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1.
为研究外源铀对土壤微生态的影响,设置不同浓度(0、10、20、50、100、150 mg·kg-1)的铀对土壤进行处理,测定各铀处理组中土壤酶活性和微生物功能多样性。Biolog-ECO微平板技术分析结果表明,随着铀污染浓度升高,微生物活性逐渐降低;各铀处理组土壤微生物群落Shannon、Simpson、McIntosh多样性指数均显著低于对照组。铀处理后,六大类碳源利用能力较对照组显著降低,其中酚酸类碳源平均颜色变化率(AWCD)仅为对照组的19.98%。对照组中,微生物对胺类碳源利用能力最高;10 mg·kg-1铀处理组中,微生物对多聚物类碳源利用能力最高;50、100和150 mg·kg-1铀处理组中,微生物对羧酸类碳源利用能力最高。酶活性分析表明,随着铀污染浓度升高,碱性磷酸酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活性均呈下降趋势,而亚硝酸还原酶活性呈先升高后降低的趋势。纤维素酶活性仅在高浓度铀污染土壤中受到抑制。铀处理第30天,酶活性受到的抑制作用最强。4种酶对铀敏感程度依次为芳基硫酸酯酶>碱性磷酸酶>亚硝酸还原酶>纤维素酶。综上可知,铀污染对土壤微生物群落碳源利用能力有显著的抑制作用,同时芳基硫酸酯酶可有效表征土壤受铀污染程度。本研究结果为评估和修复铀污染生态环境提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

2.
转Bt基因棉叶对土壤微生物多样性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
应用Biolog方法研究了转Bt基因棉粉碎叶腐解对土壤微生物群落结构功能多样性的影响。取腐解10d、25d、40d、55d、70d土样分析土壤微生物群落多样性指数及土壤微生物对聚合物、胺类、氨基酸、糖、羧酸和其他类碳源利用情况。结果表明:在腐解过程中,转Bt基因棉粉碎叶土壤微生物群落丰富度下降,群落多样性显著降低,而群落优势集中性明显提高;转Bt基因棉粉碎叶影响了土壤微生物群落对碳源的利用程度,表现为可显著增加对糖类、胺类和氨基酸类碳源的利用,初期显著降低对羧酸类碳源的利用,对聚合物类和其他类碳源的利用率无显著影响;主成分分析表明转Bt基因棉粉碎叶对土壤微生物群落原有结构功能影响具有持续性。  相似文献   

3.
长期不同土地利用方式下土土壤微生物特性的变化   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
【目的】土壤微生物是土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,研究长期不同土地利用方式对其产生的影响可为该地区选择适宜的土地利用方式,实现培肥土壤和高产高效农业生产提供理论支撑。【方法】以位于陕西杨凌的"国家黄土肥力与肥料效益监测基地"的长期定位试验为基础,利用Biolog分析结合常规分析,研究了4种长期不同土地利用方式[不施肥农田(CK),长期施氮、磷、钾化肥农田(NPK),长期绝对休闲(FL)和撂荒(AL)]对土土壤微生物量、呼吸强度和微生物功能多样性的影响。【结果】AL和NPK处理的土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)和微生物量氮(SMBN)均显著高于CK和FL处理,其中AL和NPK处理之间差异不显著,CK和FL处理之间差异不显著。NPK处理的SMBC/SMBN值最高,而CK和FL处理最低,两组间差异显著,而AL处理居中但与两组之间均差异不显著。不同土地利用方式下土壤基础呼吸强度的变化趋势是ALFLNPKCK,累积呼吸量的变化趋势为ALNPKFLCK,表明AL处理的土壤微生物活性最高,其次是NPK处理,再者是FL处理,而CK处理的土壤微生物活性最低。Biolog分析的结果显示,AL、NPK和CK处理的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)在开始的24 h变化不大,此后随培养时间的延长而快速升高;而FL处理在72 h之后才快速升高。培养结束时,NPK和AL处理的AWCD最大,其次是CK处理,FL处理最低。NPK和AL处理的Shannon-Wiener物种丰富度指数H、碳源利用丰富度指数S和Simpson指数D均最高,CK其次,FL最低。各处理的Shannon-Wiener均匀度指数E没有明显差异。相比CK、NPK和AL处理能提高土土壤微生物群落的功能多样性,FL处理则会降低土土壤微生物群落的功能多样性。主成分分析共提取了5个主成分,累计贡献率达87.7%,其中第1主成分(PC1)的方差贡献率为52.0%,第2主成分(PC2)为11.6%。NPK处理和AL处理的碳源利用特征相类似,与CK和FL处理存在显著差异,表明不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物群落的结构和功能出现了显著分异。糖类、羧酸类和氨基酸类等三类碳源是区分各处理的主要碳源。【结论】撂荒和合理施肥的农田均可以提高土壤微生物量、土壤呼吸作用和土壤微生物群落结构和功能的多样性,长期的绝对休闲则不利于土壤微生物功能多样性的维持。合理施肥的农田并不会造成土壤微生物量的下降以及土壤微生物结构和功能多样性的退化,相反,合理施肥对于维持农田土壤微生物量以及微生物结构和功能多样性具有显著的积极作用。  相似文献   

4.
微生物群落碳代谢功能多样性对土壤管理具有重要指示作用,以福建省宁化县紫色土水土侵蚀区油茶人工林不同坡位土壤为研究对象,采用Biolog技术对天然有机物料有机肥(T1)、有机无机复合肥(T2)、禽畜粪便有机(T3)共3种有机肥处理以及不施肥处理(CK)下的土壤微生物碳源利用能力进行了研究。研究结果显示:T1、T2、T3处理下不同坡位土壤的吸光值平均颜色变化率(AWCD)相比于施肥前都有所增加,而CK处理土壤AWCD值无显著变化,不同处理下土壤AWCD值提高的大小顺序表现为T2T1T3CK;Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数以及McIntosh优势度指数大小顺序均表现为T2T1T3CK;相同处理下不同坡位土壤AWCD值、Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数以及McIntosh均匀度指数大小顺序总体呈现下坡中坡上坡;Shannon指数与土壤容重和自然含水率呈极显著或显著负相关,与pH值、全碳和全氮含量呈极显著或显著正相关;McIntosh指数与土壤容重、自然含水率、pH值、全碳和全氮含量呈极显著或显著正相关;氨基酸类是各处理后土壤微生物利用的主要碳源类型,主成分分析表明T1、T2、T3处理下土壤微生物对6类碳源利用能力相比于对照具有较大差异,T1和T3处理对于6类碳源的利用具有相似性,T2处理与T3处理之间对于6类碳源利用差异主要在于碳水化合物类碳源。综上,有机无机复合肥的施入更有利于紫色土丘陵区油茶人工林土壤微生物碳源利用能力的提高,以上结论可为制定紫色土丘陵区合理施肥制度的设置、农业优化管理措施提供依据。  相似文献   

5.
为探究不同施用量的生物炭对中国东北酸化白浆土土壤微生物群落碳代谢特征的影响,设置了不施用生物炭的对照(C0t)和生物炭用量分别为15 t·hm~(-2)(C1t)、30 t·hm~(-2)(C2t)与60 t·hm~(-2)(C3t)的处理,运用Biolog-Eco微孔板技术分析土壤微生物群落的功能多样性。结果表明:与C0t处理相比,增施生物炭处理土壤微生物平均每孔颜色变化率(AWCD)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、丰富度指数和Simpson指数均显著增加。随着生物炭施用量的增加,碳源利用由多聚物类向氨基酸类和羧酸类碳源转变。D-木糖、D-半乳糖醛酸、N-乙酰基-D-葡萄胺、L-天冬酰胺酸、L-苏氨酸、吐温-40、吐温80、肝糖和腐胺的利用能力显著高于C0t处理。主成分分析结果表明,碳水化合物类和胺类是不同处理下微生物利用的主要碳源。综合考虑,认为30 t·hm~(-2)生物炭施用量对玉米连作土壤微生态环境的影响最优。  相似文献   

6.
外来植物入侵对土壤生物多样性的影响已成为生态学领域的研究热点之一。运用Biolog技术和氯仿熏蒸浸提法研究了黄顶菊入侵对土壤微生物群落功能多样性及土壤微生物量的影响。结果表明,黄顶菊入侵后土壤微生物代谢活性显著升高;土壤微生物群落平均吸光值(AWCD)的变化趋势为:入侵地根际土(RPS)入侵地根围土(BS)未入侵地(CK),且差异显著;而CK的功能多样性指数(H)高于BS,RPS亦高于BS,差异均显著(P0.05)。主成分分析结果表明,黄顶菊入侵使土壤微生物群落的碳源利用方式和代谢功能发生改变。对不同碳源利用的分析结果表明,糖类、氨基酸类、羧酸类和聚合物为土壤微生物利用的主要碳源。入侵样地BS和RPS的微生物量碳分别比CK高27.05%、121.52%;BS和RPS的微生物量氮分别比CK高37.40%、79.80%。相关性分析表明,AWCD与微生物量碳和微生物量氮均呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。由此可知,黄顶菊入侵增强了入侵地土壤微生物代谢活性,降低了土壤微生物群落的功能多样性,增加了土壤微生物量碳、氮水平。  相似文献   

7.
连作对黑龙江烤烟土壤微生物功能多样性的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
利用BiologTM微平板检测技术研究了烤烟连作对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响。结果表明,烤烟连作7年土壤微生物群落平均颜色变化率(AWCD)显著低于轮作各处理;土壤微生物功能多样性丰富度指数、Shannon多样性指数和Simpson指数连作处理均低于轮作处理,且差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);连作7年处理土壤微生物功能多样性明显低于连作2年处理。在土壤微生物碳源利用上,烤烟连作2年和7年处理土壤微生物对聚类化合物、碳水化合物、羧酸类、氨基酸类和其他化合物的利用显著低于正茬轮作处理,表明烤烟连作降低了土壤微生物的种群多样性和功能多样性,而且连作年限增加不利于土壤微生物的多样性。  相似文献   

8.
模拟氮沉降对滨海湿地土壤微生物功能多样性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
吴松芹  汪成忠  李梦莎 《土壤》2017,49(6):1153-1158
为全面了解大气氮沉降条件下滨海湿地土壤微生物碳源利用特点,本研究在江苏盐城滨海湿地建立模拟氮沉降实验平台,设置N1(N,0 g/(hm~2·a),对照)、N2(N,3 g/(hm~2·a),低氮)和N3(N,6 g/(hm~2·a),高氮)3个处理,采用Biolog微平板法,分析了土壤微生物功能多样性在不同氮处理下的变化规律和特点。结果表明:不同氮沉降处理间土壤微生物功能多样性差异显著,AWCD值随培养时间延长而增加;Shannon和Mc Intosh多样性指数也随施氮增加呈现升高的趋势,且不同处理间多样性指数差异显著;物种多样性和功能多样性表现出相同的变化规律。土壤微生物对6大类碳源利用强度存在差异,各处理间土壤微生物对碳水化合物类碳源利用率最高,为优势碳源;主成分分析结果显示,不同处理间土壤微生物在碳源利用上有明显的空间分异,土壤微生物功能多样性的差异主要体现在对羧酸类、酚酸类和胺类碳源的利用上,其中胺类尤为突出;此外,对不同施氮处理土壤微生物群落功能多样性与土壤理化因子进行相关分析,结果显示全氮、铵态氮、全磷会对滨海湿地土壤微生物组成和功能活性产生重要影响。  相似文献   

9.
在温室盆栽条件下,采用Biolog微平板法和氯仿熏蒸浸提法,研究了玉米施用等养分量的无机肥、有机无机复混肥和生物复混肥后土壤微生物群落功能多样性及土壤微生物量的变化。结果表明:生物复混肥处理的土壤微生物平均颜色变化率(AWCD)、微生物群落Shannon指数(H)和微生物群落丰富度指数(S)均最高;施用生物复混肥可明显提高土壤微生物对碳源的利用率,尤其是多酚化合物类和糖类;不同处理土壤微生物碳源利用特征有一定差异,生物复混肥在第1主成分上的得分值为正值,其他各处理在第1主成分上的得分值基本上为负值,起分异作用的主要碳源是糖类和羧酸类。在玉米生长期间各处理土壤微生物量大致呈先升高后逐渐平稳的趋势,且土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷的含量均以生物复混肥处理最高,最高值分别为333.21mg.kg 1、53.02 mg.kg 1和22.20 mg.kg 1。研究表明,生物复混肥的施用比等养分量的有机无机复混肥处理能显著提高土壤微生物群落碳源利用率、微生物群落丰富度和功能多样性,显著增加土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷的含量,有利于维持良好的土壤微生态环境。  相似文献   

10.
在温室盆栽条件下,采用Biolog微平板技术,研究了玉米施用等养分量的无机肥、有机无机复混肥、生物复混肥后土壤微生物群落功能多样性及土壤酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,生物复混肥处理的微生物群落平均颜色变化率(AWCD)、微生物群落Shannon指数(H)、丰富度指数(S)和Shannon均匀度指数(E)均为最高;微生物群落主成分分析表明,不同施肥处理土壤微生物群落碳源利用特征有一定差异,PC1将生物复混肥与其他处理明显区分,生物复混肥处理分布在PC1的正方向,其他处理分布在PC1的负方向;起分异作用的主要碳源有糖类、羧酸类和氨基酸类;土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性均以生物复混肥处理最高,分别为72.74 mg glucose·g-1·(24 h)-1和1.15 mg NH3-N·g-1·(3 h)-1。研究表明,生物复混肥的施用比等养分量的有机无机复混肥处理能显著提高土壤微生物群落碳源利用率、微生物群落的丰富度和功能多样性,增强土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

Iron oxide is the most important electron acceptor in paddy fields. We aimed to suppress the methane emission from paddy fields over the long term by single application of iron materials. A revolving furnace slag (RFS; 245 g Fe kg-1) and a spent disposable portable body warmer (PBW; 550 g Fe kg-1) were used as iron materials. Samples of a soil with a low iron level (18.5 g Fe kg-1), hearafter referred to as “a low-iron soil” and of a soil with a high iron level (28.5 g Fe kg-1), hearafter referred to as “an iron-rich soil,” were put into 3 L pots. At the beginning of the experiment, RFS was applied to the pots at the rate of 20 and 40 t ha-1, while PBW was applied at the rate of 10 t ha-1 only, and in the control both were not applied. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from the potted soils with rice plants were measured by the closed chamber method in 2001 and 2002. When RFS was applied at the rates of 20 and 40 t ha-1 to the low-iron soil, the total methane emission during the cultivation period significantly decreased by 25–50% without a loss of grain yield. Applied iron materials clearly acted as electron acceptors, based on the increase in the amount of ferrous iron in soil. However, the suppressive effect was not evident in the iron-rich soil treated with RFS or PBW. On the other hand, nitrous oxide emission increased by 30–95%. As a whole, when the total methane and nitrous oxide emissions in the low-iron soil were converted to total greenhouse gas emissions expressed as CO2- C equivalents in line with the global warming potential, the total greenhouse gas emissions decreased by about 50% due to the application of RFS.  相似文献   

12.
Our aim was to determine whether the smaller biomasses generally found in low pH compared to high pH arable soils under similar management are due principally to the decreased inputs of substrate or whether some factor(s) associated with pH are also important. This was tested in a soil incubation experiment using wheat straw as substrate and soils of different pHs (8.09, 6.61, 4.65 and 4.17). Microbial biomass ninhydrin-N, and microbial community structure evaluated by phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), were measured at 0 (control soil only), 5, 25 and 50 days and CO2 evolution up to 100 days. Straw addition increased biomass ninhydrin-N, CO2 evolution and total PLFA concentrations at all soil pH values. The positive effect of straw addition on biomass ninhydrin-N was less in soils of pH 4.17 and 4.65. Similarly total PLFA concentrations were smallest at the lowest pH. This indicated that there is a direct pH effect as well as effects related to different substrate availabilities on microbial biomass and community structure. In the control soils, the fatty acids 16:1ω5, 16:1ω7c, 18:1ω7c&9t and i17:0 had significant and positive linear relationships with soil pH. In contrast, the fatty acids i15:0, a15:0, i16:0 and br17:0, 16:02OH, 18:2ω6,9, 17:0, 19:0, 17:0c9,10 and 19:0c9,10 were greatest in control soils at the lowest pHs. In soils given straw, the fatty acids 16:1ω5, 16:1ω7c, 15:0 and 18:0 had significant and positive linear relationships with pH, but the concentration of the monounsaturated 18:1ω9 PLFA decreased at the highest pHs. The PLFA profiles indicative of Gram-positive bacteria were more abundant than Gram-negative ones at the lowest pH in control soils, but in soils given straw these trends were reversed. In contrast, straw addition changed the microbial community structures least at pH 6.61. The ratio: [fungal PLFA 18:2w6,9]/[total PLFAs indicative of bacteria] indicated that fungal PLFAs were more dominant in the microbial communities of the lowest pH soil. In summary, this work shows that soil pH has marked effects on microbial biomass, community structure, and response to substrate addition.  相似文献   

13.
通过大田试验,研究了N100(尿素提供100%的氮)、M10N90(味精废液和尿素分别提供10%和90%的氮)、M30N70(味精废液和尿素分别提供30%和70%的氮)和M50N50(味精废液和尿素各提供50%的氮)等处理对西瓜根际土壤微生物量碳(MBC)和微生物量氮(MBN)含量的影响。结果表明,施用味精废液使土壤生物过程活跃,有利于土壤有机物质的转化和西瓜正常生长所需的营养供应。在西瓜不同生育期,根际土壤MBC和MBN含量动态变化规律不同。与M30N70处理相比,M10N90和M50N50处理对西瓜根际土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响较小。分析可知,味精废液与化肥以3∶7比例配施对西瓜根际土壤微生态环境的作用效果最佳,更有利于平衡西瓜氮素营养。  相似文献   

14.
The rhizosphere reflects a sphere of high substrate input by means of rhizodeposits. Active microorganisms and extracellular enzymes are known to be responsible for substrate utilization in soil, especially in rooted soil. We tested for microbial‐ and enzyme activities in arable soil, in order to investigate the effects of continuous input of easily available organics (e.g., root‐exudates) to the microbial community. In a field experiment with maize, rooted and root‐free soil were analyzed and rhizosphere processes were linked to microbial activity indicators such as specific microbial growth rates and kinetics of six hydrolytic extracellular enzymes: β‐glucosidase, β‐cellobiohydrolase, β‐xylosidase, acid phosphatase, leucine‐ and tyrosine‐aminopeptidase. Higher potential activities of leucine‐aminopeptidase (2‐fold) for rooted vs. root‐free soil suggested increased costs of enzyme production, which retarded the specific microbial growth rates. Total microbial biomass determined by the substrate‐induced respiration technique and dsDNA extraction method was 23% and 42% higher in the rooted surface‐layer (0–10 cm) compared to the root‐free soil, respectively. For the rooted soil, potential enzyme activities of β‐glucosidase were reduced by 23% and acid phosphatase by 25%, and increased by 300% for β‐cellobiohydrolase at 10–20 cm depth compared to the surface‐layer. The actively growing microbial biomass increased by the 17‐fold in rooted soil in the 10–20 cm layer compared to the upper 10 cm. Despite the specific microbial growth rates showing no changes in the presence of roots, these rates decreased by 42% at 10–20 cm depth compared to the surface‐layer. This suggests the dominance in abundances of highly active but slower growing microbes with depth, reflecting also their slower turnover. Shifts in microbial growth strategy, upregulation of enzyme production and increased microbial respiration indicate strong root effects in maize planted soil.  相似文献   

15.
Scale-dependent spatial variability of microbiological characteristics in soil of a beech forest The spatial variability of the microbial biomass content (Cmic), the microbial respiration rate (basal respiration) and the metabolic quotient (qCO2) was analyzed in sandy Cambisols and Luvisols in a beech forest in Northern Germany. Highest variability of microbiological features and, thus, the distance of independent samples was around 10 m that is discussed with reference to spatial hierarchy. Structural changes between the 10 m and 50 m grid were suggested for the Ah horizon due to the break of correlations of Cmic content and the contents of Corg and plant-available Ca, Mg, K and Nt. The Cmic content correlated with the Corg content close to tree trunks and ecotones like borders of the forest and clearings. The qCO2 did not generally increase with declining pH value. High H+ concentrations and Corg content in the litter layer near to the tree trunk indicated retarded microbial mineralization rates. High proportion of microorganisms that are resistant to low pH value and adjusted ro readily-degradable substrates seems to dominate in the soil close to the tree.  相似文献   

16.
Soil drying and wetting impose significant influences on soil nitrogen (N) dynamics and microbial communities. However, effects of drying-wetting cycles, while common in vegetable soils, especially under greenhouse conditions, have not been well studied. In this study, two greenhouse vegetable soils, which were collected from Xinji (XJ) and Hangzhou (HZ), China, were maintained at 30% and 75% water-holding capacity (WHC), or five cycles of 75% WHC followed by a 7-day dry-down to 30% WHC (DW). Soil inorganic N content increased during incubation. Net N mineralization (Nmin), microbial activity, and microbial biomass were significantly higher in the DW treatment than in the 30% and 75% WHC treatments. The higher water content (75% WHC) treatment had higher Nmin, microbial activity, and microbial biomass than the lower water content treatment (30% WHC). Multivariate analyses of community-level physiological profile (CLPP) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) data indicated that soil moisture regime had a significant effect on soil microbial community substrate utilization pattern and microbial community composition. The significant positive correlation between Nmin and microbial substrate utilization or PLFAs suggested that soil N mineralization had a close relationship with microbial community.  相似文献   

17.
在四川丘陵区紫色土上进行田间试验,以无物料还田为对照,对比分析了蚕豆秸秆、油菜秸秆、猪粪3种物料还田对夏玉米吐丝期和收获期0—20,20—40cm土层土壤有机碳、全氮、微生物量碳氮含量及微生物熵的影响,以期为农业废弃有机物料的综合利用及四川丘陵区土壤质量的提升提供理论参考。结果表明:(1)尽管有机物料还田于0—20cm土层中,0—20,20—40cm土层土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、微生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物量氮(SMBN)含量均受到有机物料的深刻影响。各处理0—20cm土层SOC、TN、SMBC、SMBN含量均显著高于20—40cm土层,且上下2层土壤SOC、TN、SMBC和SMBN含量在生育时期间均表现为吐丝期>收获期。(2)在2个生育时期,3种物料还田均能提高0—20,20—40cm土层SOC、TN、SMBC、SMBN含量。与对照相比,物料还田处理的SOC、TN、SMBC、SMBN含量分别提高2.6%~141.2%,1.9%~33.0%,5.1%~114.7%,41.5%~98.7%,其中收获期各处理0—20,20—40cm土层SOC、SMBC、SMBN均表现为油菜秸秆>蚕豆秸秆>猪粪>对照,TN表现为蚕豆秸秆>猪粪>油菜秸秆>对照。(3)各处理SMBC/SMBN、qMB、SMBN/TN分别为3.74~10.53,0.86%~2.19%,1.01%~3.41%,且物料还田降低SMBC/SMBN,提高土壤qMB和SMBN/TN值。相关分析表明,SMBC、SMBN与SOC、TN之间均存在极显著正相关关系。因此,农业生产中可通过物料还田提供给微生物足够的碳氮营养,提高土壤SMBC、SMBN、SOC、TN含量和qMB值,维持较高的农田生产力,提升土壤质量,但具体施用物料时还需寻求土壤肥力提升、玉米产量增加以及环境效益之间的平衡。  相似文献   

18.
Biochars are known for their heterogeneity, especially in pore and surface structure associated with pyrolysis processes and sources of feedstocks. The surface area of biochar is likely to be an important determinant of the extent of soil microbial attachment, whereas the porous structure of biochar is expected to provide protection for soil microorganisms. Potential interactions between biochars from different sources and with different particle sizes were investigated in relation to soil microbial properties in a short-term incubation study. Three particle size(sieved) fractions(0.5–1.0, 1.0–2.0 and 2.0–4.0 mm) from three woody biochars produced from jarrah wood,jarrah and wandoo wood and Australian wattle branches, respectively, were incubated in soil at 25?C for 56 d. Observation by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and characterisation of pore and surface area showed that all three woody biochars provided potential habitats for soil microorganisms due to their high porosity and surface areas. The biochars were structurally heterogeneous,varying in porosity and surface structure both within and between the biochar sources. After the 56-d incubation, hyphal colonisation was observed on biochar surfaces and in larger biochar pores. Soil clumping occurred on biochar particles, cementing and covering exposed biochar pores. This may have altered surface area and pore availability for microbial colonisation. Transient changes in soil microbial biomass, without a consistent trend, were observed among biochars during the 56-d incubation.  相似文献   

19.
为了验证平衡施肥对长期缺施钾肥的南方红壤性水稻土的修复效果,通过2年盆栽试验,以五种不同施肥处理(NPK、NPKSi、NPKOM、NPhK、NPhKOM),研究了长期缺施钾肥的水稻土的微生物特性,结果发现,在对照(NPK)基础上增施硅肥(NPKSi)、钾肥(NPhK)能促进细菌和放线菌数量的增长,提高微生物活度,加速微生物量N、P的转化,同时也能提高微生物量C。相反,在淹水条件下配施有机肥(NPKOM),由于降低了水稻根际环境的氧化还原电位,使根际微生物生长萎缩,微生物活度、微生物量C无显著提高;虽然土壤微生物量N、P随之增加,但有机N的矿化减弱,植株可吸收的有效态养分减少。增施钾肥的同时配施有机肥(NPhKOM)具有增施钾肥的优点,即可提高微生物活度、提高微生物量C,加速有机N、P的矿化,但同时也会减少微生物数量。因此在缺钾水稻土的修复实践中,常规施肥的基础上对水稻增施硅肥、钾肥应是有效举措,而配施有机肥则须谨慎:有机肥或须适量酌施,或须结合增施钾(硅)肥。  相似文献   

20.
冀北辽河源油松天然林土壤微生物碳代谢特征研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
立天宇  康峰峰  韩海荣  高晶  宋小帅 《土壤》2015,47(3):550-557
本文以冀北辽河源地区不同林龄油松天然林为研究对象,研究其土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物呼吸及微生物代谢熵随油松林龄的变化趋势。结果表明:随着油松天然林林龄的增加,土壤微生物生物量碳逐渐增加;而土壤微生物呼吸则呈现出先减小后增加的趋势;微生物代谢熵表现为随油松林林龄的增加而降低。相关性分析表明,土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物呼吸分别与微生物代谢熵之间呈现高度的极显著线性负相关。微生物生物量碳与微生物呼吸呈极显著正相关,但线性相关程度较弱。土壤微生物生物量碳和微生物呼吸与土壤温度和含水量均呈极显著正相关,而土壤微生物代谢熵则与土壤温度、土壤含水量呈极显著负相关。上述结果表明,在冀北辽河源地区,土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物呼吸、微生物代谢熵与油松天然林林龄密切相关。随着油松天然林林龄的增加,其土壤微生物活性增强,碳代谢效率增加,土壤质量及可持续利用潜力更高,土壤生态体系更加成熟。  相似文献   

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