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植物修复作为一种生态友好型原位绿色修复技术成为重金属污染土壤修复研究的热点。然而,目前最具有推广价值的超积累植物因生物量低、生长缓慢、对重金属的积累具有专一性等缺点,大大限制了植物修复技术在重金属污染尤其是复合重金属污染土壤治理方面的推广应用。利用生长速度快、生物量大的普通植物借助其它技术辅助的联合植物修复便成了有效可行的替代途径和研究焦点。近年来,金属螯合剂诱导的化学一植物联合修复技术备受关注。本文综述了螯合剂诱导植物修复技术的研究进展、修复机理和目前存在的问题,并对该项技术的未来研究方向给予了展望。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌在植物修复砷污染土壤中的作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
丛枝菌根真菌能增强植物对矿质元素的吸收、提高植物的抗逆性、增强抗病性、改善植物根际微环境,减轻重金属对植物的毒害,影响植物对重金属的吸收和转运,在重金属污染土壤的植物修复中显示出极大的应用潜力。近年来,As污染已成为全球非常突出且急需解决的环境问题之一,对As污染土壤的生物修复也因而成为研究热点。本文主要从丛枝菌根真菌改变土壤pH和酶活性、增强植物对As的耐性和影响植物对As的吸收方面综述了丛枝菌根在As污染土壤修复中应用的研究进展,揭示出菌根应用在As污染土壤中的作用潜力和研究方向。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌在植物修复重金属污染土壤中的作用 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
菌根是真菌与植物根系所建立的互惠共生体,其中以丛枝菌根(AM)真菌在自然界中分布最广。在重金属污染条件下,AM真菌可以减轻重金属对植物的毒害,影响植物对重金属的吸收和转运,在重金属污染土壤的植物修复中显示出极大的应用潜力。文章通过讨论菌根植物对重金属修复的作用机制,提出菌根技术在重金属植物修复中应在通过广泛调查、筛选超积累植物的基础上,不断探索植物-菌根体系修复问题,以促进重金属污染土壤的生物修复。 相似文献
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重金属污染土壤的螯合剂诱导植物修复研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
植物修复作为一种生态友好型原位绿色修复技术成为重金属污染土壤修复研究的热点。然而,目前最具有推广价值的超积累植物因生物量低、生长缓慢、对重金属的积累具有专一性等缺点,大大限制了植物修复技术在重金属污染尤其是复合重金属污染土壤治理方面的推广应用。利用生长速度快、生物量大的普通植物借助其它技术辅助的联合植物修复便成了有效可行的替代途径和研究焦点。近年来,金属螯合剂诱导的化学-植物联合修复技术备受关注。本文综述了螯合剂诱导植物修复技术的研究进展、修复机理和目前存在的问题,并对该项技术的未来研究方向给予了展望。 相似文献
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内生细菌强化重金属污染土壤植物修复研究进展 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
近年来,植物修复因其独特的优势备受推崇,尤其是当前植物内生细菌的应用为植物修复重金属污染土壤提供了有效的新方案.在植物修复过程中,耐重金属的内生细菌利用与植物的共生互惠关系,通过自身的抗性系统缓解重金属的毒性,促进植物对其迁移,并通过溶磷、固氮等途径改善植物营养以及分泌植物激素、铁载体、特异性酶、抗生素等作用,促进植物在逆境条件下的生长和对重金属的富集.本文综述了近年来国内外关于重金属抗性植物内生细菌促进植物生长、增强植物对重金属的抗性以及影响重金属在植物体内吸收、转运和积累的作用机制,系统分析了内生细菌促进植物修复重金属污染土壤的机理,并进一步讨论了植物内生细菌在重金属污染土壤植物修复工程中的应用前景与研究方向. 相似文献
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螯合剂在污染土壤植物修复中的应用 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
向土壤中施加螯合剂可有效提高植物修复效率。根据螯合剂的作用原理,文章着重阐述了螯合剂施用后对污染土壤中重金属的活化、植物吸收和体内转移的影响,并对使用螯合剂的环境风险和今后的研究方向作了简要的讨论。 相似文献
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C. M. MUNDIE 《European Journal of Soil Science》1976,27(3):331-336
Two methods have been used for the identification and determination of uronic acids in soils and soil fractions. The uronic acids were released by hydrolysis with sulphuric acid. After partial purification by ion-exchange chromatography they were separated either by further ion-exchange or by gas-liquid chromatography of derivatives. The latter method is preferable for determination of the specific activities of uronic acids in soil tracer work. Both galacturonic and glucuronic acids were detected in the four Scottish soils examined, the galacturonic acid being present in slightly greater amounts in each soil. Mannuronic acid was not detected. The total amount of uronic acids found ranged from about 4 mg to 6 mg/g soil. 相似文献
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马光庭 《广西农业生物科学》1994,(3)
本文介绍从德国哥廷根污水处理厂腐化塔污泥中分离出的两株甲烷细菌,其中一株为甲酸甲烷杆菌(Methanobacteriumformicicum),其细胞杆状,可利用甲酸或H2/CO2作为碳源和能源,另一株为甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina),其细胞球状,成堆排列,可利用甲醇或H2/CO2作为碳源和能源。 相似文献
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黄土与古土壤中重金属的存在形态及风化成土作用对其影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用了七步连续萃取方法,研究了洛川黄土剖面黄土与古土壤中Fe,Cu,Zn,Co和Ni五种重金属的存在形态。结果表明:黄土与古土壤中上述元素主要存在于残余态和晶形,无定形氧化铁的结合态中,而且线性回归分析表明Cu,Zn,Ni与晶形氧化铁之间存在关;cU,cO,Ni与无定形氧化铁之间存在相关;黄土风化为古土壤后,碳酸盐结合态的重金属含量增加是古土壤相对于黄土重金属增加的主要原因。 相似文献
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Asha Yahya 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):670-683
Net uptake and partitioning of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) in plants of two sesame cultivars (Sesamum indicum cv. ‘PB-1’ and cv. ‘UCR’) exposed to 20 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) were studied over a period of 28 days. Both cultivars showed a marked discrimination between K+ and Na+ during uptake. The reduction of K+ in the plants caused by the NaCl treatment was of similar magnitude in the two cvs. The cv. ‘UCR’ showed lower Na+ concentrations in the shoot tissues than ‘PB-1’ and K+/Na+ selectivity ratios were higher in cv. ‘UCR’ than in cv. ‘PB-1’. At the last sampling on day 28 there was a marked decrease of shoot growth in cv. ‘PB-1’ in comparison to the cv. ‘UCR’. Leaves of cv. ‘PB-1’ showed clear toxic symptoms, while those of cv. ‘UCR’ did not. It is concluded that Na+ exclusion from the shoot contributes to salt tolerance of sesame, cv. ‘UCR’. 相似文献
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《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):345-356
Aluminum (Al) toxicity has been identified as one of the most important factors limiting plant growth in acid soil. Besides Al, nitrite (NO2 ?) may also be a significant stress factor in an acid environment. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of Al and NO2 ? stress on the growth and potassium (K+) uptake of roots and their transport toward the shoots of an Al-resistant common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Jubilejnaja 50) and an Al-sensitive durum wheat (T. durum Desf. cv. GK Betadur) grown in 0.5 mM CaSO4 solution at pH 4.1 or 6.5. Root elongation of durum wheat was inhibited with 30% at 10 μM AlCl3 treatment, while this low Al-concentration did not show a significant effect on root growth of common wheat. In all cases shoot growth was not influenced under low-salt conditions by 10 μ M AlCl3, but exposure to 100 μM KNO2 (alone or in combination with Al) had a definite stimulatory effect on growth. Aluminum was found to stimulate the K+(86Rb) influx in short-term (6 h) experiments, but to inhibit it in long-term (3 days) experiments. This treatment was thought to damage the plasma membrane. When 10 μM 2,4-dinitrophenol was present in the uptake solution the Al-stimulated K+ uptake stopped even in short-term experiments. In the case of nitrite and nitrite + Al treatment combinations, however, a striking inhibition was observed in the K+(86Rb) influx and the K+ concentration of the roots and shoots of both species. 相似文献
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The ability of clay to move ahead of an ice-liquid interface depends on the rate of freezing, the particle size, the release of dissolved air from the water through its probable effect on local freezing rates, and on the electrolyte and its concentration through their effects on interparticle forces and particle mobility. A freezing-rate of 1 cm per hour did not move flocculated clay in most cases, but moved dispersed clay up to 0.7 cm before being trapped in the ice with released air. Aggregates of clay (0.1 to 1 mm) were produced by freezing. After thawing they swelled and dispersed depending on the electrolyte and its concentration in a similar manner to aggregates formed by drying. 相似文献