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1.
甲基对硫磷降解菌DLL-1的诱变育种 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:9
采用紫外线和氯化锂诱变 ,从甲基对硫磷降解菌假单胞菌 (Pseudomonassp.)DLL -1中获取高效突变株DLL -E1 ,DLL -E2 ,DLL -E3 ,DLL -E4。并对其降解甲基对硫磷性能、降解对硝基苯酚性能、底物广谱性及胞外酶及粗酶液活性等生物学功能进行了研究。与出发菌株相比 ,上述性能均有所提高。选择DLL -E4作为进一步研究的对象 ,详细研究了其对甲基对硫磷及对硝基苯酚的耐受和降解情况。高效菌株的选育为农药残留降解的酶学研究打下了基础。 相似文献
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有机磷农药污染土壤的微生物降解研究进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
有机磷农药是目前我国使用量最大的农药之一,严重污染环境和生态系统,并通过食物链在生物体内富集,进而危害人类健康。微生物降解技术具有降解效率高、代谢途径多、无二次污染的优势,是目前清除环境中有机磷农药的主要手段,能有效降低有机磷农药的危害。目前有机磷农药的降解微生物主要是通过实验室纯培养方法获得,与自然生态环境中存在的降解功能性微生物信息差异较大,而利用不可培养方法识别功能性微生物的技术具有广阔的应用前景。本文从有机磷农药的使用情况及引发的环境问题出发,概述了有机磷农药在土壤中的迁移转化途径,稳定同位素探测技术和磁性纳米材料等不可培养方法对有机磷农药降解功能性微生物的识别,微生物降解有机磷农药污染土壤的功能基因、降解途径及降解机理;探讨了植物–微生物联合修复在有机磷农药污染土壤修复中的作用,并分析了环境因子及农药自身性质对有机磷农药降解的影响;最后,讨论了微生物降解技术存在的问题及今后研究方向。 相似文献
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土霉素降解菌筛选及降解特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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研究了酵母膏、葡萄糖、蛋白胨、土壤浸液及Ca2 、Mg2 、Fe2 、Fe3 、Al3 、Mn2 、Co2 、Zn2 、Li 、Cu 、Cu2 、Ba2 、Ni2 等 13种金属离子对甲基对硫磷降解菌DLL E4降解对硝基苯酚的影响。结果表明 :适量添加酵母膏、葡萄糖和蛋白胨都能有效提高菌株对对硝基苯酚的降解 ,土壤浸液没有影响 ;金属离子中 ,除Li 和 0 1mmolL-1Fe3 外均对DLL E4降解对硝基苯酚的性状有一定的影响 ,其中Ca2 、Mg2 、Mn2 影响不大 ,Fe3 、Fe2 、Al3 、Ba2 、Zn2 高浓度时影响较大 ,Co2 、Cu2 、Cu 、Ni2 对DLL E4降解对硝基苯酚有较大的影响 相似文献
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以柴油为唯一碳源,在富集、驯化培养基础上,从胜利油田石油污染土壤中筛选出一株柴油降解微生物WS14,通过外观形貌、Biolog鉴定等生理生化分析以及16S rRNA基因序列分析,确定该微生物为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp.)。通过对筛选到柴油降解菌的生长因子研究发现:适合WS14菌株生长的最佳pH值为6.0~8.5,适宜温度为35℃,最佳培养时间为72h,并且柴油含量为11.5%时菌株的生长量最大;实验结果显示,WS14菌株对高盐和高含量柴油具有一定的耐受性,能够在5%含盐量和30%柴油含量的环境生长。 相似文献
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以硝基苯为碳源,采用间歇式曝气方式,经90d驯化培养,从处理硝基苯废水的生物活性污泥中分离得到13株高效降解菌,在厌氧环境条件分离纯化,筛选得到降解能力最强的MY4菌,并研究了其对不同浓度硝基苯的降解特性。结果表明,经16SrRNA鉴定,MY4菌属于兼性葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus sp),其在104~107CFU·mL^-1范围内对硝基苯的去除率没有显著差异,降解率均为65%,硝基苯的降解速率在3~5d期间达到最大。高浓度的硝基苯对微生物的降解过程存在抑制作用,随着浓度的增高,其降解半衰期明显延长。GC-MS分析表明,硝基苯经MY4菌株降解后的主要产物为苯胺。 相似文献
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从长期经有机磷农药污染的土壤中分离到一株能高效降解三唑磷的菌株mp 4,通过生理生化实验和16 S rDNA同源性序列分析将该菌鉴定为苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum sp.)。mp 4菌能以三唑磷为唯一碳源生长,对三唑磷的降解率为98. 3%。在25~37℃、pH值为6.6时生长较好,27~32℃、pH7 5~8 8时有较好的降解性能。在水稻大田试验中,米壳的三唑磷残留去除率为91 9%,糙米的三唑磷残留去除率为100%。 相似文献
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纳米TiO2光催化降解有机磷农药的研究 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
通过实验,探讨了用纳米TiO2光催化处理有机磷农药模拟废水和实际应用的有机磷农药的可行性,实验表明,以测定不同时间PO4^3-的浓度来衡量有机磷的降解率,并以此来衡量有机农药及其中间产物降解的程度是合理的,光催化降解甲胺磷和水胺硫磷的结果,显示了有机磷农药的降解率与其结构有关,实际应用的有机磷农药也可用光催化降解。 相似文献
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Zhang H Yang C Li C Li L Zhao Q Qiao C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(17):7897-7902
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) cause serious environmental problems, and bioremediation using bacterial enzymes may provide an efficient and economical method for their detoxification. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a stable and easily detectable marker in monitoring genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) in the environment. In our research, the methyl parathion hydrolase gene (mpd) and enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (egfp) were successfully coexpressed using pETDuet vector in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The coexpression of methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were confirmed by determining MPH activity and fluorescence intensity. The recombinant protein MPH showed high enzymatic degradative activity of several widely used OP residues on vegetables determined by GC analysis. Subsequently, a dual-species consortium comprising engineered E. coli and a natural p-nitrophenol (PNP) degrader Ochrobactrum sp. strain LL-1 for complete mineralization of dimethyl OPs was studied. It could completely mineralize methyl parathion (MP) via MP through PNP and hydroquinone and eventually through the TCA cycle as determined by HPLC analysis. The accumulation of PNP in suspended culture was prevented. The consortium could be further utilized for complete mineralization of PNP-substituted OPs in a laboratory-scale bioreactor and easily monitored by fluorescence of EGFP for its activity and fate. 相似文献
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Lei Y Mulchandani P Chen W Mulchandani A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(3):524-527
A microbial biosensor for rapid, sensitive, selective, and cost-effective determination of the total content of organophosphorus nerve agents with p-nitrophenyl substituent is reported. The biosensor consisted of genetically engineered PNP-degrader Pseudomonas putida JS444 expressing organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) on its cell surface immobilized on a dissolved oxygen electrode. Surface-expressed OPH catalyzed the hydrolysis of organophosphorus pesticides with p-nitrophenyl substituent such as paraoxon, methyl parathion, and parathion to release p-nitrophenol that was oxidized by the enzymatic machinery of Pseudomonas putida JS444 to carbon dioxide while consuming oxygen. The oxygen consumption was measured and correlated to the concentration of organophosphates. The sensor signal and response time were optimized with 0.086 mg dry weight of cell and operating in 50 mM pH 7.5 citrate-phosphate buffer with 50 microM CoCl(2) at room temperature. When operated at optimized conditions, the biosensor measured as low as 55 ppb of paraoxon, 53 ppb of methyl parathion, and 58 ppb of parathion without interference from most phenolic compounds and other commonly used pesticides, such as atrazine, coumaphos, sutan, sevin, and diazinon. The operational life of the microbial biosensor was approximately 5 days when stored in the operating buffer at 4 degrees C. 相似文献
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从耐药性木霉菌株的诱变选育过程中,得到一株能在含多菌灵2000mgL-1培养基上生长的变异菌株T12。该菌株在以多菌灵为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基中,于25℃、200rmin-1振荡培养5d,对多菌灵的降解率达到73.1%。在pH6.0、温度25℃、5%接种量和加入0.5%酵母粉为最适降解条件下,该菌株对多菌灵的降解率达到92.1%。对原土壤、自然风干土壤和高温烘干土壤中的多菌灵进行室内降解实验,在25℃~28℃,5%接种量,15%含水量的条件下处理10d,对多菌灵的降解率分别达到79.7%、76.5%和70.5%。研究结果为该菌株在土壤生物修复中的应用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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The present study focused on the degradation of mixed pesticides using UV-induced photocatalytic degradation of lindane (1α,2α,3β,4α,5α,6β-hexachlorocyclohexane), methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate), and dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl-O-O-dimethyl phosphate). Different grades of TiO2 were prepared through the acid route (AR), alcohol route (AlR), and surfactant route (SR) and their photocatalytic activity were compared with commercially available Degussa P-25 TiO2. The rate of degradation of pesticides was high for TiO2 prepared through the SR compared to the other three catalysts. The crystalline structure and morphology of SR TiO2 was identified with scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analyzer, UV, and transmission electron microscope analyses and was compared with that of Degussa P-25 TiO2. Degradation studies of individual as well as mixed pesticides were carried out. The intermediate formed during the photodegradation of methyl parathion, lindane, and dichlorvos were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. 相似文献
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木霉对多菌灵的生物降解特性研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
从耐药性木霉菌株的诱变选育过程中,得到一株能在含多菌灵2 000 mg L-1培养基上生长的变异菌株T32。该菌株在以多菌灵为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基中,于25℃、200 rm in-1振荡培养5 d,对多菌灵的降解率达到61.4%。在pH6.0、25℃、5%接种量和加入0.5%酵母粉为最适降解条件下,该菌株对多菌灵、速克灵、扑海因、甲基布托津和三唑酮这5种常用化学农药的降解率分别达到91.4%、92.1%、55.3%、40.1%和86.5%。对原土壤、自然风干土壤和高温烘干土壤中的多菌灵进行室内降解实验,在25~28℃、5%接种量、含水量维持15%的条件下处理10 d,对多菌灵的降解率分别达到78.6%、75.3%和70.5%。 相似文献
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采集除草剂阿特拉津污染的土壤,通过直接涂布法和富集驯化培养分离法,分别获得6株和5株能够降解阿特拉津的细菌。通过降解效率和降解动态试验,筛选到1株高效降解阿特拉津的菌株FM326,该菌株能以阿特拉津为唯一的碳源和氮源生长,培养96h后对1000mg·L-1阿特拉津降解效率达到97%。通过生理生化鉴定和16SrDNA序列分析,菌株FM326鉴定为节杆菌属(Arthrobacter sp.)细菌。该菌株表现出最适生长温度30~35℃,最适生长pH值5~9,好氧生长的生长特性。 相似文献
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Xu ZL Sun WJ Yang JY Jiang YM Campbell K Shen YD Lei HT Zeng DP Wang H Sun YM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(9):2069-2075
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and direct competitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (dcCL-EIA) were combined for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in environmental water samples. dcCL-EIA based on horseradish peroxidase labeled with a broad-specificity monoclonal antibody against OPs was developed, and the effects of several physicochemical parameters on dcCL-EIA performance were studied. SPE was used for the pretreatment of water samples to remove interfering substances and to concentrate the OP analytes. The coupling of SPE and dcCL-EIA can detect seven OPs (parathion, coumaphos, phoxim, quinalphos, triazophos, dichlofenthion, and azinphos-ethyl) with the limit of quantitation below 0.1 ng/mL. The recoveries of OPs from spiked water samples ranged from 62.5% to 131.7% by SPE-dcCL-EIA and 69.5% to 112.3% by SPE-HPLC-MS/MS. The screening of OP residues in real-world environmental water samples by the developed SPE-dcCL-EIA and their confirmatory analysis using SPE-HPLC-MS/MS demonstrated that the assay is ideally suited as a monitoring method for OP residues prior to chromatographic analysis. 相似文献
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降解玉米秸秆真菌复合菌系的构建及其降解效果评价 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
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Summary The persistence of parathion, methyl parathion and fenitrothion in five tropical soils of varying physicochemical characteristics was compared under flooded and non-flooded conditions. The degradation of all the three insecticides was more rapid under flooded conditions than under non-flooded conditions in four out of five soils. Degradation of these insecticides proceeded by hydrolysis under non-flooded conditions and essentially by nitro group reduction and to a minor extent by hydrolysis under flooded conditions. Kinetic analysis indicated that degradation of the three insecticides followed a first-order reaction irrespective of the soil and water regime. The degradation of these organophosphorus insecticides was accelerated after repeated applications to flooded alluvial soil. Nitro group reduction was the major pathway of degradation for all the three insecticides after the first addition while the rate of hydrolysis increased after each successive addition. 相似文献