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1.
农业废弃物制备的生物质炭对红壤酸度和油菜产量的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
李九玉  赵安珍  袁金华  徐仁扣 《土壤》2015,47(2):334-339
利用自行研制的生物质炭化炉在田间条件下制备花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭,采集秸秆气化站产生的稻壳炭,研究了这3种生物质炭对酸性土壤的改良效果和对油菜产量的影响。结果表明:施用稻壳炭、花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭均可提高土壤p H,降低土壤交换性酸含量,效果随施用量的增加而增强。生物质炭对酸性土壤的改良效果主要决定于其本身的含碱量,施用花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭显著增加土壤交换性盐基阳离子、有效磷、有效阳离子交换量和盐基饱和度,并提高油菜籽产量。田间条件下施用花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭3年后土壤p H仍明显高于对照处理,说明生物质炭对土壤酸度的改良具有持续性。因此,花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭是优良的酸性土壤改良剂。  相似文献   

2.
生物质炭对不同pH值土壤矿质氮含量的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
为了揭示生物质炭作为土壤调理剂添加后对土壤矿质氮形态、含量等土壤性质的影响,该研究利用芒草分别在350和700℃裂解制得生物质炭,发现2个温度尤其是700℃制得的生物质炭,对NH4+有很强的吸附能力,但对NO3-的吸附能力很弱。将生物质炭分别加入到酸性(pH值为3.8)和碱性(pH值为7.6)土壤中,25℃下室内培养180d。结果表明,生物质炭提高了土壤全氮含量,酸性和碱性土壤分别平均提高了22%和17%;但使土壤铵态氮含量大幅降低至接近仪器检测限水平;生物质炭对土壤硝态氮含量的影响因生物质炭和土壤类型而异。生物质炭对土壤矿质氮形态和含量的影响,显然与生物质炭对铵的吸附作用、提高土壤pH值、增强氨挥发损失,以及形成微生物量氮等密切相关。该研究可为开展生物质炭基氮素新型肥料及制剂等方面的科学研究提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
生物质炭对土壤物理性质影响的研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
生物质炭在农业与环境中的应用已成为近期国内外研究热点,有关生物质炭特性以及生物质炭对土壤化学、生物学性质和作物产量的影响,已经有一些综述,但是生物质炭对土壤物理性质影响的相关综述很少。本文对近10年生物质炭对土壤物理性质影响相关的研究成果进行了整理分析。研究结果发现生物质炭可以降低土壤容重,提高土壤团聚体稳定性,增加田间持水量和土壤有效水含量,降低饱和导水率等。生物质炭影响土壤物理性质的主要原因是生物质炭具有较大的比表面积和孔隙度。此外,生物质炭与土壤矿质颗粒结合,并通过对土壤微生物活性和植物生长的影响间接影响土壤物理性质。生物质炭对土壤物理性质的影响与多种因素有关,如生物质炭原料、裂解温度、施用量和颗粒大小,土壤质地和处理时间等。关于生物质炭对土壤物理性质影响的长期研究很少,且缺乏田间试验。因此,将来的研究应更加倾向于长期田间条件下生物质炭对土壤物理性质的影响,并逐渐发现生物质炭的作用机理,为实际的农业生产和生态治理提供科学依据。  相似文献   

4.
随着外源酸输入,酸性土壤改良剂的石灰效应逐渐消退,土壤再次酸化形成铝毒害。作为一种新型酸性土壤改良剂,生物质炭施用后土壤的复酸化过程尚不清楚。本研究通过循环酸浸洗耦合根伸长试验,对比研究了施用生物质炭和熟石灰(Ca(OH)2)后土壤的复酸化过程及其对植物的铝毒性。结果表明,循环酸浸洗有效模拟了土壤的复酸化过程。随着模拟酸化年限增加,生物质炭和Ca(OH)2处理土壤中玉米根系伸长均逐渐受到了抑制。生物质炭相较于Ca(OH)2有效缓解了酸化过程对植物根系的抑制作用。在模拟12年酸输入时,生物质炭处理中玉米根相对伸长率较Ca(OH)2处理高18.6%,生物质炭相较于Ca(OH)2处理展现出更为长效的酸性土壤改良潜力。这一方面是由于生物质炭通过表面阴离子官能团质子化作用减缓了酸化过程中土壤pH的降低,抑制了土壤铝的活化。在模拟12年酸输入时,生物质炭处理土壤溶液Al3+浓度较Ca(OH)2处理低33%。另一方面,酸化过程中生物质炭持续释放Mg2+,在模拟12年酸输入时,生物质炭处理土壤溶液Mg2+浓度和植物Mg2+吸收量均较Ca(OH)2处理高2倍以上。较高的Mg2+浓度可通过调控植物对Al3+的生理响应,缓解植物铝毒害症状。该研究结果可为土壤酸化长效阻控提供理论依据和技术支撑。  相似文献   

5.
生物质炭施用量对旱地酸性红壤理化性质的影响   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
王昆艳  官会林  卢俊  徐武美 《土壤》2020,52(3):503-509
我国南方旱地酸性红壤区,土壤酸化与干旱等问题突出。近几年生物质炭在土壤改良方面的研究应用已有较多的文献报道,但针对南方旱地酸性红壤区土壤改良方面的研究与应用相对较少。对此,本研究设置了生物质炭施加量分别为1%、2%、3%、4%及对照CK共5个处理,每个处理5次重复的室内盆栽试验;每盆一次性均匀浇洒1 L蒸馏水后在温室内自然放置,模拟干旱30 d,随后测定土壤含水量、p H、电导率与氮、磷含量。结果表明:土壤pH、电导率、有效磷含量随生物质炭施加量的增加而显著提高,NH_4~+-N含量降低,而NO_3~–-N含量无显著影响;模拟干旱后的土壤含水量与生物质炭施加量呈二次函数曲线关系,施加低量生物质炭(1%)显著降低了土壤含水量,而高量生物质炭(4%)的施加则使土壤含水量显著提高。本研究为生物质炭在我国南方旱地酸性红壤区土壤改良方面的应用提供了试验依据。  相似文献   

6.
设置五种有机物料(水稻秸秆、玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆、稻壳和竹子)制备的生物质炭改良酸性土壤的田间试验,以不施生物质炭为对照(CK),运用电化学阻抗谱法研究不同生物质炭对酸性土壤电化学特性的影响。结果表明,不同处理的等效电路拓扑结构一致,但电路元器件参数存在差异;Nyquist图表现为高频区圆弧和低频区斜线的形式,各曲线与横坐标的截距对应等效电路中土壤多孔层电阻R2,圆弧半径对应电荷转移电阻R3,Bode图中不同生物质炭改良酸性土壤的阻抗模值随频率增大整体呈减小趋势。采用Z-view软件拟合出等效电路图可知,不同生物质炭改良酸性土壤对各元件参数值的影响为孔隙溶液电阻R1减小,土壤多孔层电阻R2增大和电容C1减小,电荷转移电阻R3和扩散阻抗系数W增大,以及CPE-T值减小。其中,R1的减小表示土壤水溶性盐含量和CEC的增加;R2增大和C1减小表示土壤介质体系的导电能力降低;R3、W和CPE-T值的变化表示土壤体系的转移电荷能力降低和整体稳定性的提高。拟合参数值在一定程度上揭示了改良酸化对土壤pH和可溶性盐基离子含量的影响,同时丰富了电化学阻抗谱的研究范围。  相似文献   

7.
卿敬  张建强  关卓  唐翔宇 《土壤》2017,49(5):859-867
生物质炭独特的表面性质、形貌结构及丰富而离散的孔隙系统使其对有机污染物具有良好的持留与吸附作用,可望用于土壤污染控制与修复。在田间条件下,进入土壤的生物质炭自身不稳定组分会发生转化、淋溶,并与土壤发生相互作用出现老化现象,导致生物质炭的化学与物理性质发生显著变化。生物质炭在土壤中的老化过程具有复杂性和多样性,主要包括:生物质炭化学性质的变化,如无机元素的流失、表面官能团组成的变化以及部分矿化反应;生物质炭物理性质的改变,主要是土壤有机质和矿物质对生物质炭的包覆作用造成生物质炭的孔隙特征发生改变。生物质炭在土壤中的老化可能会导致有机污染物的吸附-解吸行为发生改变,且受土壤、生物质炭以及污染物性质的影响较大。本文综述了生物质炭在农田土壤中的老化机理及主要影响因素研究方面的进展,总结了生物质炭在土壤中的老化对有机污染物吸附-解吸行为的影响,提出了尚待解决的相关前沿科学问题。  相似文献   

8.
  目的  明确不同产地油菜秸秆制备的生物质炭对红壤酸度的改良和土壤pH缓冲容量的提升效果。  方法  将不同添加量的油菜秸秆炭分别与两种酸性红壤混合,然后进行室内培养试验,测定培养实验前后土壤pH、pH缓冲容量、土壤交换性盐基离子和土壤交换性酸。  结果  添加油菜秸秆炭显著提高了土壤的pH、pH缓冲容量、交换性盐基离子含量,显著降低了土壤交换性酸含量。说明添加油菜秸秆炭不仅可以改良红壤酸度,还能提高红壤的抗酸化能力,因而可以减缓土壤的复酸化。生长在碱性土壤上的油菜秸秆制备的生物质炭对红壤酸度的改良效果和对土壤pH缓冲容量的提升效果均优于生长在酸性土壤上的油菜秸秆制备的生物质炭,在5%添加水平下,前者使湖南红壤pH相比对照提高37.4%,后者使该土壤的pH提高22.4%;相应地,2种生物质炭分别使该土壤的pH缓冲容量分别提高41.4%和37.3%。2种油菜秸秆炭对红壤pH和pH缓冲容量的提升效果与其碱含量和表面官能团多少相一致。  结论  碱性土壤上生长的油菜秸秆制备的生物质炭对红壤具有更好的改良效果。  相似文献   

9.
朱一  李晓龙  吴喆  陶岳  王雅杰  孙宇  张小凯  王震宇 《土壤》2023,55(2):234-244
土壤生态系统是温室气体排放的主要来源之一,降低土壤温室气体排放对于缓解全球变暖具有重要意义。近年来,生物质炭在改良土壤性质、提高土壤碳汇和影响土壤温室气体排放方面展现出了巨大的潜力。因此,关于施加生物质炭对土壤温室气体排放影响的研究已经成为了环境科学和农业生态领域的研究热点。然而,生物质炭对土壤温室气体净排放的影响是促进还是抑制尚无统一定论。不同植被类型条件下土壤温室气体排放也存在较大差异,故而研究添加生物质炭对不同植被类型土壤温室气体排放的影响至关重要。本文综述了添加生物质炭对林地、农田及设施蔬菜土壤中CO2、CH4和N2O排放的影响,探讨了生物质炭对土壤温室气体排放的作用机制。总结发现,不同植被类型土壤添加生物质炭将降低土壤N2O的排放,并且增加土地对CH4的吸收,而对CO2排放的影响没有统一定论。结合国内外生物质炭在该领域的研究现状,未来需开展生物质炭在土壤温室气体减排领域的长期系统研究,同时应充分考虑使用生物质炭可能存在的潜在环境风险,以期为生物质炭在土壤温室气体减排中的应用提供可靠的科学依...  相似文献   

10.
王启  兰婷  赖晶晶  高雪松 《土壤》2020,52(6):1170-1178
生物质炭施用可能对土壤中氮素硝化过程和N2O排放产生影响。本研究通过室内培养试验,研究铵态氮肥与玉米秸秆生物质炭施用量(0、1%、2%、5%、10%w/w)对酸性(pH=5.10)和石灰性紫色土(pH=8.15)氮素硝化率、净硝化速率及N2O排放特征的影响。结果表明:(1)酸性和石灰性紫色土生物质炭处理平均净硝化速率相比对照分别降低了33.7%~93.7%和7.5%~40.9%,生物质炭添加抑制了酸性和石灰性紫色土硝化作用,在酸性紫色土中生物质炭对氮素硝化作用的抑制作用随施用量的增加而增强,在石灰性紫色土中无明显规律。(2)与对照相比,酸性紫色土N2O累计排放量在1%生物质炭(1%BC)和2%生物质炭(2%BC)处理下降幅分别为15.9%和27.7%,在5%生物质炭(5%BC)和10%生物质炭(10%BC)处理下增幅分别为60.1%和93.2%。石灰性紫色土生物质炭各处理N2O累积排放量均显著高于对照。(3)综合考虑酸性紫色土1%、2%生物质炭量施用下对硝化作用抑制和N2O减排综合效果最好,在石灰性紫色土中无明显抑制和减排效果。  相似文献   

11.
The degradation of soil fertility and quality due to rapid industrialization and human activities has stimulated interest in the rehabilitation of low-fertility soils to sustainably improve crop yield. In this regard, biochar has emerged as an effective multi-beneficial additive that can be used as a medium for the amelioration of soil properties and plant growth. The current review highlights the methods and conditions for biochar production and the effects of pyrolysis temperature, feedstock type, and retention time on the physicochemical properties of biochar. We also discuss the impact of biochar as a soil amendment with respect to enhancing soil physical (e.g., surface area, porosity, ion exchange, and water-holding capacity) and chemical (e.g., pH, nutrient exchange,functional groups, and carbon sequestration) properties, improving the soil microbiome for increased plant nutrient uptake and growth, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, minimizing infectious diseases in plants, and facilitating the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. The possible mechanisms for biochar-induced amelioration of soil and plant characteristics are also described, and we consider the challenges associated with biochar utilization. The findings discussed in this review support the feasibility of expending the application of biochar to improve degraded soils in industrial and saline-alkali regions, thereby increasing the usable amount of cultivated soil. Future research should include long-term field experiments and studies on biochar production and environmental risk management to optimize biochar performance for specific soil remediation purposes.  相似文献   

12.
Biochar application has the potential to improve soil fertility and increase soil carbon stock, especially in tropical regions. Information on the temperature sensitivity of carbon dioxide(CO_2) evolution from biochar-amended soils at very high temperatures, as observed for tropical surface soils, is limited but urgently needed for the development of region-specific biochar management targeted to optimize biochar effects on soil functions. Here, we investigated the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration to the addition of different rates of Miscanthus biochar(0, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 Mg ha~(-1)) in two types of soils with contrasting textures. Biochar-amended soil treatments and their controls were incubated at constant temperatures of 20, 30, and 40℃. Overall, our results show that: i) considering data from all treatments and temperatures, the addition of biochar decreased soil CO_2 emissions when compared to untreated soils;ii) CO_2 emissions from biochar-amended soils had a higher temperature sensitivity than those from biochar-free soils; iii) the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in sandy soils was higher than that in clay soils; and iv) for clay soils, relative increases in soil CO_2 emissions from biochar-amended soils were higher when the temperature increased from 30 to 40℃, while for sandy soils, the highest temperature responses of soil respiration were observed when increasing the temperature from 20 to 30℃. Together, these findings suggest a significantly reduced potential to increase soil organic carbon stocks when Miscanthus biochar is applied to tropical soils at high surface temperatures, which could be counteracted by the soil-and weather-specific timing of biochar application.  相似文献   

13.

Purpose

Denitrification has been extensively studied in soils from temperate zones in industrialized countries. However, few studies quantifying denitrification rates in soils from tropical and subtropical zones have been reported. Denitrification mechanisms in tropical/subtropical soils may be different from other soils due to their unique soil characteristics. The identification of denitrification in the area is crucial to understand the role of denitrification in the global nitrogen (N) cycle in terrestrial ecosystems and in the interaction between global environmental changes and ecosystem responses.

Materials and methods

We review the existing literature on microbially mediated denitrification in tropical/subtropical soils, attempting to provide a better understanding about and new research directions for denitrification in these regions.

Results and discussion

Tropical and subtropical soils might be characterized by generally lower denitrification capacity than temperate soils, with greater variability due to land use and management practices varying temporally and spatially. Factors that influence soil water content and the nature and rate of carbon (C) and N turnover are the landscape-scale and field-scale controls of denitrification. High redox potential in the field, which is mainly attributed to soil oxide enrichment, may be at least one critical edaphic variable responsible for slow denitrification rates in the humid tropical and subtropical soils. However, soil pH is not responsible for these slow denitrification rates. Organic C mineralization is more important than total N content and C/N in determining denitrification capacity in humid subtropical soils. There is increasing evidence that the ecological consequence of denitrification in tropical and subtropical soils may be different from that of temperate zones. Contribution of denitrification in tropical and subtropical regions to the global climate warming should be considered comprehensively since it could affect other greenhouse gases, such as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), and N deposition.

Conclusions

Tropical/subtropical soils have developed several N conservation strategies to prevent N losses via denitrification from the ecosystems. However, the mechanisms involved in the biogeochemical regulation of tropical and subtropical ecosystem responses to environmental changes are largely unknown. These works are important for accurately modeling denitrification and all other simultaneously operating N transformations.  相似文献   

14.
添加生物炭对酸性红壤中玉米生长和氮素利用率的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Biochar added to soil can improve crop growth through both direct and indirect effects, particularly in acidic, highly weathered soils in subtropical and tropical regions. However, the mechanisms of biochar improving crop growth are not well understood. The objectives of this study were i) to determine the crop responses to biochar addition and ii) to understand the effect of biochar addition on N use efficiency. Seven acidic red soils varying in texture, p H, and soil nutrient were taken from southern China and subjected to four treatments: zero biochar and fertilizer as a control(CK), 10 g kg-1biochar(BC), NPK fertilizers(NPK), and 10 g kg-1biochar plus NPK fertilizers(BC+NPK).15N-labeled fertilizer was used as a tracer to assess N use efficiency. After a 46-d pot experiment,biochar addition increased soil p H and available P, and decreased soil exchangable Al3+, but did not impact soil availabe N and cation exchange capacity(P 〉 0.05). The N use efficiency and N retained in the soil were not significantly affected by biochar application except for the soil with the lowest available P(3.81 mg kg-1) and highest exchanageable Al3+(4.54 cmol kg-1). Greater maize biomass was observed in all soils amended with biochar compared to soils without biochar(BC vs. CK, BC+NPK vs. NPK). This agronomic effect was negatively related to the concentration of soil exchangeable Al3+(P 〈 0.1). The results of this study implied that the liming effect of biochar improved plant growth through alleviating Al toxicity and P deficiency, especially in poor acidic red soils.  相似文献   

15.
农田土壤黑碳应用研究进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
在应对全球气候变暖和保障粮食安全的双重背景下,如何增加土壤碳库容量、 提升土壤生产力以及减少环境危害已成为农学家、 土壤学家和环境学家在二十一世纪的研究重点和热点,黑碳(或生物碳)在农田土壤中的应用作为一种增加土壤碳库和提高土地生产力的新方法引起了极大关注。本文综述了黑碳在农业土壤中的含量,应用黑碳(生物碳)对作物产量、 土壤肥力和温室气体排放的影响; 探讨了应用黑碳影响作物生产力和土壤环境行为的机理以及农田土壤应用黑碳在不同区域、 作物类型、 用量和黑碳性质上的差异表现; 展望了农田应用黑碳未来研究的方向和热点。  相似文献   

16.
The application of biochar produced from wood and crop residues, such as sawdust, straw, sugar bagasse and rice hulls, to highly weathered soils under tropical conditions has been shown to influence soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, there is a lack of data concerning GHG emissions from soils amended with biochar derived from manure, and from soils outside tropical and subtropical regions. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect on emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) following the addition, at a rate of 18 t ha−1, of two different types of biochar to an Irish tillage soil. A soil column experiment was designed to compare three treatments (n = 8): (1) non-amended soil (2) soil mixed with biochar derived from the separated solid fraction of anaerobically digested pig manure and (3) soil mixed with biochar derived from Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis). The soil columns were incubated at 10 °C and 75% relative humidity, and leached with 80 mL distilled water, twice per week. Following 10 weeks of incubation, pig manure, equivalent to 170 kg nitrogen ha−1 and 36 kg phosphorus ha−1, was applied to half of the columns in each treatment (n = 4). Gaseous emissions were analysed for 28 days following manure application. Biochar addition to the soil increased N2O emissions in the pig manure-amended column, most likely as a result of increased denitrification caused by higher water filled pore space and organic carbon (C) contents. Biochar addition to soil also increased CO2 emissions. This was caused by increased rates of C mineralisation in these columns, either due to mineralisation of the labile C added with the biochar, or through increased mineralisation of the soil organic matter.  相似文献   

17.
不同地区油菜秸秆制备的生物质炭对酸性红壤的改良效果   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
董颖  邵捷  徐仁扣  王辉  赵震杰  姜军 《土壤》2020,52(1):134-138
从江西鹰潭、安徽宣城、江苏南京和淮阴等4个地区收集油菜秸秆,在500℃下厌氧热解制备生物质炭,比较生物质炭的pH、盐基离子和碳酸盐含量的差异,并在20 g/kg加入量下考察其对安徽宣城pH 4.1的酸性红壤改良效果。结果表明,江西鹰潭油菜秸秆炭pH、盐基离子和碳酸盐含量最低,安徽宣城油菜秸秆炭次之,江苏淮阴和南京油菜秸秆炭的相应参数值最高。当用这4种油菜秸秆炭改良土壤酸度时,改良效果表现为江苏淮阴>江苏南京>安徽宣城>江西鹰潭,与生物质炭pH、盐基离子和碳酸盐含量一致。因此,利用秸秆生物质炭改良土壤酸度时,不仅需要考虑炭化条件和秸秆类型,作物的产地差异也需要进行考量。  相似文献   

18.
Mine tailings, waste rock piles, acid mine drainage, industrial wastewater, and sewage sludge have contaminated a vast area of cultivable and fallow lands, with a consequence of deterioration of soil and water quality and watercourses due to the erosion of contaminated soils for absence of vegetative cover.High concentrations of toxic elements, organic contaminants, acidic soils, and harsh climatic conditions have made it difficult to re-establish vegetation and produce crops there. Recently, a significant body of work has focussed on the suitability and potentiality of biochar as a soil remediation tool that increases seed emergence, soil and crop productivity, above ground biomass, and vegetation cover on mine tailings, waste rock piles, and industrial and sewage waste-contaminated soils by increasing soil nutrients and water-holding capacity, amelioration of soil acidity, and stimulation of microbial diversity and functions. This review addresses: i) the functional properties of biochar, and microbial cycling of nutrients in soil; ii) bioremediation, especially phytoremediation of mine tailings, industrial waste, sewage sludge, and contaminated soil using biochar; iii) impact of biochar on reduction of acid production, acid mine drainage treatment, and geochemical dynamics in mine tailings; and iv) treatment of metal and organic contaminants in soils using biochar, and restoration of degraded land.  相似文献   

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