共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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稻米功能性成分的生理活性及其产品开发 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
本文就稻谷主副产品如淀粉、碎米、米糠、米胚和稻壳等中的主要功能性成分,包括抗性淀粉、γ氨基丁酸、多磷酸肌醇、谷维素、维生素E和二十八烷醇等的生理功能及富含特定功能因子产品的开发研究进展进行了简要综述,以期为开发与研制新型功能食品提供思路。 相似文献
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HPT-ELISA方法的建立及其在转基因水稻监测中的应用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
本文改进了HPT-ELISA检测法,利用一种简便并且高效的微生物表达体系,将hpt基因的全编码序列克隆到原核表达质粒pGEX-KG上,在E.Coli菌株BL21(DE3)-pLys中进行诱导表达,获得了融合蛋白GST-HPT,经Thrombin凝血酶酶切过夜,再经过柱纯化后获得不含GST且具有生物活性的HPT纯蛋白,所得蛋白纯度>90%。MALDI-TOF-MS分析表明,HPT蛋白分子量为39.4KD。用HPT纯蛋白免疫家兔,制备了高效价的多克隆抗体,进而构建了双抗夹心酶联免疫检测方法,其灵敏度为0.31ng/ml。应用该HPT-ELISA方法,测定了不同生育期转Bt基因水稻植株中HPT蛋白的表达水平以及成熟期稻米中的HPT蛋白含量。结果表明,不同生育期转Bt基因水稻植株中HPT蛋白的表达量约为15.67~60.12ng/g.FW,转Bt基因稻米中HPT蛋白的含量为5.28ng HPT/g.FW,而在非转基因亲本的植株和稻米中均未检测到HPT蛋白。 相似文献
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水稻胚性愈伤诱导及其遗传转化的几个技术参数研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
以日本晴成熟种子及幼嫩种子为材料诱导形成胚性愈伤组织,经农杆菌介导将水稻隐花色素基因的4个RNAi和2个反义RNA表达载体分别转化日本晴愈伤组织,再经抗性筛选和分化培养诱导形成植株,经分子检测筛选出阳性转基因苗。对胚性愈伤诱导率、抗性愈伤率、分化出苗率及转化率进行统计分析。结果表明,成熟种子、新鲜成熟种子及幼嫩种子愈伤诱导率均大于81%,平均为86.67%,其中以新鲜成熟种子愈伤诱导率最高,达96.89%;抗性愈伤率成熟胚为22.21%~40.71%,平均为28.49%,幼胚为36.79%~43.21%,平均为40%,幼胚的抗性愈伤率高于成熟胚;分化出苗率成熟胚为59.29%~80.43%,平均为71.59%,幼胚为63.16%~72.73%,平均67.95%,幼胚与成熟胚差异不明显;转化率(Gus检测阳性率)成熟胚为43.07%~81.08%,平均61.59%,幼胚为58.33%~76.67%,平均67.50%,幼胚转化率稍高于成熟胚。 相似文献
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巨胚功能稻的营养成分分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分别测定了巨胚稻和相应非巨胚稻(对照)糙米的粗白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分等4种主要营养成分,17种氨基酸、9种矿物质、5种维生素和γ-氨基丁酸含量。结果表明:(1)同对照相比,巨胚稻糙米的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维和粗灰分含量均有提高,平均增幅分别为11.14%、106.09%、42.21%和10.17%;(2)较对照,巨胚稻的17种氨基酸含量普遍提高,必需氨基酸含量提高2.52%-35.62%,氨基酸总量提高4.77%~37.09%;(3)巨胚稻的矿物质元素含量丰富,相比非巨胚对照,其Ca、Fe、Zn、Mn、Mg、P、K、Na和Cd的平均含量分别提高了42.89%、47.96%、38.08%、37.75%、1.75%、5.51%、13.88%、16.13%和36.69%;(4)巨胚稻的VB1、VB2、VPP、VE和叶酸含量均高于相应非巨胚对照,增幅为2.50%~214.81%;(5)巨胚稻糙米的功能成分γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量比相应非巨胚对照增加,平均增幅达286.58%。巨胚稻富含各种营养成分,是一种高营养功能型的稻米品系。 相似文献
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玉米未成熟胚胚性愈伤组织诱导率与内源激素含量的关系 总被引:19,自引:6,他引:13
以胚性愈伤组织诱导率高低不同的9个玉米自交系未成熟胚为外植体,用改良N6培养基诱导培养愈伤组织。酶联免疫法测定不同培养时间后未成熟胚,以及由此诱导的胚性和非胚性愈伤组织,内源脱落酸(ABA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3、GA4)和细胞分裂素(DHZRI、PA、ZR)含量。结果发现,胚性愈伤组织诱导率与未成熟胚ABA和IAA含量正相关,与胚性和非胚性愈伤组织ABA含量正相关,与胚性愈伤组织GA3含量负相关。在胚性愈伤组织开始发生之际,外植体的ABA和IAA含量出现峰值,GA3含量出现低谷。因此认为,未成熟胚高水平的ABAI、AA含量和低水平的GA3含量,有利于胚性愈伤组织的诱导。但是胚性愈伤组织的ABA含量却低于非胚性愈伤组织,且胚性愈伤组织诱导率与胚性愈伤组织IAA含量负相关。由此看来,胚性愈伤组织的诱导和保持,可能还与各种激素的协同作用有关。 相似文献
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巨胚稻胚发育的解剖学观察 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以巨胚稻TgeB和非巨胚稻TB为材料,开花后分期取样,制作胚纵切面石蜡切片,用显微镜观察巨胚稻胚性状的发育过程。结果显示:(1)巨胚稻胚的生长主要在开花后的前12d,且6-9d生长最为迅速,此阶段其增大速率要大于非巨胚稻;(2)巨胚稻各时期的胚均大于非巨胚稻,其胚长和胚厚分别是非巨胚稻的1.21~1.37倍和1.37~1.70倍;胚芽长与非巨胚稻差异不大;胚芽宽则是非巨胚稻的1.12~1.31倍;胚根长是非巨胚稻的1.14~1.22倍;胚根宽和非巨胚稻差异不大;(3)从第9天开始,巨胚稻胚各个时期的盾片均明显大于非巨胚稻,其成熟期的细胞长和细胞宽分别是非巨胚稻的2.09倍和1.90倍;(4)从胚纵切面的细胞数看,巨胚稻与非巨胚稻二者差异不显著。表明巨胚稻胚的增大主要是由胚的盾片细胞的显著增大引起的。 相似文献
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Zhao M Ma Y Wei ZZ Yuan WX Li YL Zhang CH Xue XT Zhou HJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(8):3641-3648
Two previous studies have reported that pu-erh tea contains a high level of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and has several physiological functions. However, two other researchers have demonstrated that the GABA content of several pu-erh teas was low. Due to the high value and health benefits of GABA, analysis of mass-produced pu-erh tea is necessary to determine whether it is actually enriched with GABA. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of GABA in tea, the results of which were verified by amino acid analysis using an Amino Acid Analyzer (AAA). A total of 114 samples of various types of Chinese tea, including 62 pu-erh teas, 13 green teas, 8 oolong teas, 8 black teas, 3 white teas, 4 GABA teas, and 16 process samples from two industrial fermentations of pu-erh tea (including the raw material and the first to seventh turnings), were analyzed using HPLC. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the GABA content in pu-erh tea was significantly lower than that in other types of tea (p < 0.05) and that the GABA content decreased during industrial fermentation of pu-erh tea (p < 0.05). This mass analysis and comparison suggested GABA was not a major bioactive constituent and resolved the disagreement GABA content in pu-erh tea. In addition, the GABA content in white tea was found to be significantly higher than that in the other types of tea (p < 0.05), leading to the possibility of producing GABA-enriched white tea. 相似文献
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提高发芽糙米得率的复合酶预处理工艺优化 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
为解决传统工艺生产发芽糙米浸泡时间长、生产效率低等问题,提出以纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的复合溶液代替蒸馏水浸泡发芽前糙米的新工艺。以糙米为原料,探究复合酶预处理工艺中酶解时间、酶解温度、复合酶浓度及配比对发芽糙米得率的影响规律,采用二次正交旋转中心组合设计试验,建立了各因素对发芽糙米得率影响的数学模型。结果表明:酶解时间、酶解温度、复合酶浓度及酶配比对发芽糙米得率影响显著(P0.05),得到优化参数组合为:酶解时间135 min,酶解温度35℃,复合酶浓度0.57 g/L、纤维素酶和木聚糖酶质量比1.86:1,在此条件下,与传统工艺相比浸泡时间缩短62.5%、发芽糙米得率及γ-氨基丁酸含量分别提高约3.90%和3.86 mg/(100 g)。通过对酶解后糙米皮层微观结构的观察分析,糙米皮层在复合酶作用下部分降解,胚乳中淀粉更易与水分子相结合,从而吸水速率提升。研究结果可为发芽糙米生产提供参考。 相似文献
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Poonlaphdecha J Maraval I Roques S Audebert A Boulanger R Bry X Gunata Z 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(15):3824-3830
In greenhouse experiments, Aychade, a fragrant rice variety, was grown under one level of salt solution (EC of 3800 ± 400 μS·cm(-1)) sufficient to induce salt stress in rice. Timing and duration of salt solution application varied according to the growth stages. 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), a characteristic flavor compound of fragrant rice as well as biogenetically related compounds, proline, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were quantified. Salt treatments induced 2AP synthesis in the leaves, but the increase was often higher in the vegetative phase. This increase was correlated with proline level but not with that of GABA. Interestingly the grains from all the salt treated plants contained significantly higher levels of 2AP (733-998 μg·kg(-1)) than those from the control (592 μg·kg(-1)). The highest 2AP synthesis occurred when the plants were subjected to salt treatment during whole vegetative or reproductive phases. However in the latter case crop yield decreased significantly. 相似文献
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Abhik Patra Tapan Jyoti Purakayastha Mandira Barman Sarvendra Kumar Kapil Atmaram Chobhe 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(9):1137-1149
ABSTRACT Soil acidity is one of the main limitations for optimal use of land resources for better crop production. And, long-term fertilization experiments found to be helpful in increasing the nutrient supply in these acidic soils. Keeping this in view, a field experiment on rice was carried out by applying biofertilizers and enriched compost in an acidic Inceptisol of Assam over 10 successive years (2006–15) to examine its effects on nutrient availability and soil enzymatic activity. This experiment had five treatments viz. absolute control (T1), 100% recommended doses (RD) of inorganic NPK (T2), 50% RD of inorganic NP + 100% K +biofertilizers (T3), 50% RD of inorganic NP + 100% K +1 tonne enriched compost ha?1 (T4) and 25% RD of inorganic NP + 100% K +2 tonnes enriched compost ha?1 (T5) under randomized block design with four replications. After completing 10 years of experiment, it was observed that integrated use of enriched compost and biofertilizers with reduced doses of inorganic fertilizers enhanced the soil enzymatic activity as well as nutrient availability in rice grown in acidic clay loam soils of Assam. Application of biofertilizers and enriched compost had positive impact on plant accessible nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil as compared to inorganic fertilizers. Also soil organic matter content increased considerably by these treatment. Integrated nutrient management practice in rice had also significantly enhanced the dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate and phospho-monoesterase activity in soil. 相似文献
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Pyrenochaeta sp. enriched on and in roots of upland rice through its continuous cropping, was shown to have an ability to inhibit the growth of upland rice in quartz or partially sterilized soil. It was established that the microorganism produced some substance inhibiting the growth of seedlings of upland rice or/in roots of the plant. The results suggested that Pyrenochaeta sp. produced this inhibitor even on/in roots of upland rice continuously cropped on the field, and may play a role in the appearance of upland rice soil sickness. 相似文献