滑片型孔轮式水稻精量排种器排种性能数值模拟与试验

针对现有水稻旱直播机排种器适应性差和排种精度低的问题,该文设计了一种滑片型孔轮式排种器。引用球度表示水稻种子三轴尺寸,利用EDEM软件对3种球度水稻种子在6种排种轮转速下的排种器排种过程进行仿真试验,得到不同球度水稻种子在不同排种轮转速下的排种性能变化规律,分析了排种轮转速和种子球度对排种性能的影响。仿真结果表明：当排种轮转速在15～40 r/min时,冈优898种子的排种性能优于国丰一号种子和冈优3551种子的排种性能;当排种轮转速在15～30 r/min时,3种球度水稻种子的排种合格率在84.01%～87.91%之间;当排种轮转速大于30 r/min时,随着排种轮转速增加,排种合格率显著下降。在此基础上,选用不同球度的5个水稻品种种子为试验材料,选取排种轮转速和种子球度为试验因素,以排种合格率、漏播率和重播率为评价指标,采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计,进行排种器台架试验。利用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件对试验结果数据进行分析,建立排种性能指标与排种轮转速和种子球度之间的回归方程,得到响应面图,并对仿真结果进行验证。根据回归方程进行优化,得到最佳工作参数：排种轮转速为27.12 r/min、种子球度为44.61%,此时,排种合格率为83.90%、漏播率为5.43%、重播率为10.67%,排种性能最佳;排种器台架试验结果与仿真结果基本相同,排种性能随排种轮转速和种子球度的变化规律一致。田间试验结果表明,排种器对各尺寸等级水稻种子的排种性能皆满足水稻精量穴直播的播种要求。研究结果可为滑片型孔轮式精量排种器的结构优化及排种性能提升提供参考。     

转轴型孔式精量排种器充种性能仿真分析与试验

针对转轴型孔式棉花精量排种器在充种过程中由于型孔未囊取种子而造成漏播的问题,该研究通过建立棉种充填过程的运动学模型对相互抢位的棉种进行力学分析,研究取种轮运动参数与排种器转速对充种性能的影响。应用离散元仿真软件分析落入型孔的棉种速度的变化趋势,并分析取种轮振动频率对种群扰动的影响,以取种轮振动频率、取种轮振动偏移角、排种器转速为试验因素,以排种粒距合格率、重播率、漏播率为试验指标,进行三因素五水平的正交通用旋转组合试验,探究各因素对排种性能的影响,运用Design Expert 8.0.6软件对试验结果进行分析,并对回归模型进行优化验证。仿真分析结果表明,棉种瞬时速度随着排种轮转速的提高而增加,仿真标记的棉种在充入型孔时的瞬时速度小于取种轮速度,而相对取种轮速度较小的棉种具有更好的充种性能;在7 Hz时,种群法向力平均值最小,即种群的内摩擦力最小,棉种易于被型孔囊取;当排种器转速为12.59 r/min,取种轮振动偏移角度为8.06°,振动频率为6.08 Hz时,排种器的排种粒距合格率达到最大值94.5%。在此基础上,以新陆早61号棉花种子为试验对象进行台架验证试验,试验结果表明,当排种器转速为12 r/min时,排种器的排种粒距合格率达到最大值94.65%,漏播指数随着排种器转速的增加呈上升趋势,重播率随着转速的增加呈现下降趋势,与优化结果基本吻合,验证了仿真结果的准确性。该研究可为转轴型孔式棉花精量排种器关键部件结构优化设计提供参考。     

偏心轮型孔轮式排种器排种油菜极限转速试验

为实现通过转速来调节排种器变量排种的要求,并为设计高速、高性能播种机提供理论依据,在排种性能试验台上针对一次播三行的偏心轮型孔轮式排种器进行了油菜排种极限转速试验。试验研究了排种器的排量、排种均匀性、各行排量一致性与排种转速之间的关系及该排种器正常工作的极限转速,建立了该排种器单位时间的排量与转速的数学模型,试验表明：该排种器排种排种油菜时最高转速不超过70 r/min,最低转速不低于30 r/min,在该转速范围内,其排种均匀性为13.09%～30.09%,各行排量一致性为3.28%～4.70%,单位时间的排种量与转速呈线性关系。该结论为设计油菜高速播种机提供了试验基础,同时为进一步研究通过转速调节播种量提供了理论依据。     

薄面光折射式小麦种子流多通道并行检测装置设计与试验

针对小麦高速播种作业过程中高频排种种子流精准检测困难的问题，该研究设计了一套薄面光折射式小麦种子流多通道并行检测装置。基于将高通量变为低通量多通道并行同步检测的思路，设计了种子流分流结构。根据小麦种子物理特性，在已有传感原理的基础上，提出了一种"LED灯珠+窄缝"产生薄面光层，结合凸透镜折射原理扩大有效检测面积的方法，通过光路分析和窄缝尺寸分析确定了凸透镜焦距、薄面LED窄缝尺寸及传感元器件关键参数。利用多通道并行检测传感原理，设计了多路信号同步采集系统。为提升检测准确率，建立检测准确率-排种频率之间的关系，通过分析检测装置的误差规律，构建了准确率补偿模型。台架试验表明：排种器转速在80～180 r/min时，田间正常排种频率范围为52.10～321.55 Hz，检测准确率均高于96.68%。田间播种试验表明：在2～9 km/h的小麦播种机作业速度下，田间排种频率为67.65～323.95 Hz，检测装置检测准确率高于95.28%。检测装置能够检测排种器的排种频率、各通道排种量、排种总量。正常田间小麦播种作业中机械振动、强光照和土壤粉尘对检测装置没有明显影响。该检测装置可为小麦高速播种作业中高频种子流精准检测、漏播检测以及补种提供有效支撑。     

水稻育秧生产线秧盘播种量智能调控装置设计与试验

水稻工厂化育秧过程中,秧盘播种量的精准控制能有效保证育秧质量。为解决水稻工厂化育秧中秧盘播种量调控操作繁琐和效率低等问题,该研究研究设计了一种水稻育秧生产线秧盘播种量智能调控装置,该系统以STM32F429微处理器为控制核心,利用双漫反射光电传感器检测连续输送秧盘的准确到达位置,设计了秧盘质量称量机构,建立了常规稻和杂交稻芽种秧盘播种量与排种轮电机转速（频率）的关系模型,基于统计分析、信息反馈技术与秧盘播种量变化规律模型,实现不同水稻品种秧盘播种量的智能精准调控。试验结果表明,在500盘/h的生产效率下,装置的平均检测精度为94.84%,经调控后的杂交稻秧盘播种量的平均变异系数为2.5%,常规稻秧盘播种量的平均变异系数为4.04%。所设计的水稻育秧生产线智能调控装置具有较高的播种量检测精度,满足当前育秧播种量调控的使用要求,对提高水稻秧盘育秧播种生产线智能化水平、保证秧苗质量具有实际应用价值。     

小麦播种实时监控系统设计与试验

为实现小麦播种作业性能实时监控,设计了一种基于CAN总线的小麦精密播种机播种实时监控系统,阐述了系统总体结构,设计了系统硬件和软件,并进行了田间试验。该系统包括传感器信号采集单元、播种监测模块、CAN 模块和播种监测终端,能够实时监测种管状态、机具前进速度和排种轴转速。采用光电传感器和霍尔传感器分别检测排种管落种状态和地轮转速并输出电压或脉冲信号,播种监测模块根据传感器输出的信号,判断排种管播种状态（正常、堵塞和空管）,计算出地轮转速和排种轴转速,并计算出机具前进速度,以上信息通过CAN总线传输给播种监测终端并实时显示。试验结果表明,该系统故障状态监测准确率为>98%,堵塞响应时间<0.2 s,空管报警响应时间<0.5 s。系统工作稳定可靠,抗尘、抗震能力强,能够有效监测小麦播种作业性能。该研究成果能满足小麦播种性能实时监测要求,有助于提高小麦播种作业质量。     

小麦播种实时监控系统设计与试验（英文）

为实现小麦播种作业性能实时监控,设计了一种基于CAN总线的小麦精密播种机播种实时监控系统,阐述了系统总体结构,设计了系统硬件和软件,并进行了田间试验。该系统包括传感器信号采集单元、播种监测模块、CAN模块和播种监测终端,能够实时监测种管状态、机具前进速度和排种轴转速。采用光电传感器和霍尔传感器分别检测排种管落种状态和地轮转速并输出电压或脉冲信号,播种监测模块根据传感器输出的信号,判断排种管播种状态(正常、堵塞和空管),计算出地轮转速和排种轴转速,并计算出机具前进速度,以上信息通过CAN总线传输给播种监测终端并实时显示。试验结果表明,该系统故障状态监测准确率为98%,堵塞响应时间0.2 s,空管报警响应时间0.5 s。系统工作稳定可靠,抗尘、抗震能力强,能够有效监测小麦播种作业性能。该研究成果能满足小麦播种性能实时监测要求,有助于提高小麦播种作业质量。     

水稻气力式播量可调排种器设计与参数优化

为了满足杂交水稻播种量不同的要求,该文设计了一种水稻播量可调气力式排种器,对其工作原理进行了分析,对关键部件进行了参数设计,该排种器采用多个相互独立的负压流道对吸种精度进行控制。利用ANSYS-FLUENT有限元流体分析软件对负压流道结构的吸孔负压影响规律进行了分析,优选了最佳流道结构。选取超级杂交稻Y-2优900为试验材料,进行了不同播种量下吸室负压、排种盘转速与排种盘吸孔组数对播种精度的影响试验研究,试验结果表明:当吸孔组数为12、吸种负压为1.6k Pa和排种盘转速为20r/min时,1孔播种达到最佳效果,合格率为82.41%;当吸孔组数为12、吸种负压为1.6k Pa和排种盘转速为40r/min时,2孔播种达到最佳效果,合格率为96.36%;当吸孔组数为12、吸种负压为1.6k Pa和排种盘转速为20r/min时,3孔播种达到最佳效果,合格率为92.79%;当吸孔组数为16、吸种负压为1.2k Pa和排种盘转速为20r/min时,4孔播种达到最佳效果,合格率为91.93%;当吸孔组数为12、吸种负压为1.6 kPa和排种盘转速为30 r/min时,5孔播种达到最佳效果,合格率为87.88%。说明水稻气力式播量可调排种器可满足杂交稻在采用直播式时不同播量的要求,相比于原有的排种器更佳适应水稻的多样性。该研究可为水稻机械化穴直播技术提供了参考。     

小区播种机电控系统设计与试验

为了提高小区播种机的工作精度和工作效率,研制了小区播种机电控系统,既可保证育种试验的准确性和科学性,也有利于降低试验成本和提高作物育种试验的效率。针对锥体格盘式排种机构,使用步进电机精确控制格盘排种器的旋转角度,采用直流电机对离心式分配器进行控制。应用双传感器对比检测方法,减少因地轮打滑所引起的排种器播种长度不准确的问题。通过室内台架试验表明,格盘排种器旋转角度控制系统,能确保在不同的转速下排种格盘旋转一周的角度误差均小于0.24%;播种不同种子时最佳分配器转速分别为油菜种子1 560 r/min;白菜种子1 020 r/min;芝麻种子1 560 r/min ;绿豆种子780～1 020r/min,在此分配器转速下工作,行间一致性变异系数最小,行间一致性最好;机具行走速度在2.5 km/h以上时,行内一致性变异系数在15.4％以下。机具行走速度越低,行内一致性变异系数越大。     

基于时间间隔的多路精量排种器性能检测系统设计与试验

为了能够准确检测出多路精量排种器的合格指数、漏播指数、重播指数等排种性能指标值,确保精量排种器的排种质量,利用检测排种时间间隔间接获得排种粒距的原理,设计了一种多路精量排种器性能检测系统。系统采用工业触控平板电脑以及MSP430单片机系统构建上下位机结构模式,下位机采用光纤及光电传感器感应获得精量排种器排种及转速脉冲序列信号,利用单片机系统时间扑捉中断资源实时记录种子间隔时间和排种盘转速,经串口握手传输协议将编码后的信息传输至计算机系统。上位机从排种性能指标的结构分布以及排种频率指标两方面对排种数据进行分析并得到各路的合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数等性能指标。验证试验测试表明,所设计的带有校验检错功能的串口通信交互协议能够实现上下位机数据的准确传输,在15~300 r/min转速范围内,该检测系统能够对多路不同排种性能指标值的转盘进行准确检测;在油菜精量排种器性能检测试验台上利用高速摄影系统对比试验表明系统时间检测最大误差为0.876 ms,最大相对平均误差为0.192 ms,检测指标综合误差为0.87%,最大综合误差为3.98%。该研究为“一器多行”集排器的排种性能检测及优化排种器设计提供了参考。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures: Resolving the “wicked” problem of the Steller sea lion

“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.     

Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage

Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.