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1.
中国南瓜对嫁接黄瓜产量与风味影响的综合评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
苗丽  段颖  王长林  高媛  于贤昌 《核农学报》2019,33(10):1949-1958
为探讨中国南瓜砧木种质资源的多样性,筛选同时具有较高产量和较优风味品质嫁接黄瓜的中国南瓜砧用种质,本研究以国内外102份中国南瓜高代自交系种质为砧木,以黄瓜品种新泰密刺为接穗进行嫁接,利用主成分分析、隶属函数分析和聚类分析对嫁接黄瓜形态学和农艺性状等13项指标进行综合评价。结果表明,与对照新泰密刺相比,102份嫁接组合的各项指标存在广泛变异,主成分分析显示前5个主成分累计贡献率达到86.226%,其中植株产量因子、雌花因子、果实风味因子是构成嫁接组合性状差异的主要因子。系统聚类分析将102个嫁接组合划分为4个类群,隶属函数分析表明柿饼南瓜5Bb636-3(N67)和三禾13-s08z13-3(N91)等7份砧木的嫁接组合产量和口感等各项指标表现突出,可作为南瓜砧木品种选育的优异亲本材料。本研究进一步丰富了中国南瓜砧木的评价体系,为选育嫁接黄瓜性状良好的中国南瓜砧木品种提供了重要依据。  相似文献   

2.
为了解藜麦种质资源在甘肃省陇中旱作区农艺性状和产量的关系,更高效的选育藜麦新品种,以38份藜麦种质资源为材料,采用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析方法对影响产量的主要农艺性状进行了分析。结果表明,藜麦产量与各个农艺性状的相关程度从高到低依次为冠幅、全生育期、籽粒直径、千粒重、株高,全生育期与其余农艺性状均存在极显著相关性。冠幅、全生育期、籽粒直径、千粒重、株高等5个农艺性状可以归为3个主成分因子,其累积贡献率为76.657%,同时在类间距离为17.5处,将所有种质资源可分为三大类群。  相似文献   

3.
空间诱变选育特小型黄瓜新种质   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用卫星搭载黄瓜自交系材料,通过地面种植、观察、分离、纯化,获得特小型黄瓜自交系CHA03-10-2-2。该自交系瓜长8cm左右,雌花节率达99.5%,表现稳定,可直接用于培育特小型黄瓜新品种。  相似文献   

4.
为了解甘肃天水地区育成冬小麦品种的遗传多样性,提高种质资源的利用效率,以22份冬小麦品种为试验材料,研究了其主要农艺性状与品质性状的变异情况、遗传多样性指数,并进行了主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明,农艺性状中,穗粒数的变异系数最大(11.5%),千粒重的遗传多样性指数最高(1.75);品质性状中,沉降值的变异系数最大(31.3%),容重的遗传多样性指数最高(1.87)。说明供试材料的遗传多样性较丰富。8个性状的主成分分析结果表明,前4个主成分的累计贡献率为82.636%,用类平均法(UPGMA)将22个品种聚为5类,其中第Ⅰ类群可作为提高品质的材料供育种选择,第Ⅴ类群可作为增产材料供育种选择。  相似文献   

5.
九杂翠玉是以综合性状好,抗病性中等,抗逆性和适应性较强的优质早熟强雌系10-c1-1为母本,以中熟品种,生长势中等,分枝力强,商品性好,果肉厚,适应性广的10-44为父本,配制而成的苦瓜一代杂交种。2017年9月7日通过重庆市农作物品种鉴定,定名为九杂翠玉(渝品审鉴2017013)。该品种植株长势旺,分枝能力强,主、侧蔓均可结瓜,综合性状好。主蔓第一朵雌花着生于9~14节,雌花株率占93.4%。果实长圆筒形,果面肉突起、果色绿白色,果长36.45 cm,果粗10.45 cm,果肉厚1.08cm,平均单果质量1 034.53 g。肉质脆嫩,清凉微苦。抗病性中等,抗逆性和适应性较强。熟性配套(早熟,长采收期),高产,商品性好。  相似文献   

6.
为构建黄瓜突变体库,利用不同浓度的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)溶液在不同处理时间下诱变华南型黄瓜高代自交系6457,并对诱变前后黄瓜表型变异特征进行分析。结果表明,根据诱变后的种子发芽率、成苗率,筛选出1.5%EMS处理10 h为最佳诱变条件。采用最佳诱变条件处理2 500粒黄瓜种子,构建了包含221个M2株系的黄瓜突变体库。在M1群体中出现叶片皱缩、叶色嵌合、植株多卷须、矮化、黄化、白化、畸形、果实嵌合体等变异性状,表型突变频率达18.9%;在M2群体中筛选到长瓜、短瓜、心形叶、花萼叶片化、矮化植株等典型的突变体,表型突变频率达11.7%。本研究结果丰富了黄瓜种质资源,为黄瓜功能基因组学研究和新品种选育提供了一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
2012 — 2014年第四轮国家青稞品种区试合作点试验结果表明,在9个参试品种(系)中,甘9828综合农艺性状表现优良,折合产量4 700 kg/hm2,居第1位;甘9619综合农艺性状表现较好,折合产量为4 600 kg/hm2,居第2位,以上2个品种(系)可在甘南州青稞种植区推广种植。09YN-04折合产量为4 300 kg/hm2,居第3位,可作为搭配品种在甘南州青稞种植区种植。其余品种(系)作为种质资源保存。  相似文献   

8.
<正>蜜宝/Pumpkin F1最新选育一代杂交种。生长势强早中熟。蔓生,主蓃第13-15节着生第一雌花。瓜棒锤形.瓜面微棱.瓜挤小.脐端膨大.果颈稍细。嫩瓜绿色有光泽.老瓜橙黄色.肉质致密,特甜.品质极佳.耐贮运。单瓜重2-3kg.-般亩产2500kg。  相似文献   

9.
辣椒种质表型性状与SSR分子标记的遗传多样性分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为改良辣椒品种和挖掘新品种选育的特异种质材料,以52份纯化的辣椒种质为供试材料,对18个表型性状进行变异性、多样性和主成分分析,分别基于表型性状及SSR分子标记对供试材料进行聚类分析,并对2种聚类结果进行相关性分析。结果表明,18个性状在不同种质材料之间存在显著差异,平均变异系数为34.57%,平均香农多样性指数为2.47;被提取的前7个成分占表达信息量的78.153%,其中第1主成分占表达信息量的20.991%,且第1主成分在果实直径、果肉厚度、单果重、果形指数、叶片宽度和叶片长度等性状上呈现较高的载荷量;表型性状分析将52份材料分成四类,SSR标记分析将52份材料也分成四类,但2种分类方法的结果之间不存在相关性(r=-0.027,P=0.6050.05),即2种方法得出的结果吻合性不高。本研究结果为辣椒种质资源创新和新品种选育提供了一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

10.
为有效保护和高效利用玉米种质资源,通过对25份玉米种质资源的生育期、经济性状、农艺性状的观测鉴定,筛选出综合性状表现好的8份玉米种质资源。其中,B1B1、P74生育期较早,脱水快,可以做中早熟品种选育的基础材料;1CPS、P32、18♀、7♀的生育期为中晚熟,植株株型好,果穗性状优良,适宜做中晚熟玉米品种选育的基础材料; TS-1、TS-3的生育期偏晚,叶片数多、叶片宽大,鲜果穗重,适合做饲用玉米品种选育的基础材料。  相似文献   

11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
【目的】以富士(Fuji)、 秦冠(Qinguan)嫁接在平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水(ZZ)、 低氮正常水(DZ)、 正常氮干旱(ZG)、 低氮干旱(DG)。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮(6 mmol/L NO-3-N)、 低氮(0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N)、 正常供水(保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%)、 干旱处理(保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%)。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量(茎和叶)、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水(ZZ)>低氮正常水(DZ)>正常氮干旱(ZG)>低氮干旱(DG),并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水(ZZ)>低氮正常水(DZ)>正常氮干旱(ZG)>低氮干旱(DG); 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶>根>茎,磷元素则是根>叶>茎;光合氮素利用效率(PNUE)和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水(DZ)处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱(DG)处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

12.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.  相似文献   

13.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

14.
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.  相似文献   

15.
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.  相似文献   

16.
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.  相似文献   

17.
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.  相似文献   

19.
李聃枫  朱春梧 《土壤》2020,52(3):561-566
自20世纪60年代"绿色革命"以来,育种技术和农耕技术的发展促进了农作物产量的大幅提升,然而作物的营养品质出现下降趋势。在相似的遗传背景下,大气CO_2浓度升高会使单位体积农作物产品的营养元素含量下降,因此"绿色革命"至今,农作物产品的营养元素下降可能受大气CO_2浓度升高影响。通过植物生长箱模拟"绿色革命"初期和目前的大气CO_2浓度水平(310μmol/mol和400μmol/mol),针对主要C_3作物水稻、小麦和大豆,研究"绿色革命"以来大气CO_2浓度升高对其籽粒的C、N、Fe、Zn元素含量的影响,结果表明:CO_2浓度升高对3种作物籽粒的C元素含量几乎没有影响,变化幅度在±1.5%之间;籽粒的N、Fe、Zn元素含量普遍呈现下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平。  相似文献   

20.
Discovery and incorporation of genes from wild species provide means to sustain crop improvement, particularly when levels of resistance in the cultigens are low and virulent strains of pests and pathogens overcome the host plant resistance. The extent of utilization and the potential of the wild genepool for genetic enhancement were reviewed in five important food crops viz. sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut grown in the semi-arid tropics. Introgression from compatible wild germplasm in the primary gene pool resulted in transfer of new cytoplasmic male sterility systems in pearl millet and pigeonpea, development of high protein, cleistogamous flower and dwarf pigeonpea lines and foliar disease resistant groundnut cultivars. Utilization of wild species in secondary and tertiary gene pools has been generally limited due to sterility, restricted recombination or cross incompatibility. Nevertheless, these species are extremely important as they contain high levels of resistance to several important biotic and abiotic stresses. Several of them, like those belonging to the Parasorghum section and the rhizomatous Arachis species are sources of multiple resistances and hold great promise to sustain crop productivity.  相似文献   

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