicompost to water dilution and applied weekly at the rate of 200 mL plant^?1 for 4 weeks. Application of vermicompost tea increased plant production, total carotenoids and total glucosinolates in plant tissue. This effect was most prominent under compost fertilization. Total phenolic was lower in vermicompost tea treated plants compared to those treated with only mineral nutrient solution and the water control. Vermicompost tea improved mineral nutrient status of plants and media, and enhanced the biological activity of the media. Variability in yield and chemical quality of plants across treatments was explained largely by variability in tissue N uptake and dry matter accumulation. Dehydrogenase activity and soil respiration of vermicompost tea-treated growth media were approximately 50% higher than untreated media. This study confirmed that vermicompost tea can positively influence plant yield and quality and increase soil biological activity in multiple soil types.     

生物炭基肥对酸化茶园土壤养分及茶叶产质量的影响

针对多年生茶园土壤酸化严重、养分失衡、茶叶产质量下降等问题,以七年生酸化茶园为研究对象,设置不施肥（CK）、常规化肥（F）、生物炭（B）、低量生物炭基肥（BF1）、中量生物炭基肥（BF2）和高量生物炭基肥（BF3）6个处理,通过大田试验探究生物炭基肥对酸化茶园土壤肥力性状、茶树养分吸收以及茶叶产质量的影响,揭示生物炭基肥对茶叶的增产提质机理。结果表明:与CK相比,BF1 ~ BF3处理显著提高酸化茶园土壤pH以及铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾、交换性钙和交换性镁含量,且随炭基肥施用量的增加而增大,改土效果明显优于B和F处理;BF1 ~ BF3处理的茶叶养分积累量、SPAD值、产质量以及水浸出物、咖啡碱、氨基酸含量均显著高于CK处理,茶叶酚氨比显著低于CK处理,但与B和F处理的差异不显著;灰色关联分析表明茶叶产质量与土壤pH、铵态氮、速效钾、交换性镁和速效磷以及茶叶SPAD值、氮和镁积累量等因子关联密切,是影响茶叶产质量的主要因子。表明施用生物炭基肥可显著减缓酸化茶园土壤酸性,提高土壤养分有效性,促进茶树对氮、钾和镁的吸收,增强茶树光合作用从而显著提高茶叶的产质量,且以施用2590 kg hm?2生物炭基肥处理的效果较优。     

绿茶生产质量信息管理系统设计与实现

为提高茶叶生产的质量安全监控信息化水平及茶叶生产企业管理的信息化水平,减少因茶园施肥、用药、加工等所造成的茶叶质量安全问题,将信息技术和茶叶生产质量管理关键控制点结合起来,采用计算机技术、网络数据库技术,设计并开发了绿茶生产质量信息管理系统,实现了绿茶产地环境、种植环节、加工过程及包装储运等质量关键控制点信息的网络化管理。     

Remobilization of Phosphorus in Tea Plants

Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is a highly phosphorus (P) deficiency-tolerant species, however, involving mechanisms have not been investigated so far. In this work, mechanisms for intrinsic efficiency of P utilization were studied in tea seedlings grown hydroponically without or with adequate P supply. The contribution of P reserve in cotyledons to the P nutrition of tea seedlings and the role of mature leaves were examined at two contrasting P supply levels in plants with intact or severed cotyledons. During three subsequent harvest intervals, distinct reduction of P content was observed not only in cotyledons, but also in the mature leaves, stem and roots of plants supplied with low P. In plants supplied adequately with P, in contrast, a continuous rise of P content was detected. It was concluded that the cotyledons of tea plants are a major source of P but not organic compounds for growth of the young seedlings.     

Aluminum and nutrient interplay across an age-chronosequence of tea plantations within a hilly red soil farm of subtropical China

Aluminum (Al) and nutrients are key factors to influence tea (Camellia sinensis L.) productivity and quality, while how they interplay in tea plantations under the pressure of global change and increasing fertilization is little studied. In this study, we selected the tea plantations along an age-chronosequence to study Al fractions using a sequential extraction procedure, and nutrient concentrations in topsoil and subsoil and various plant organs. Our results indicated that Al levels and nutrient concentrations in soils and plants generally increased with planting year (P < 0.05), and soil Al bioavailability was positively correlated with Al concentrations in most plant organs. Significant negative relations among pH and most extractable Al fractions in both soil layers suggested that decreased pH would directly alter soil-plant Al cycling due to exogenous nitrogen (N) fertilizer and atmospheric acid deposition. Topsoil total phosphorus (P) was positively correlated with most Al fractions, and root P was positively correlated with root Al concentration, both of which indicate that P and Al were synchronously absorbed by roots in acid tea soils. In addition, topsoil organic carbon was positively correlated with both active and inert Al fractions, indicating that above-ground organic litters would be the main source of elevated Al levels in older tea plantations. Clearly, Al enrichment in tea leaves with increasing planting year needs to be considered under management practices with heavy N and P fertilizers and increasing atmospheric acid deposition in subtropical China.     

Microbial Biomass,Community Diversity,and Enzyme Activities in Response to Urea Application in Tea Orchard Soils

To improve yield and quality in tea orchards, a large amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is usually applied. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of N application on microbial community and activity in tea orchard soils and assess the relative importance of fertilizer application versus land use in structuring the soil microbial community. Urea application caused significant decreases in soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities in the three tea orchards. For the wasteland and forest, soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities significantly increased as a result of N fertilizer application. Urea application caused significant decreases in microbial functional and genetic diversity indices of the three tea orchards. Moreover, the bacterial and fungal phospholipid fatty acids were found to be changed with urea application. Multivariate analyses consistently showed that land use had a greater effect on soil microbial community diversity than urea application.     

Tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) roots secrete oxalic acid and caffeine into medium containing aluminum

We examined the response of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) to aluminum (Al) exposure under sterile conditions, focusing specifically on the secretion of low molecular mass organic compounds from roots. After germination in agar medium, tea seedlings together with medium were placed on agar containing 0.4?mM Al with 0.2% hematoxyline (hematoxylin-Al medium). The purple color of the hematoxylin-Al medium was observed to fade gradually, until none of the color remained 6 days later. The tea seedlings were then treated with simple calcium solution (0.2?mM, at pH 4.2) containing AlCl₃, which ranged in concentration from 0 to 0.8?mM, for 24?hrs. The amount of oxalate secreted into the medium increased as the external Al concentration increased, while the concentrations of malate and citrate in the medium remained unchanged. Oxalate secretion started within 30?min after Al exposure and increased linearly thereafter. The findings demonstrated that oxalate was a key compound in the Al-tolerance mechanism employed by the tea plant, which detoxifies Al³⁺ externally in the rhizosphere. In addition to oxalate, caffeine was also secreted by tea roots in response to Al exposure. It is possible that caffeine excretion from the roots of tea plants may stimulate root growth through the inhibition of callose deposition in root tips.     

Identification and Characterization of High Acid Tolerant and Aluminum Resistant Yeasts Isolated from Tea Soils

From acidic tea soils of Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan, some soil properties were determined and 38 strains of acid tolerant microorganisms were isolated. Different Al³⁺ concentrations were applied to YG media to estimate Al resistance. Selected microbial strains could grow strongly in the liquid media in the presence of 100 mM Al³⁺ and survive even in 300 mM Al³⁺ at pH 3.0. Their base sequences of 28S rDNA-D1/D2 were determined and sequence data were searched using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) system. The results of sequencing revealed that the isolates belong to two different species, Cryptococcus sp. and Candida palmioleophila. When cultivated with various Al³⁺ concentrations, the yeast growth was inhibited at a concentration of 200 mM. Pre-cultivation of these strains with 0–30 mM Al³⁺ did not promote the growth response caused by Al³⁺. Inductively-Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to assess the elimination of Al. The amount of Al remaining in culture media was decreased considerably after cultivation. Due to a capacity for resistance to significant Al concentrations as well as high Al elimination, these acid tolerant and Al resistant yeasts may have potential applications in the bio- and phyto-remediation of Al and acid-contaminated soils.     

Mechanisms of aluminum‐induced growth stimulation in tea (Camellia sinensis)

Beneficial effects of aluminum (Al) on plant growth have been reported for plant species adapted to acid soils. However, mechanisms underlying the stimulatory effect of Al have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the possible contribution of photosynthesis, antioxidative defense, and the metabolism of both nitrogen and phenolics to the Al‐induced growth stimulation in tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] Kuntze) plants. In hydroponics, shoot growth achieved its maximum at 50 μM Al suply (24 μM Al³⁺ activity). A more than threefold increase of root biomass was observed for plants supplied with 300 μM Al (125 μM Al³⁺ activity). Total root length was positively related to root Al concentrations (r = 0.98). Chlorophyll a and carotenoid concentrations and net assimilation rates were considerably enhanced by Al supply in the young but not in the old leaves. Activity of nitrate reductase was not influenced by Al. Higher concentrations of soluble nitrogen compounds (nitrate, nitrite, amino acids) and reduction of protein concentrations suggest Al‐induced protein degradation. This occurred concomitantly with enhanced net CO₂‐assimilation rates and carbohydrate concentrations. Aluminum treatments activated antioxidant defense enzymes and increased free proline content. Lowering of malondialdehyde concentrations by Al supply indicates that membrane integrity was not impaired by Al. Leaves and roots of Al‐treated plants had considerably lower phenolic and lignin concentrations in the cell walls, but a higher proportion of soluble phenolics. In conclusion, Al‐induced growth stimulation in tea plants was mediated by higher photosynthesis rate and increased antioxidant defense. Additionally, greater root surface area may improve water and nutrient uptake by the plants.     

油茶根系吸收铝导致生长介质酸化

选用油茶为试验材料,采用固体琼脂培养和溶液培养两种试验体系,研究了油茶根系吸收铝离子与生长介质pH变化的关系。琼脂培养试验结果表明,在钙离子和铝离子介质中,油茶根际区域均发生了明显的酸化;溶液培养试验结果进一步表明,阳离子的吸收尤其是铝离子的吸收是介质酸化的原因,铝与钙同时存在时,溶液酸化主要是由铝离子的吸收引起的。另外,随着溶液铝浓度的增加,溶液pH下降幅度增加,二者之间呈现极显著正相关关系,且油茶培养时间越长,溶液pH下降越多。所有这些结果表明油茶吸收铝会降低生长介质pH。     

Aluminum-Enhanced Proton Release Associated with Plasma Membrane H+-Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity and Excess Cation Uptake in Tea (Camellia sinensis) Plant Roots

Cultivated tea (Camellia sinensis) plants acidify the rhizosphere, and Aluminum (Al) toxicity is recognized as a major limiting factor for plant growth in acidic soils. However, the mechanisms responsible for rhizosphere acidification associated with Al have not been fully elucidated. The present study examined the effect of Al on root-induced rhizosphere acidification, plasma membrane H⁺-adenosine triphosphatase (H⁺-ATPase) activity, and cation-anion balance in tea plant roots. The exudation of H⁺ from tea plant roots with or without Al treatment was visualized using an agar sheet with bromocresol purple. The H⁺-ATPase activity of plasma membranes isolated from the roots was measured after hydrolysis using the two-phase partition system. The Al treatment strongly enhanced the exudation of H⁺, and the acidification of tea plant roots by Al was closely associated with plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase activity. The root plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase activity increased with Al concentration. The Al content, amount of protons released, and H⁺-ATPase activity were significantly higher in roots treated with Al than in those untreated. The results of the cation-anion balance in roots showed an excess of cations relative to anions, with the amount of excess cation uptake increasing with increasing Al concentrations. These suggest that Al-enhanced proton release is associated with plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase activity and excess cation uptake. Findings of this study would provide insights into the contributing factors of soil acidification in tea plantations.     

Identification and Characterization of High Acid Tolerant and Aluminum Resistant Yeasts Isolated from Tea Soils

From acidic tea soils of Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan, some soil properties were determined and 38 strains of acid tolerant microorganisms were isolated. Different Al³⁺ concentrations were applied to YG media to estimate Al resistance. Selected microbial strains could grow strongly in the liquid media in the presence of 100 mM Al³⁺ and survive even in 300 mM Al³⁺ at pH 3.0. Their base sequences of 28S rDNA-D1/D2 were determined and sequence data were searched using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) system. The results of sequencing revealed that the isolates belong to two different species, Cryptococcus sp. and Candida palmioleophila. When cultivated with various Al³⁺ concentrations, the yeast growth was inhibited at a concentration of 200 mM. Pre-cultivation of these strains with 0–30 mM Al³⁺ did not promote the growth response caused by Al³⁺. Inductively-Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to assess the elimination of Al. The amount of Al remaining in culture media was decreased considerably after cultivation. Due to a capacity for resistance to significant Al concentrations as well as high Al elimination, these acid tolerant and Al resistant yeasts may have potential applications in the bio- and phyto-remediation of Al and acid-contaminated soils.     

铝对茶树生长与生理特性影响的研究

以平阳特早（PYTZ）和乌牛早（WNZ）为实验材料,通过水培试验,设置0 mmol/L和0.4 mmol/L两个铝浓度处理,研究了铝对两个茶树品种生长及生理指标的影响。结果表明:铝处理明显促进茶树生长发育,增加茶树叶片叶绿素的含量,并提高了超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性,使丙二醛（MDA）含量降低,但影响的程度两个品种间存在着明显的差异。     

不同调控措施在强酸性高硒茶园土壤中的应用研究

通过田间试验,研究了生物肥和粉煤灰、秸秆干馏液配合施用共4种不同调控措施对强酸性高硒茶园土壤上茶叶硒含量、土壤理化性质和土壤硒有效性的影响。结果表明,4种调控措施不同程度地提高了土壤中有效硒含量和茶叶硒含量,由高到低依次为：生物肥处理〉粉煤灰-秸秆干馏液-生物肥复合处理〉粉煤灰-生物肥复合处理〉秸秆干馏液-生物肥复合处理;对土壤pH值提高幅度的大小次序为：粉煤灰-秸秆干馏液-生物肥复合处理〉粉煤灰-生物肥复合处理〉生物肥处理〉秸秆干馏液-生物肥复合处理;另外,4种不同措施对改善酸化茶园土壤其他理化性质也呈现不同效果,其中秸秆干馏液-生物肥复合处理的综合效果较差。研究结果对于江苏高硒地区土壤中硒素的有效利用和加快发展富硒茶产业具有实际的参考价值和重要的指导意义。     

有机肥与控释复合肥配施对茶叶产量、品质和土壤化学性质的影响

合理施肥对于提高茶叶产量和品质具有重要作用。通过3年田间试验,对比研究了6种施肥模式（常规化肥、控释复合肥、常规化肥 + 有机肥、控释复合肥 + 有机肥、70%常规化肥 + 有机肥、70%控释复合肥 + 有机肥）对茶叶产量、品质和土壤化学性质的影响。结果表明,一次性施用茶树专用控释复合肥能够达到常规化肥1年4次施用的增产效果,并显著提高了夏茶茶叶品质。与单施常规化肥相比,增施有机肥处理的茶叶产量提高10.6% ~ 14.0%,达显著水平（P < 0 .05),净收益增加8.0% ~ 18.3%,并显著提高了茶叶水浸出物和游离氨基酸总量,降低茶多酚含量和酚氨比。与常规化肥增施有机肥相比,控释复合肥增施有机肥茶叶产量提高了3.0%（P < 0.05),净收益增加7.6% ~ 8.5%,夏茶水浸出物含量提高1.34% ~ 1.39%,茶多酚含量降低了2.7% ~ 4.7%,达显著水平（P < 0.05)。70%常规化肥 + 有机肥或70%控释复合肥 + 有机肥处理的茶叶产量及品质与全量施肥增施有机肥处理相比均无显著性差异。在培肥土壤方面,增施有机肥处理显著提高了茶园0 ~ 20?cm土层土壤pH、有机质、全氮和速效氮含量。因此,从施肥方便性、茶叶产量、经济效益、茶叶品质和培肥土壤方面综合考虑,与施用常规化肥相比,控释复合肥减少用量30%并增施有机肥是最优推荐施肥措施。     

Effect of aluminum on callose synthesis in root tips of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major factor limiting yield production on acid soils (Foy 1983). The initial symptom of Al toxicity in many plants is manifested by the inhibition of root elongation (Ownby and Popham 1990; Llugany et al. 1994; Sasaki et al. 1994; Horst et al. 1997), which occurs during a very short period of time after exposure to Al (Llugany et al. 1994; Staß and Horst 1995). In a large number of recent reports, it was shown that the root apex plays a major role in the Al-sensitivity and response mechanisms (Zhang et al. 1994; Sasaki et al. 1997; Sivaguru and Horst 1998). However, it is interesting to note that stimulatory effects of Al on the growth of plants have also been reported in some studies (Chenery 1955; Konishi et al. 1985; Huang and Bachelard 1993; Osaki et al. 1997). In tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) a stimulatory effect of Al on the growth was also demonstrated in some experiments, using intact plant (Chenery 1955; Konishi et al. 1985), cultured roots (Tsuji et al. 1994), and pollen tubes (Yokota et al. 1997). The growth of tea roots was typically more stimulated than that of shoots by Al (Konishi et al. 1985). It was assumed that Al effects might be due to the amelioration of phosphorus absorption (Konishi et al. 1985), secretion of malic acid from roots to dissolve aluminum phosphate in the rhizosphere (Jayman and Sivasubramaniam 1975), stimulation of growth of microorganisms on the root surface (Konishi 1990) or replacement of some functions of boron (Konishi 1992; Yokota et al. 1997). However, the stimulatory effects of Al on tea plant growth have not yet been el ucidated.

The formation of callose (1,3-β-glucan) has been reported as a common plant response to a variety of stresses, as well as mechanical, biophysical, chemical, and biological injury (Jaffe and Leopold 1984; Zhang et al. 1994). Increased synthesis of callose has been observed upon exposure to excess amounts of some elements, such as boron (McNairn and Currier 1965), cobalt, nickel, zinc (Peterson and Rauser 1979), and manganese (Wissemeier and Horst} 1987, 1992). Callose synthesis was also induced by Al in the roots of Triticum aestivum (Zhang et al. 1994) and Zea mays (Horst et al. 1997; Sivaguru and Horst 1998), suspension-cultured cells of Glycine max (Staß and Horst 1995), and protoplasts of Avena sativa (Schaeffer and Walton 1990) and Zea mays (Wagatsuma et al. 1995). Induction of callose synthesis in roots seems to be a very rapid physiological indicator of Al-induced injury or genotypical differences in Al sensitivity (Wissemeier and Horst 1992; Zhang et al. 1994; Horst et al. 1997). Nevertheless, Al-induced callose synthesis in tea plant, whose growth is stimulated by suitable Al concentrations, has not been described yet. Therefore, to elucidate the physiological basic effects of Al on tea plant, callose synthesis affected by Al in the root tips of intact plants was analyzed in the present study.     

竹炭基生物炭对茶叶品质和土壤微生物群落结构的影响

为探讨竹炭对茶叶品质、土壤微生物群落结构及土壤酶的影响,本研究以多年种植的茶园土为对象,茶叶为供试作物,设置5个处理:不施肥对照处理(CK₁);有机肥7 500 kg·hm^-2对照处理(CK₂);有机肥7 500 kg·hm^-2+竹炭1 125 kg·hm^-2处理(T₁);有机肥7 500 kg·hm^-2+竹炭2 250 kg·hm^-2处理(T₂);有机肥7 500 kg·hm^-2+竹炭3 375 kg·hm^-2处理(T₃),探究茶园多年种植条件下土壤微生物和胞外酶对施入竹炭的响应机制。结果表明,竹炭的施入对土壤微生物总生物量(T)、细菌生物量(B)、真菌生物量(F)、茶叶产量(Y)、Mg含量、过氧化氢酶(PER)活性、酸性磷酸酶(ACP) 活性、β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)活性和蔗糖酶(SU)活性具有促进作用,各处理表现为T₂>T₁>T₃> CK₂>CK₁;对放线菌生物量(A)、真菌/细菌(F/B)比值、百芽重(BW)、发芽密度(BD)、水浸出物(WE)、咖啡碱(Caf)、茶多酚(Po)、氨基酸(Am)、儿茶素(Cat)和Vc含量也具有促进作用,各处理表现为T₂>T₃>T₁>CK₂>CK₁。竹炭施入通过改变F/B比值和酚氨比,从而改善了病土食物网结构、土壤生态系统食物网营养结构以及茶叶的品质。在外界种植环境相同的条件下,随着竹炭添加量的增加,T、B、F、A、F/B、BG活性、PER活性、ACP活性、SU活性呈现先增加后减少的趋势,酚氨比、G^-/G⁺呈现下降趋势,压力指数先减少而后升高。竹炭添加量为2 250 kg·hm^-2(T₂)时更为有效。本研究结果可为深入解析茶叶品质、茶园土壤质量演变特征与保护提供科学依据。     

缓控释肥在茶园中应用的研究进展

施肥是满足茶树营养需求的关键技术,茶园施肥主要以化肥为主,施用量大且养分流失严重,对茶园环境造成了威胁。为了更好地发挥化肥的作用,生产出了养分利用率高的缓控释肥。近年来,缓控释肥在茶园施用效果表明:(1)可以提高茶园土壤的保水保肥性,增加土壤中铵态氮的含量;(2)减少茶园氮素的流失,将氮素的利用率提高到55%~80%;(3)提高茶叶中氨基酸、咖啡碱的含量,改善茶叶品质,提高茶叶产量。但是,目前缓控释肥应用于茶园方面的研究仍有不足,本文在总结缓控释肥定义、释放机理、分类的基础上,分析了缓控释肥对茶园土壤结构、氮素流失及茶叶的影响,并提出了未来缓控释肥应用研究的4个方向。     

Effects of spraying rare earths on contents of rare Earth elements and effective components in tea

Rare earth (RE) fertilizer is widely applied in China to increase the yield and the quality of crops including tea. However, the effects of spraying RE fertilizer on the contents of rare earth elements (REE) and effective components in tea are unknown. The results from basin and field experiments show that the values of the REE concentrations in new shoots of tea plants and the concentration of REE in the soil (REE/REEs) either from control basins or from treatment basins were smaller than those in other parts of tea plant and similar between control and treatment. The longer the interval between spraying RE fertilizer and picking the shoots of tea plants, the less the effects from spraying. About 80% summation operator REE (the sum of the concentrations of 15 REE) in tea, whether it came from spraying or not, was insoluble in the infusion. About 10% the soluble REE of summation operator REE in tea infusion was bound to polysaccharide, and the amount of REE bound polysaccharide decreased over time. At least a 25 day safety interval is needed between spraying and picking if the microelement fertilizer is used, in order to enhance tea output and to ensure tea safety.