天津小站稻种植区土壤主要微量营养元素的有效量及其影响因素

土壤调查研究表明，天津小站稻种植区土壤的微量元素全量中，Fe、Mn、Zn、S丰富，Cu中等，B、Mo和Se偏低；有效态含量中，Fe、Cu、Mn、S丰富，Zn和B中等偏上，较普遍缺Se，少部分土壤缺Mo。Cu、Mn、B、Mo、Se和S的有效量受全量的影响较大，Fe和Zn的有效量与其全量相关性不明显。Cu、Fe、Mo、Se、S和Mn的有效量受有机质含量的影响显著，pH对Mn和Se有效量的影响明显，水溶性盐含量与Fe、B和S呈显著正相关。天津稻田土壤需要针对性施用微肥、配施有机肥并适当调理土壤酸碱度。本研究对于稻田土壤改良和水稻品质提升具有重要理论与实用价值。     

吉林省黑土某些微量元素环境地球化学特征

根据吉林省第二次土壤普查资料 ,对黑土中微量元素B、Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo和Zn的全量、有效态含量、它们在土壤剖面中的迁移分布等环境地球化学特征及其影响因素进行了研究 ,得出如下结论 :①吉林省黑土B、Mn、Mo、Zn的全量缺乏 ,Cu、Fe的全量略低 ;②黑土B、Cu、Zn的有效态含量缺乏 ,其中Zn严重缺乏 ;③黑土剖面中 ,B、Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo、Zn等微量元素全量与有效态含量分布相似 ,均以淋溶层最低 ,表层和淀积层较高 (Mo的全量除外 )。微量元素有效态含量剖面分布中淀积层层次较深 ,表层富集程度稍强 ;④黑土中B、Fe、Mn、Mo、Zn的有效态含量与土壤有机质含量呈显著的正相关 ;B、Mo的有效态含量与 pH值呈显著正相关 ,而Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn的有效态含量则与pH值呈负相关 ;黑土B、Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo、Zn有效态含量与其全量均达到显著相关水平。根据吉林省黑土中微量元素全量和有效态含量分布的特点 ,需施用微量元素肥料 ,增加黑土中微量元素的含量 ,促进该地区农业的可持续发展     

青岛崂山茶园土壤微量元素有效量及其影响因素研究

青岛市崂山茶种植区土壤调查研究表明,茶园土壤中6种主要微量元素(Zn、Cu、B、Mn、Fe、Mo)的有效量多大于其缺素临界值,有效态铜、锌、锰含量均处于高水平,钼中等,硼较低。统计分析表明,土壤中Zn、B、Mn等元素全量与有效量间具显著正相关性,Fe呈显著负相关性,说明全量并不是有效量的完全控制因素;pH值与有效态Zn、Cu、B、Fe和Mo均有一定的负相关关系,表明土壤酸性增强(酸化)会增加这类元素的生物有效性;有机质含量与有效态Zn、Cu、B、Fe和Mo呈正相关性,说明有机质较高有利于土壤元素活化。     

山东省主要土类高产农田的微量元素及其与理化指标的相关性研究

研究了山东省3大土类2个产量水平土壤表层的5种主要微量元素(Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu、B)含量及其与土壤主要理化指标的相关性.结果表明:不同土类的微量元素含量有明显差异,其特征是棕壤严重缺B,富含Fe和Mn.高产农田的有效Fe含量为13.10mg/kg,显著高于中低产田:有效Mn、有效Zn、有效Cu和有效B的含量分别为16.5、1.63、1.40、0.92mg/kg,也高于中低产田,但差异不显著.高产农田缺Mn、轻缺Zn比例分别为9%和33%,略大于中低产田,而缺B比例为28%,则略低于中低产田,其他微量元素不缺.     

耕作改制对砂姜黑土微量元素的影响研究

研究旱作改水旱轮作对砂姜黑土中微量元素含量、有效性和赋存形态等的影响结果表明,砂姜黑土旱作改水旱轮作后,微量元素的总含量除Mo外,均呈贫化趋势且达显著水平;Cu、Fe、Mn和Mo的有效性明显提高,Zn的有效性降低,严重缺Zn可能限制作物产量提高;残留态、晶形铁态和碳酸盐态微量元素含量随旱作改水旱轮作时间的延续而降低,有机态和无定形铁态微量元素的含量则不断增加,代换态微量元素含量变化与有效态微量元素相似,呈两极分化,Cu和Ni增加,而Zn和Mn降低.     

三工河流域绿洲土壤微量元素有效含量特征分析

土壤微量元素的含量与分布特征是反映特定地区环境状况的一个重要因素,对土地资源的合理开发和利用具有重要意义.本研究以天山北坡三工河流域冲积平原型绿洲为研究区,选择盐土、潮土和灰漠土3种土壤类型,分析其B、Mn、Zn、Fe、Cu等微量元素的有效含量特征.结果表明:⑴以"全国农业系统的土壤速效微量元素丰缺指标"为标准,土壤有效Mn含量属于极低水平,有效Zn和Fe含量属于中等水平,有效Cu属于丰富水平,有效B属于极富水平;⑵三工河流域绿洲土壤中有效Mn、Zn、Fe、Cu含量与土壤pH呈负相关关系;土壤有机质对有效Fe、Cu含量影响很大;有机质和Mn的关系不明显,这和湿润地区研究结果存在显著差异;⑶不同的土壤类型对于土壤有效B、Zn和Fe的含量影响显著;潮土中微量元素的有效含量与盐土、灰漠土中含量相比有显著差异.     

湖州市土壤微量元素含量与有效性评价

本文研究了湖州地区水稻土、红壤和潮土三种主要土壤类型的土壤微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、和Mo的有效态含量,并对各微量元素的有效态含量满足作物生长需要的状况进行评价。结果表明:湖州市土壤大面积缺钼,部分土壤缺锰、硼,而土壤有效态铜、锌含量比较丰富,土壤有效铁含量则极其丰富。最后对该市水稻土、红壤和潮土三种主要土壤类型的土壤微量元素含量与成土母质、pH、土壤有机碳之间的关系进行分析研究。     

滇西南亚热带山地主要植被类型下土壤微量元素状况研究

以滇西南澜沧县为研究区,研究了滇西南亚热带多年生常绿阔叶林、思茅松林和3 a生人工桉树林土壤中微量元素B,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn的有效含量、分布规律,以及相似生境条件下三种植被类型对土壤微量元素的消耗状况及在土壤剖面中的垂直分布规律。结果表明：（1）不同植被类型的土壤中,有效Fe含量较为丰富,远高于临界值;而有效Zn,Mn,B含量很低,低于临界值,该地区属于Zn,Mn,B缺乏区;在常绿阔叶林和思茅松林下土壤中有效Cu的含量低于临界值,而在桉树林下土壤基本不缺Cu;（2）不同植被类型林下土壤微量元素的有效量有较大差异。常绿阔叶林下土壤中有效Fe,Zn的含量最高,有效Mn的含量最少;桉树林下土壤中有效Cu,Mn的含量最多,有效Zn的含量最少;松树林下土壤中微量元素都不多,其中有效Fe的含量最少;三种植被类型下土壤都缺少有效B元素;（3）相比较而言,在相似生境条件下,桉树林对有效Fe元素的消耗大于常绿阔叶林和思茅松林,但三种植被土壤中都不缺有效Fe;常绿阔叶林和思茅松林对有效Zn,Cu元素的消耗大于桉树林;常绿阔叶林对有效Mn的消耗大于桉树林,而桉树林对有效Mn的消耗大于思茅松林。且三种植被类型下土壤中都缺Zn,Mn,B,Cu微量元素;（4）各微量元素有效量在研究区土层中的分布规律因元素种类而异,少数元素与植被类型有关;在常绿阔叶林地中,随着土壤深度增加,有效Fe,Mn含量升高,有效Zn含量降低;而在生境条件相似的桉树林地中,随着土壤深度增加,有效Fe,Mn含量降低,其它元素则没有变化规律。在思茅松林地中,随着土壤深度增加,有效Fe,Mn含量降低;而在桉树林地中,随着土壤深度增加,有效Fe,Mn含量升高,其它元素则没有变化规律。     

湖北省黄棕壤若干微量元素环境地球化学特征

在湖北省黄棕壤上采集32个土样，研究了微量元素B、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn和Mo的总含量、有效态含量、它们在土壤剖面中的迁移分布等环境地球化学特征及其影响因素。所得结果如下：（1）湖北黄棕壤B、Mn、Fe、Cu的总含量较丰富，Zn的总含量中等，Mo的总含量缺乏；B、Cu、Zn、Mo的有效态含量较缺乏；（2）各微量元素总含量在黄棕壤剖面中的分布均以心土层中最高，而有效态含量均以表土层中最高；（3） Zn、Mo的有效态含量与总含量呈显著或极显著正相关；B、Mo的有效态含量与黄棕壤pH值呈极显著正相关，Fe、Zn有效态含量则与pH值呈显著负相关；除Fe外其他微量元素的有效态含量均与土壤有机质含量呈显著或极显著正相关。     

湖南省几种主要母质发育的水稻土有效态微量元素含量及评价

采用调查采样、室内分析和评价的方法,研究了湖南省几种主要母质发育的水稻土的有效态微量元素含量及丰缺状况。结果表明,土壤有效Fe和有效Mn含量很高,属于丰富级别;土壤有效Cu、有效Zn和有效B含量极低,处于缺素状态,需要补充和施用Cu、Zn和B肥,以保证水稻的正常生长。     

Spatial variability and evaluation of status of micronutrients in selected soils around Taihu Lake, China

Background, aim, and scope  Soil micronutrients are essential for plant growth and human health. Spatial variability and evaluation of soil micronutrient status are the research hotspot. The plain of northern Zhejiang Province, around Taihu Lake, China, is a key agriculture production area. With the rapid development of agriculture in Zhejiang Province, the management of soil micronutrients is of increasing concern to sustain crop productivity and human health. Soil-available micronutrients in the study region have not previously been studied in detail. Primary objective of this research was to examine the spatial distribution and evaluation of soil-available micronutrients in the arable land in this agriculturally important region using geostatistics. The controlling factors for the spatial variability of available micronutrients were interpreted. The research findings attained in the present study are of fundamental significance in providing a guideline for precise agriculture management practice and sustaining food security. Materials and methods  Amounts of available Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B and Mo in 1893 soil samples taken from the arable land in nine counties in northern Zhejiang Province, around Taihu Lake, were measured and their spatial distribution patterns were investigated. Available Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn were extracted with DTPA and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy. Available B was extracted with boiled water, then determined by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy. Available Mo was extracted with Tamm reagent and was then determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Geostatistics was conducted for the data processing. Results  More than 50% of the arable land were deficient in available Mo, while more than 70% had extremely low amount of available B. Amounts of available Cu, Zn and Mn were relatively high, whereas the soils are extremely sufficient in available Fe. The geostatisticical data shows that Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo were best fit with an exponential model, while Fe and B were best fit with a spherical and linear model, respectively. Copper and Mo had strong spatial dependency, which is attributable to the effects of natural factors including parent material, topography, and soil type; Fe, Mn, and Zn had medium spatial dependency; however, B had weak spatial dependency, indicating an involvement of anthropogenic factors. Nevertheless, the six micronutrients studied all show spatial distribution trend to a certain extent. Discussion  Based on the provincial classification standard of soil micronutrients and the results of the present study, regionalized management of soil micronutrients was recommended. We divided the soil micronutrients investigated in the present study into three types: Type I (Fe), Type II (Mn, Cu, and Zn) and Type III (B and Mo). Type I is sufficient, and its amount needs to be controlled; otherwise, it will be toxic to crops. Type II is enough and its amount does not need to be increased currently through micronutrient fertilization. However, Type III is deficient in substantial areas in the region studied and its cause of deficiency needs to be investigated; its availability needs to be improved to sustain the crop production and food quality. The availability of B and Mo in the north of Zhejiang Province should be regionally managed. Over the past two decades, the spatial variability of soil-available micronutrients in the study region was attributable to the soil formation factors as well as anthropogenic activities such as fertilization, cultivation, and other soil management practices. The lower available B and Mo concentrations in the arable land were apparently due to continuous cropping and intensive applications of fertilizers without adequate supply of micronutrients. The high available Fe and Mn concentrations in the soils were attributed to increasing soil acidification and relatively high soil organic matter contents. The high available Cu and Zn levels of the soils in this region were attributed to intensive utilization of animal manure as fertilizers. Conclusions  Based on the provincial classification standard and the results from the present study, regionalized management of soil micronutrients was recommended. Moreover, the present study would provide an insight into understanding the basis for the development of innovative strategies for land management practices such as precision farming and environmental risk assessment. Recommendations and perspectives  The research findings attained in the present study would help to improve our understanding of spatially variable availability of soil micronutrients and providing a quantitative basis for decision and policy making to develop innovative agricultural management strategies to sustain micronutrient nutrition. Further research should be conducted to elucidate the relationship between soil micronutrient and plant growth and human health.     

太湖地区不同土壤-森林生态系统中林木生长对微量元素的反应及反馈效应

Vector analysis technique and ecological sequential comparison methods were adopted to study tree growth response to the micronutrients,B,Mo,Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn,in soils derived from various parent materials in the forest area of Tailhu Lake region in southeast China,The results showed that the dry weight of individual current-year needle of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) grown on the soil derived from granite parent rock was increased by 8% and 13% in comparison with that grown on the soils derived from sandstone and ash-tuff parent rock,respectively.And such dry weight of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) grown on the soil derived from sandstone parent rock was increased by 21% in comparison with that on the soil derived from ash-tuff parent rock.One of the reasons for those results was that micronutrients content in the soil derived from ash-tuff parent rock were not sufficient to meet the requirement of the growth of Chinese fir and loblolly pine ,i.e.,micronutrients in soil were deficient and/or induced defiient.The amounts of Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn uptake by Chinses fir and loblolly pine were in agreement with the contents of available micronutrients in soil respectively,except for B and Mo.Meanwhile,there might exist and “antagonism“ between the uptake of B versus Mo by trees,although more studies are needed to confirm it .Regression analysis indicated that amount of a soil available micronutrient was correlated to the type of parent material and its total amount in the forest floor, except for B.The F test identified that the correlation of each equation reached the significant level to different extents,respectively,The t test confirmed that amount of available forms was mainly depended on the type of parent material for Mo,Cu,Zn and Mn but on the forest floor for ,Fe,There was a feedback effect of forest stand on the amount of soil available micronutrients.The ability of accumulating available micronutrients in soil was better by the sawtooth oak(Quercus acutissima) stand than by the Chinese fir stand (except for B).The ability of accumulating available Zn,Fe,Mn and Mo in soil was better by the Chinese fir stand than by the loblolly pine stand ,while as for available B and Cu,by the latter was better than by the former,When discussing the efect of forest stand on the amount of soil available micronutrients,not only the amount of micronutrient in the forest floor and the parent materials but also the amount of micronutrient taken up by current-year needles have to be considered.     

土壤微量元素含量及其影响因素的研究

论述了临沂市土壤中硼、锌、锰、铜、铁等5种主要微量元素的状况与其它因素的关系。有效硼含量0.09~3.67 mg/kg,平均0.35 mg/kg;有效锰22~572 mg/kg,平均244 mg/kg;有效锌0.15~4.02 mg/kg,平均0.53 mg/kg;有效铜0.09~5.78 mg/kg,,平均1.03 mg/kg;有效铁3.2~162 mg/kg,平均21.5 mg/kg;有效锰2.0~131.4 mg/kg,平均23.4 mg/kg。不同土壤类型的以上5种微量元素有明显差异,其特征是砂姜黑土缺锌,棕壤、水稻土富含铁、铜、锰、锌;成土母质是影响土壤微量元素的重要因素之一,发育在基性岩上的土壤一般含量较高,而由红土母质发育的土壤则含量较低。土壤有机质含量与土壤微量元素有明显正相关关系,其中速效锌、速效硼和速效铜与有机质的关系尤为显著。     

Micro nutrient toxicity in French marigold

The influence of elevated levels of micronutrients on the growth and flowering of French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) was investigated. Plants were grown with nutrient solution containing 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 mM boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), or zinc (Zn) and toxicity development was monitored. The threshold micronutrient concentrations that induced visible foliar toxicity symptoms were 0.5 mM B, 4 mM Cu, 4 mM Fe, 2 mM Mn, 1 mM Mo, and 5 mM Zn. The dry matter yields during the 5 week experimental period were reduced when micronutrient concentrations exceeded 0.5 mM B, 3 mM Cu, 3 mM Fe, 6 mM Mn, 0.5 mM Mo, and 5 mM Zn in the fertilizer solution. Leaf chlorophyll contents decreased when the nutrient solution concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Mn were greater than 0.5 mM, 3 mM, and 2 mM, respectively. Visual toxicity symptoms of the six micronutrients were characterized.     

重庆市植烟土壤有效态微量元素含量评价

对重庆市14个县(区)的334个植烟土壤样品的有效态微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B和Mo的含量状况和分布特征进行分析,结果表明,重庆市20%以上植烟土壤缺Mo、Zn,75%以上土壤缺B,有效铁、锰含量较丰富,有效铜极丰富。有效铁、锰、铜、锌含量均与土壤pH值呈负相关关系,有效钼含量与土壤pH值呈正相关关系,有效硼含量在pH<7.0时随pH的增加而增加,但在pH>7.0时含量下降。植烟土壤中有效铁和有效铜含量与有机质含量呈极显著正相关关系,而有效锰、硼和钼与有机质无明显相关性。     

Application of micronutrients alone or with macronutrient fertilizers

Abstract

Micronutrients are applied alone to soils or with macronutrient fertilizers. Foliar application of Fe and other micronutrients is also practiced, and Mo is usually applied as a seed treatment. Since the soil application rates of B, Cu, Mn, and Zn are low, they are usually applied with macronutrient fertilizers by incorporation during the manufacturing process, bulk blending with or coating onto granular fertilizers, or with fluid fertilizers.

Chemical reactions between the micronutrient source and the macronutrient fertilizer may occur in the manufacturing process, in storage, or after soil application. These reaction products may vary widely, so care must be taken in selecting and processing micronutrient sources and macronutrient carriers so the resulting products will be available to plants. In general, plant availability of B sources is not affected during reaction. Care must be taken to apply boronated fertilizers uniformly and to avoid excessive rates, because the range between B deficiency and toxicity is very narrow. Crop response to Cu, Mn, and Zn varies with the micronutrient rate and source, macronutrient carrier, and method of application.     

Interaction of Iron with Copper,Zinc, and Manganese in Wheat as Affected by Iron and Manganese in a Calcareous Soil

Iron (Fe) availability is low in calcareous soils of southern Iran. The chelate Fe-ethylenediamine di (o-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid) (Fe-EDDHA), has been used as an effective source of Fe in correcting Fe deficiency in such soils. In some cases, however, its application might cause nutritional disorder due to the antagonistic effect of Fe with other cationic micronutrients, in particular with manganese (Mn). A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of soil and foliar applications of Fe and soil application of manganese (Mn) on dry matter yield (DMY) and the uptake of cationic micronutrients in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Ghods) in a calcareous soil. Results showed that neither soil application of Fe-EDDHA nor foliar application of Fe sulfate had a significant effect on wheat DMY. In general, Fe application increased Fe uptake but decreased that of Mn, zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu). Application of Mn increased only Mn uptake and had no significant effect on the uptake of the other cationic micronutrients. Iron treatments considerably increased the ratio of Fe to Mn, Zn, Cu, and (Mn + Zn + Cu). Failure to observe an increase in wheat DMY following Fe application is attributed to the antagonistic effect of Fe with Mn, Zn, and Cu and hence, imbalance in Fe to (Mn + Zn + Cu) ratio. Due to the nutritional disorder and imbalance, it appears that neither soil application of Fe-EDDHA nor foliar application of Fe-sulfate is appropriate in correcting Fe deficiency in wheat grown on calcareous soils. Hence, growing Fe-efficient wheat cultivars should be considered as an appropriate practice for Fe chlorosis-prone calcareous soils of southern Iran.     

Spatial Distribution and Management Zones for Sulphur and Micronutrients in Shiwalik Himalayan Region of India

Agricultural land degradation due to nutrient deficiencies is a threat to agricultural sustainability. As nutrients availability is influenced by soil heterogeneity, climatic conditions and anthropogenic activities; hence, delineation of nutrient management zones (MZs) based on spatial variability could be an effective management option at regional scale. Thus, the present study was carried out to delineate MZs in the Shiwalik Himalayan region of India by capturing spatial variability of soil properties and secondary and micronutrients status because of the emerging nutrient deficiencies. For the study, a total of 2575 geo‐referenced representative surface (0–15 cm depth) soil samples were collected from the study region covering an area of 53,483 km². The soils were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon, available sulphur (S) and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, B and Mo) concentrations. There was a wide variation in soil properties with coefficient of variation values of 14 (for pH) to 86% for available Mo. Geostatistical analysis revealed spherical, Gaussian, exponential, stable, circular and K‐Bessel best‐fit models for soil properties. Most of the soil properties were having moderate spatial dependence except soil pH and S (strong spatial dependence) and Zn (weak spatial dependence). About 49%, 10%, 2%, 13%, 11%, 12% and 8% area of the study region were found to be deficient (including acute and marginal deficiency) in S, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, B and Mo, respectively. The principal component analysis and fuzzy c‐mean clustering were performed to develop the MZs. Four principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 and accounting 65·4% of total variance were retained for further analysis. On the basis of fuzzy performance index and normalized classification entropy, four potential MZs were identified. Analysis of variance confirmed the heterogeneity in most of the studied soil properties among the MZs. The study indicated that the methodology of delineating MZs can be effectively used in site‐specific S and micronutrients management in the Shiwalik Himalayan region of India. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.