水氮互作对小麦土壤硝态氮运移及水、氮利用效率的影响

为给强筋小麦(Triticum aeativum L.)高产优质栽培的水、氮合理运筹提供理论依据,在高产地力条件下,选用强筋小麦品种济麦20,设置不施氮（N0）、施氮180 kg/hm2 （N1）、240 kg/hm2 （N2）3个施氮水平,每个施氮水平下设置不灌水（W0）、底墒水+拔节水+开花水（W1）、底墒水+冬水+拔节水+开花水（W2）、底墒水+冬水+拔节水+开花水+灌浆水（W3）4个灌水处理,每次灌水量均为60 mm,研究了水氮互作对麦田耗水量、土壤硝态氮运移、氮素利用效率和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,（1）增加施氮量,开花期和成熟期0—140 cm各土层的土壤硝态氮含量显著升高;增加灌水时期,土壤硝态氮向深层的运移加剧,成熟期0—80 cm各土层的土壤硝态氮含量降低,120—140 cm土层的土壤硝态氮含量升高。N1W1处理在开花期0—60 cm土层的土壤硝态氮含量较高,成熟期土壤硝态氮向100—140 cm土层运移少,有利于植株对氮素的吸收。（2）随施氮量的增加,子粒产量先升高后降低,以N1最高。N1水平下,W1处理获得了较高的子粒产量、子粒氮素积累量、氮素利用效率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力;在此基础上增加冬水(W2),上述指标无显著变化;再增加灌浆水(W3),上述指标显著降低。（3）施氮提高了小麦对土壤水的利用能力,随施氮量增加,土壤供水量及其占总耗水量的比例显著升高。N1水平下,W1处理获得了最高的水分利用效率;再增加灌水时期,水分利用效率显著降低,开花至成熟阶段的耗水模系数显著升高,灌水量占总耗水量的比例升高,降水量和土壤供水量占总耗水量的比例降低。本试验条件下,施氮为180 kg/hm2,灌底墒水＋拔节水＋开花水3水的N1W1处理,是兼顾高产、高效的水氮运筹模式。     

控释氮肥对双季水稻生长及氮肥利用率的影响

为阐明控释氮肥的产量和生态效应,选用N 75和150 kg/hm2两种不同用量的控释氮肥（日本Meister系列）和尿素对比,在南方典型双季稻区第四纪红壤发育的水稻土上进行早稻和晚稻田间试验,观测控释肥氮素田间释放规律及其水稻的生长、产量和氮肥利用率。结果表明,控释氮肥S9和LP70(40%)+LPS100(60%)的氮释放规律分别与早稻、晚稻氮吸收的规律基本一致,且氮累积吸收量与控释肥氮释放率均成显著正相关（相关方程的决定系数R2=0.9764和0.9968）。与N 75kg/hm2用量的尿素相比,早、晚稻施用相同量的控释氮肥分别增产3.6%和9.3%;有效分蘖数和有效穗数明显增加,氮肥利用率分别提高了29.9个百分点和10.4个百分点。施用高氮（N150 kg/hm2）尿素的水稻产量与低氮（N 75 kg/hm2）控释肥相比,差异不显著。控释氮肥N 75kg/hm2用量可以达到尿素N 150kg/hm2的产量水平,氮肥利用率则显著提高,为高产高环境效益的施肥方式。     

氮肥后移对土壤氮素供应和冬小麦氮素吸收利用的影响

采用田间试验研究了氮肥后移对土壤氮素供应和冬小麦氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,与农民习惯施氮（N 300 kg/hm2,基肥和拔节肥各占1/2）比较,氮肥后移处理（N210kg/hm2,基肥、拔节肥和孕穗肥各占1/3）在不降低小麦产量的同时,大大提高了氮肥利用率,且全生育期氮素表观损失极低。过量施用氮肥(N 300 kg/hm2)明显提高了60 cm以下土层硝态氮含量,增加了其向地下水淋溶迁移的风险。氮肥后移可提高小麦成熟期0-20cm土层硝态氮积累量,降低其在20-100cm土层的积累。基于冬小麦不同生育阶段的氮素吸收量而进行氮肥后移是可行的,氮肥后移可节省氮肥30%,是较为理想的施氮方式。     

日光温室滴灌条件下黄瓜氮、磷、有机肥肥效与施肥模式研究

采用N、P、有机肥三因素五水平最优设计,在陕北黄土高原进行了日光温室黄瓜N、P和有机肥肥效与施肥模式的田间试验。得到了日光温室黄瓜N、P和有机肥的肥效反应模式,以及N、P和有机肥单因素对日光温室黄瓜产量的影响。结果表明N、P、有机肥对日光温室黄瓜产量增加的影响是有机肥 N P,施用有机肥是日光温室黄瓜增产的主要措施。当施P2O5量小于750 kg/km2、施氮量小于1150 kg/hm2时,N、P肥有增产效果,用量大于此施肥量时N、P肥效降低。根据反应模式提出在黄瓜目标产量在83000~88000 kg/hm2之间,95%置信区间的N、P、有机肥最佳施肥用量为N 807.5～1309.3、P2O5 576.6～991.6 kg/hm2;有机肥41.3～148.9 t/hm2。N∶P2O5为1∶0.714～0.757。日光温室黄瓜种植应以有机肥为主,氮磷肥配合施用。     

氮、磷、钾肥对大葱商品性状及其产量的影响

应用311-A拟饱和最优回归设计,通过氮、磷、钾肥配比田间试验,建立大葱施用氮、磷、钾肥对大葱株高、葱白直径、产量及施肥利润的效应函数。结果表明,株高极大值氮、磷、钾优化施肥组合为:N 371.30、P2O5 157.50、K2O 309.58 kg/hm2,此时的株高为92.88 cm;葱白直径极大值氮、磷、钾优化施肥组合为:N 350.63、P2O5 157.50、K2O 225.00 kg/hm2,此时葱白的直径为1.769 cm;最高产量的氮、磷、钾优化施肥组合为:N 394.08、P2O5 193.62、K2O 225.00 kg/hm2,此时产量为55805.06 kg/hm2;最佳施肥利润的氮、磷、钾优化施肥组合为:N 391.35、P2O5 192.97、K2O 225.00 kg/hm2,其最佳施肥利润达136865.60元/hm2,经济产量达55802.74 kg/hm2。     

Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilizer for Potato under Fertigation Utilizing a Nitrogen Tracer Technique

Abstract

Efficient crop use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is critical from economic and environmental viewpoints, especially under irrigated conditions. Nitrogen fertilizer (¹⁵N‐labeled urea) and irrigation methods (drip and furrow) were evaluated on spring and fall potato cultivars under Syrian Mediterranean climatic conditions. Field experiments were conducted in the El‐Ghab Valley near Hama in fall 2000 and spring 2001 on a heavy clay soil. Four N‐fertilizer applications (70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N/ha) were applied in five equally split treatments for both irrigation methods. Potato was irrigated when soil moisture in the specified active root depth reached 80% of the field capacity as indicated by the neutron probe.

Higher marketable tuber yield of spring potato was obtained by fertigation compared to furrow irrigation; the magnitude of tuber yield increases was 4, 2, 31, and 13%, whereas for fall potato the tuber yield increases were 13, 27, 20, and 35% for N fertilizer rates of 70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N/ha, respectively. Shoot dry matter and tuber yields at the bulking stage were not good parameters to estimate marketable tuber yield. The effect of N treatments on potato yield with furrow irrigation and fertigation was limited and not significant. Drip fertigation improved tuber yield of fall potato relative to national average yield. Nitrogen uptake increased with increasing N input under both irrigation methods. Reducing N input under both irrigation methods improved N recoveries. Increasing N input significantly increased total N content in plant tissues at the bulking stage. Spring potato yields were almost double those of fall potato under both irrigation methods and all N treatments.

Nitrate (NO₃) movement in the soil solution for fall potato was monitored using soil solution extractors. Furrow irrigation resulted in greater movements of NO₃‐N below the rooting zone than drip fertigation.

Harvest index did not follow a clear trend but tended to decrease upon increasing N fertilization rates beyond 140 kg N/ha under both irrigation methods. Drip fertigation improved field water‐use efficiencies at the bulking and harvest stages. Fertigation increased specific gravity of potato tubers relative to furrow irrigation. Higher N input decreased specific gravity of potato tubers under both irrigation methods.     

东北黑土玉米单作体系氨挥发特征研究

采用通气法测定了东北黑土玉米单作体系田间土壤的原位氨挥发。试验设5个氮肥用量处理,即:施氮量（N）分别为0、150、225和300 kg/hm2（用N0、N1、N2 和N3表示）,基施氮肥和拔节期追肥各1/2,其中N3为习惯施肥;同时设置优化施肥处理N4,用量为N 225 kg/hm2,基施氮肥、拔节期和孕穗期追肥各1/3。结果表明,来自肥料的氨挥发持续时间较短,一般发生在施肥后的7 d内。由于追肥期高温低湿,追肥期氨挥发量显著高于基施氮肥。随施氮量增加,氨挥发损失增加;优化施肥（N4）的氨挥发损失量明显低于习惯施肥,N1、N2、N3和N4处理来自氮肥的氨挥发依次为N 5.09、9.18、13.47和7.14 kg/hm2,相当于施氮量的3.39%、4.08%、4.49%和3.17%。可见,优化施肥对于我国东北集约化农区节省氮肥和提高氮肥利用率有重要意义。     

Estimating nitrogen requirements for irrigated malting barley

Abstract

The production of marketable malting barley requires careful N management to meet the quality standards set by the malting industry. Nine field trials were conducted over an eight‐year period at four locations to develop N fertilization guidelines for irrigated malting barley. Residual soil NO₃‐N (0 to 60 cm) ranged from 15 to 103 kg N/ha. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied preplant as either urea or NH₄NO₃ at rates ranging from 0 to 269 kg N/ha. Maximum yields were obtained when the sum of residual plus applied N (available N) was above 110 kg N/ha. However, the percentage of plump kernels generally fell below acceptable levels (85%) when available N exceeded 135 kg N/ha. Grain protein exceeded acceptable levels (12%) when available N was above 210 kg N/ha. Stem NO₃‐N sufficiency levels were determined from high‐yielding barley with acceptable quality parameters. At the three‐leaf stage, the barley stem NO₃‐N sufficiency level was approximately 6,000 μg/g and decreased to about 1,000 μg/g at the eight‐leaf stage.     

半干旱区施氮和灌溉条件下覆膜对春玉米产量及氮素平衡的影响

以典型半干旱区干湿砂质新成土（Ust-Sandic Entisols）为供试土壤进行田间试验,研究地膜覆盖、施氮及补充灌水量对春玉米（Zea mays L.）产量、土壤矿质氮（NO3--N和NH4+-N）及氮素平衡的影响。结果表明,0—100 cm土体范围内,随着土层加深,播前和收获后土壤NO3--N含量呈降低趋势,NH4+-N有所增加,但变幅不大;总矿质氮量（NO3--N和NH4+-N）表现为下降。说明地膜覆盖和施氮并没有使NO3--N深层累积量增加,这可能与土壤本身供氮能力严重不足有关。与不施氮相比,施氮各处理氮肥表观损失量增加;与不覆膜相比,作物氮素累积量比不覆膜显著增加（P0.05）。在低灌（80 mm）覆膜和高灌（160 mm）覆膜条件下,玉米的氮肥利用率均比不覆膜均提高了18.8%,说明覆膜低灌在相同施氮条件下,可节约80 mm灌水。但低灌（80 mm）与高灌（160 mm）不覆膜间氮肥利用率差异不显著,表明在相同施氮条件下,覆膜可有效提高氮肥利用率,减少氮素损失。综合考虑籽粒产量和氮肥利用率,“覆膜+补灌80 mm+施氮90 kg/hm2”可能为本试验条件下较优的栽培模式。     

Yield response of corn to lime and urea application on an acidic tropical soil

Abstract

The effects of liming (7 500 kg CaCO₃/ha) and rate of urea application (0,50,100, and 200 kg N/ha) and its placement at the surface or at 5 cm depth on grain yield and nutrient uptake by corn grown on an acidic tropical soil (Fluventic Eutropept) were studied. Liming significantly increased grain yield, N uptake, and P and K uptake although Ca and Mg uptake, generally, were unaffected. Sub‐surface application of urea increased N uptake only. Yield response to applied N was observed up to 50 kg N/ha when limed but at all rates in the absence of liming. It therefore, reduced the fertilizer N requirement for optimum grain yield. Liming the acidic soil also reduced exchangeable Al but increased nitrification rate and available P in the soil profile (at least up to 0.6 m depth).     

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil nitrogen pools and microbial properties in a hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii) plantation in southeast Queensland, Australia

A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of N fertilization on soil N pools and associated microbial properties in a 13-year-old hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii) plantation of southeast Queensland, Australia. The treatments included: (1) control (without N application); (2) 300 kg N ha^-1 applied as NH₄NO₃; and (3) 600 kg N ha^-1 as NH₄NO₃. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Soil samples were taken approximately 5 years after the N application. The results showed that application of 600 kg N ha^-1 significantly increased concentrations of NH₄⁺-N in 0-10 cm soil compared with the control and application of 300 kg N ha^-1. Concentrations of NO₃^--N in soil (both 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) with an application rate of 600 kg N ha^-1 were significantly higher compared with the control. Application of 600 kg N ha^-1 significantly increased gross N mineralization and immobilization rates (0-10 cm soil) determined by ¹⁵N isotope dilution techniques under anaerobic incubation, compared with the control. However, N application did not significantly affect the concentrations of soil total C and total N. N application appeared to decrease microbial biomass C and N and respiration, and to increase the metabolic quotient (qCO₂) in 0-10 cm soil, but these effects were not statistically significant. The lack of statistical significance in these microbial properties between the treatments might have been associated with large spatial variability between the replicate plots at this experimental site. Spatial variability in soil microbial biomass C and N was found to relate to soil moisture, total C and total N.     

茶树控释氮肥的施用效果与合理施用技术研究

采用田间试验方法研究控释氮肥不同施用量和施用次数条件下土壤养分释放动态,以及对茶树养分吸收、叶片叶绿素含量,茶叶产量和品质变化的影响。结果表明,控释氮肥能明显延长氮在土壤中的留存时间,与普通尿素相比,NH4+-N浓度明显提高并能持续较长时间;而NO3--N变化不大,使NO3--N占总无机态氮含量的比例降低。控释氮肥在土壤中的这种动态变化与茶树对氮素的吸收规律基本同步,这不仅明显促进了茶树对氮素的吸收,而且对钾和锌等矿质元素的吸收也有所增强;茶树叶片叶绿素含量提高。与普通尿素相比,控释氮肥可减少30%氮肥用量而不影响茶叶产量和品质;相同的施肥量和施肥次数或施肥次数减少一次,茶叶仍增产6.6%～24.1%,平均12.9%;茶叶品质成分,特别是游离氨基酸含量也有明显提高。     

黄土区退果还耕对黑垆土硝态氮积累和迁移的影响

在黄土高原沟壑区王东沟小流域,针对塬面、梁地和坡地三种地形,分别选取了盛果期果园、老果园和退果还耕地等,研究了退果还耕条件下,三种地貌类型土壤剖面中水分含量变化及NO3--N、NH4+-N积累和迁移规律。结果表明,无论塬面、梁地或者坡地上,果园土壤水分含量显著降低（10%～14%）;果园退耕后,土壤水分开始缓慢恢复。盛果期,塬面NO3--N峰值主要处于100—200 cm之间,退果还耕后,100 cm以上土层中NO3--N含量降低,100 cm以下NO3--N积累量在增加,并且峰值不断向下移动。盛果期果园NO3--N积累量为631～3032 kg/hm2;退果还耕地、老果园NO3--N积累量都显著高于盛果期果园。盛果期40%以上的NO3--N积累在100—200 cm土层,但退果还耕地上50%左右集中分布在200—300 cm土层。土地利用与管理方式的变化对NH4+-N分布特征的影响并不明显。     

Nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions from maize field plots as affected by N fertilizer type and application method

N₂O and NO emissions from an Andisol maize field were studied. The experimental treatments were incorporation of urea into the plough layer at 250 kg N ha^-1 by two applications (UI250), band application of urea at a depth of 8 cm at 75 kg N ha^-1 plus incorporation of urea into the plough layer at 75 kg N ha^-1 (UB150), band application of polyolefin-coated urea at a depth of 5 cm at 150 kg N ha^-1 (CB150), and a control (without N application). N₂O fluxes from UI250 and UB150 peaked following the incorporation of supplementary fertilizer, and declined to the background level after that, while the N₂O flux from CB150 was relatively low but remained at a constant level until shortly after harvest. Accordingly, the total N₂O emissions during the whole cultivation period from the three treatments were not significantly different. The fertilizer-derived N₂O-N losses from UI250, UB150 and CB150 were 0.15%, 0.27% and 0.28% of the applied N, respectively. However, it was suggested that, due to the low plant N recovery, UI250 had a significantly larger potential for indirect N₂O emission than the other treatments. On the other hand, NO emissions from UI250 and UB150 were 12 times higher than that from CB150, and the fertilizer-derived NO-N losses from the three treatments were 0.16%, 0.27% and 0.026% of the applied N, respectively. Significant NO fluxes were detected only when urea-N fertilizer was surface-applied and incorporated into plough-layer soil.     

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield and nitrogen and water use efficiencies of winter wheat (durum and bread) varieties grown under conditions found in Central Anatolia

In order to evaluate the influence of different N rates on percent N derived from fertilizer (%Ndff) at different growth stages, on yields and the percent N use efficiency (%NUE) values of two winter wheat varieties (durum and bread), field experiments on fallow were carried out at four different locations in Central Anatolia, in the 1991–1992 and 1992–1993 growing seasons. At each site the rates of N (0, 40, 80 and 120?kg N/ha) were applied as ammonium sulphate [(NH₄)₂SO₄] using a Latin Square experimental design with four replicates. The total amounts of N fertilizer were applied once after seedling emergence at all experimental sites. Labelled (¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄ fertilizer was applied to sub-plots from which %Ndff values were determined at tillering, booting, grain filling, and harvest stages. Yield sub-plots received unlabelled (NH₄)₂SO₄ from which total dry matter (seed and straw) and N yields were determined. Also the %NUE values were calculated by the ¹⁵N and "difference" methods at the harvest stage. Stored soil moisture at 0–90?cm depth, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency values were calculated as well. The results obtained showed that (1) Gerek-79 variety used both the applied N fertilizer and the available soil moisture more efficiently, (2) the percent NUE values obtained overall were generally less than 20 for both varieties and (3) with the ¹⁵N method, less variable %NUE values were obtained in comparison to the difference method.     

膜荚黄芪氮磷钾优化施肥模式研究

采用氮,磷,钾三因素二次D-饱和最优设计,通过田间试验,建立了氮磷钾的施肥量编码值与膜荚黄芪根产量、多糖含量的效应函数。结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥对膜荚黄芪根产量的增产作用大小依次为:氮肥＞钾肥＞磷肥;氮、磷、钾肥对黄芪多糖含量的作用大小依次为:钾肥＞磷肥＞氮肥,其中钾肥为负效应,氮肥、磷肥为正效应。寻优结果表明,膜荚黄芪目标产量在6000～7000 kg/hm2之间,95%置信区间的优化施肥量为:N 66.85～102.92 kg/hm2,P2O5 64.64～94.95 kg/hm2,K2O 119.78～166.48 kg/hm2;膜荚黄芪多糖含量在13%～14%之间,95%置信区间的优化施肥量为:N 66.85～102.92 kg/hm2,P2O5 64.64～94.95 kg/hm2,K2O 119.78～166.48 kg/hm2;膜荚黄芪高产优质高效栽培优化施肥量为:N 99.52～102.92 kg/hm2,P2O5 94.20～94.95 kg/hm2,K2O 119.78～166.48 kg/hm2,N、P2O5、K2O的最佳比例为:1: 0.92～0.95:1.16～1.62。     

氮、磷肥对裸燕麦子粒产量和β-葡聚糖含量的影响

以裸燕麦青永久887(Avena nuda L. cv. Qingyongjiu No.887)为材料,研究了施氮和施磷对子粒产量与β-葡聚糖含量的影响;分析了N、P肥对裸燕麦子粒产量构成因素,穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重的影响,并进行了经济效益分析。结果表明,裸燕麦穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重及子粒产量,随施氮量的增加呈先增后降变化趋势;随施磷量的增加而增加。β-葡聚糖含量随施氮或施磷量的增加而增加。在N 90 kg/hm2、P2O5 90 kg/hm2处理下,裸燕麦穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重、子粒产量均达最高值;在N 135kg/hm2、P2O5 90 kg/hm2处理,裸燕麦子粒β-葡聚糖含量最高。经济效益分析表明,经济施肥量为:N 90 kg/hm2、P2O5 90 kg/hm2。裸燕麦子粒产量Y (kg/hm2),可用其与N (kg/hm2)和P (P2O5,kg/hm2)肥间的二元二次回归方程估测。     

松嫩平原黑土区玉米生产氮磷配合肥效优化模型的研究

通过对黑土区玉米生产氮磷肥配合多年多眯次的试验研究,建立产量与肥效地优化模型,优化解析出黑土区玉米生产氮磷含最佳用量的Ｎ１７２．９ｋｇ／ｈａ,Ｐ２Ｏ５５７．４ｋｇ／ｈａ,氮磷比为３．０：１,可获得最佳产量７７９１．０ｋｇ／ｈａ;最佳用量范围内,氮,磷用量相同时,平均每公斤氮可增产玉米１４．４ｋｇ,每公斤磷可增产玉米１６．９ｋｇ,磷的肥效比氮好,但氮的增产潜力远比磷大,单施磷可增产玉米７３４．９ｋｇ     

化肥有机肥配合施用下双季稻田氮素形态变化

为揭示有机无机肥配合施用下稻田氮素的动态及迁移特征,在湘南双季水稻农作区第四纪红土发育的红黄泥稻田上进行了连续6年田间试验。通过比较不施氮肥（PK）、施用有机肥猪粪（M）、化肥（NPK）及有机肥化肥配合（NPKM）,研究稻田表层全氮、无机氮动态变化,不同层次（25—30、55—60、85—90 cm）土壤溶液无机氮动态,耕层土壤无机氮动态等。结果表明,NH4+-N是红壤双季稻田无机氮素存在的主要形态,施用化学肥料处理（NPK）施肥后1～3 d表面水NH4+-N浓度占全氮比例可达0.5～0.9,有机肥处理（M）为0.3左右。不同层次土壤溶液及其土壤氮素浓度呈现一致的特征,即施肥后短期内出现浓度峰值随后迅速下降,且随着往下推移,氮素峰值出现时间延长,表层水全氮及无机氮在施肥后1～2 d出现浓度高峰,耕层土壤及25—30 cm土壤溶液无机氮浓度高峰约在施肥后3～5 d。化肥有机肥配施有利于水稻稳产高产,年产量达12.2 t/hm2,比不施氮肥的对照产量（7.3 t/hm2）增加68%;土壤有机质6年提升18.5%,显著高于化肥。施用有机肥（M）及有机无机肥配合（NPKM）显著降低了稻田表层水全氮及不同层次土壤溶液和耕层土壤NH4+-N峰值浓度,提高水稻产量和培肥土壤,有利于减少当前氮肥过量施用带来的环境负荷。     

滇池流域集约化菜田NO与NO2排放的研究

采用密闭通气气室法,在滇池流域旱季和雨季开展了2个生长周期内集约化西芹地NO/NO2排放研究。结果表明, NO/NO2排放速率的日变化规律受温度的影响较为明显,中午时段最高,凌晨时段最低。西芹生育期间,CK处理（裸地）的NO/NO2排放速率维持在一定水平,中后期NF处理（不施氮）NO/NO2排放速率有所升高;LF（N 450 kg/hm2）和HF（N 1200 kg/hm2）处理受西芹的生长和频繁氮肥追施的影响,生育期NO/NO2排放速率逐渐升高。旱季与雨季CK处理NO/NO2排放量分别为1.30和NOx-N 1.51 kg/hm2,NF处理分别较CK高出NOx-N 1.0和1.44 kg/hm2。LF处理旱季与雨季NO/NO2排放量分别为NOx-N 4.88和5.67 kg/hm2,其损失率分别为0.79%和0.92%;HF处理旱季和雨季NO/NO2排放量分别为NOx-N 7.58和10.19 kg/hm2,其损失率分别为0.63%和0.85%,说明氮肥用量较高时,土壤—作物系统的NOx-N损失量也较高,但其损失率并不随施氮量的升高而升高。